Post on 25-Dec-2015
description
transcript
Anatomical terminology
By:
prof Manal El-sawaf
(MBBCh.MSc.MD)
Introduction
What is meant by anatomy?
The science concerned with the form and structure of the human body
How to study anatomy?
1. Regional anatomy
2. Systemic anatomy
Head &neck
thorax
abdomen
upper
lower
Anatomical terminology
a. Terms of position
b. Terms of direction
c. Terms of movement
Standing in erect positionThe eyes looking forward
The arms by the sides of the trunkThe palms facing forwardThe feet close together
Body planes
•Vertical planes: •Transverse horizontal)
sagittalcoronal
midsagittal
parasagittal
Divides the body into Right & left
Note:
Sagittal planes
midsagittal parasagittal
)mediane plane)Connects:
Anterior median line& Poaterior median line
Any vertical plane Parallel to the mediane
Plane on either side Of the body
Divides the body into Anterior & posterior
Divides the body into upper &lower
Terms of direction
SuperiorUpperCranial
cephalic
Inferior Lowercaudal
DorsalPosterior
Toward the back
VentralAnterior
Toward the front
Medial x lateral
Superficial )external(X deep )internal(
Proximal x distal
Palmer x dorsum ) hand(
Planter x dorsum )foot(
Ipsilateral x contralateral
Supine x prone
Medial x lateral
1 2
Ipsilateral x contralateral
1 2
3
Superficial )external(X deep )internal(
Proximal x distal
1
2
•Palmar
•dorsum
plantar
dorsum
In limbs
ulnarradialtibial
fibular
Flexion x extension
Abduction x adduction
Lateral rotation )external rotation(X medial )internal rotation(
Pronation x supination
Eversion x inversion
Protraction x retraction
Flexion: the movement of bendingUsually toward the ventral surface.
Example: in the elbowAnterior surface of a distal segment moves toward
That of a proximal one
Exceptions of flexion
At shoulderAt thumbAt kneeAt ankleAt trunk
The opposite of flexion withStraightening of the joint
Abduction: to draw the limb
away from the median plane in the frontal
plane
Adduction:To bring the limbBack towrds theMedian plane at The side of the
body
Exceptions of abduction
thumb fingers
•Movement of a part around its long axis
Circumduction
Moving like a cone with the distal part part moves
in a circle and proximal part as a pivot.
•Turning the palm downwards &upwards in horizontal forearm or backwards &
forwards in sided forearm
Turning the sole of the footInward and outward respectively
Protraction x retraction
:to move forward and backward
Example:
mandible