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transcript

GIS for ChEs Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

AIChE Webinar

John Cirucci

• What is GIS? • Tools and Methods • Applications • Examples • Future Trends

GIS for ChEs Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

Broad St Cholera Outbreak 1854

John Snow (1813 – 1858) - Obstetrician

Soho District, London

John Snow Obstetrician 1813 – 1858

Location of Cholera Cases

Location of Cholera Cases Town Pumps

Location of Cholera Cases Town Pumps Contaminated Pump

“GIS” “Geographic Information System” decision-support computational tool “Geographic Information Science” discipline

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

GobsrGtheorGhirGlor

Data Visualization

Trends

Patterns

Relationships

Geographic Information Science and Technology

Body of Knowledge Ca

tion • History and

trends • Data

considerations • Principles of map

design • Graphic

representation techniques

• Map production • Map use and

evaluation

s •Scope •Project definition •Resource planning •Database design •Analysis design •Application design •System

Implementation

ds •Query operations

•Geometric Measures

•Analytical operations and methods

•Analysis of surfaces

•Spatial statistics •Data mining •network analysis •Optimization and

location-allocation modeling

g •Basic storage and retrieval structures

•Database management systems

•Tesselation data models

•Vector and object data models

•Modeling 3D, uncertain and temporal phenomena Co

ns •Philosophical

foundations •Cognitive and

social foundations •Domains of

geographic information

•Elements of geographic information

•Relationships •Imperfections in

geographic information

The Map …oldest man-made model?

Babylonian “road map” of Nippur ca. 1400 BC New York City Google Maps ca. 2015

Trimble

Data Sources useful information which has location

Field data

Remote sensing

Aerial imagery

Internal data

Public databases

Private databases

GIS Data Configuration

LAYERS georeferenced to a COORDINATE SYSTEM PROJECTION represents curved surface in 2D data stored in VECTOR or RASTER formats

USGS National Map

points

polygons

GIS Data Configuration

LAYERS georeferenced to a COORDINATE SYSTEM PROJECTION represents curved surface in 2D data stored in VECTOR or RASTER formats

USGS National Map

points

polygons

File types include: shapefile, geojson, KML, geoTIFF or feature class in a geodatabase

GIS Data Attributes

Layers can comprise multiple features Features can comprise multiple attribute fields

FIELDS

Basic GIS Data Operations

• Projections and Datums

• Geocode / Georeference

• Spatial queries

• Merge, join, dissolve, intersect features

• Boolean overlay operations

• Feature filtering based on conditional values

• Distance operations – measures, buffers

GIS Spatial Analysis and Geostatistics

Spatial is Special "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.” Waldo Tobler

• Density surface and point pattern analysis

• Spatial interpolation

• Trend surface analysis

• Focal operations

• Alternative overlay – fuzzy, weight of evidence

• Cost distance network analysis

• Multi-criteria decision analysis

GIS Tools Commercial

• ArcGIS ESRI • Autodesk • IDRISI • API: Google Maps

Open Source • QGIS • GRASS • web servers: Map Server, QGIS server, GeoServer • associated: TileMill, Mapnik • database: PostGIS, SpatiaLite • API: OpenLayers, Leaflet, ModestMaps, D3, Polymap

Example 1: Processing and Spatial Visualization of Tabular Data

Annual Energy Data by State US Census state boundary shapefiles Energy consumption by type State Renewal Portfolio Standard obligation

Example 1: Processing and Spatial Visualization of Tabular Data

Example 2: Surface Analysis – Hydraulics – Dominican Republic

Geospatial Data Compilation Field data – location coordinates

• Houses • Barns • Schools • Wells • Water tanks

Digitization of aerial imagery • roads • waterways • water bodies • structures

Digital elevation model data governmental boundary shapefiles

humanitarian development – building water infrastructure for a rural community

Example 2: Surface Analysis – Hydraulics – Dominican Republic

Elevation

Proposed Water Line - Cabeza de Toro - Dec 20152,0001,8001,6001,4001,2001,0008006004002000

70 Slope

Proposed Water Line - Cabeza de Toro - Dec 2015meters

2,0001,8001,6001,4001,2001,0008006004002000

Spatial watershed analyses Surface characterization Evaluation of pipeline routing Profile analysis

Example 3: Waste Transfer Station Siting – Retrospective Analysis

Waste Transfer Station

LOWER COST

Lower fuel and

labor cost

Traffic Odor Noise Real Estate

Competing Siting Criteria

• Lower operating cost • Improved energy efficiency • Remote disposal enabled

Environmental Protection Agency (2000)

41 Large Volume Transfer Stations ≥ 100 tons/day

Los Angeles County

Identify and Test Probable Criteria • Best practice siting guidance • Data availability Distance to population Distance to disposal Distance to other stations Road Network Terrain Land Use Zoning Income Race and Ethnicity Gender Age Family size Housing Type

Aggregate and Convert • Resolution related to site characteristics • Practical dataset size for analyses

Census Blocks Zoning DEM Facilities

(100 m)2 cell Raster Layers

California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (2014) Department of Regional Planning, County of Los Angeles (2015) Southern California Association of Governments (2015) United States Census Bureau (2015)

250 m radius

500 m radius

Neighborhood Analyses

Cost Distance Travel Network

Los Angeles County

City of Los Angeles

0.089 0.068 0.052 0.043 0.024 0.018 0.017 0.012 0.0085

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

Logistic Regression Fit to Value Preference Decision Rule Form Spatial Probability Model

Correlation does not imply causation!

Trends

• Real-time GIS • Internet of things • Indoor mapping • 3D GIS • Crowdsourcing • Augmented reality • GIS domain expansion

3deling

VTN Consulting

John Cirucci johncirucci@gmail.com www.linkedin.com/in/JohnCirucci

GIS for ChEs - The Global Home of Chemical Engineers23 ©2016 John Cirucci . Elevation. Proposed...

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