Post on 22-Feb-2016
description
transcript
Government & InfrastructureNatalie Busta,
Tyler Pfohl,
Adam Reiss,
& Allie Schmalz
Overview
0Definitions of “urban” and “city”0Types of local government
Definitions
0Urban area – an area containing a central, large population and communities close by that are economically associated with that nucleus. 0 Population density
0City – “and incorporated municipality, usually governed by a mayor and a board of council men.” (Dictionary.com)0 Legal definition & geographic boundaries
Local Government02 tiers
0 Counties0 Municipalities (Cities, towns)
0Population center0Vary in size0Responsibility for parks, police and fire departments,
housing services, emergency medical services, municipal courts, transportation services, and public works
0The state must grant power to local governments.0City officials are directly elected (“State and Local
Government”)
Types of Municipal Governments
0Council – Manager0 City council oversees administration, makes policies and
sets budgets0 Council appoints a city manager
0Day-to-day administrative operations.0 Mayor is chosen from the council on a rotating basis
(“Forms of Municipal Government”, 2010).
Types of Municipal Governments
0Mayor – Council0 Mayor elected separately from the council and holds
executive powers0 Council is elected and holds legislative powers (“Forms
of Municipal Government”, 2010).
Types of Municipal Governments
0Commission (legislative and executive)0 Voters elect commissioners to a governing board0 Each commissioner oversees as specific aspect (fire,
police, health, etc.)0 One commissioner is designated as mayor (“Forms of
Municipal Government”, 2010).
Types of Municipal Governments
0Town Meeting (5% of U.S. municipalities)0 All voters meet to decide on policies and officials are elected
to carry out the policies0Representative Town Meeting (1% of U.S. municipalities)
0 Representatives selected via voters0 Representatives attend town meetings and discuss issues0 Select individuals are responsible for implementing policies
decided on (“Forms of Municipal Governemnt, 2010).
Local Government0Chicago’s City Government (Mayor-Council)
0 City wide officials (Executive branch):0Mayor, Clerk & Treasurer
0 Chicago City Council = Legislative branch050 members – one from each ward0Ward = municipal legislative district
0Essential for development of cultural identities of neighborhoods (Mayfield, 2004)
Local Governments
0Phoenix, AZ (Council-Manager)0 City council oversees administration, makes policies and
sets budgets0 Council appoints a city manager
0Day-to-day administrative operations (National League of Cities, 2010).
0Phoenix’s city manager oversees 40 departments and major city functions
0Works closely with the mayor and city council to provide services and pass ordinances (“How Your City Works”, 2012)
LATINOS AS A PERCENT OF ELIGIBLE VOTERS, BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, 2008
• National Average = 8% (2010)
• 47% of eligible actually voted (national average= 63.8%)
CURRENT REGISTERED LATINO VOTERS
TOP ISSUES AMONG LATINO VOTERS
MARCO RUBIO
SONIA SOTOMAYOR
Los Angeles
0Los Angeles Population: 3,800,0000Latinos make up 48.5% of the population0Los Angeles housing make-up:
0 38.2% owner-occupied0 61.8% public
0Dubuque housing make-up:0 65.7% owner-occupied0 34.3% public
0Neighborhood Councils
Ethnic Enclaves
0Chinatown0Historic Filipinotown0Koreatown0Little Armenia0Little Ethiopia0Thai Town
Los Angeles Politics
01960: Fewer than 10% Latino0Present day: Roughly 50% Latino01980s: Lines were drawn to stop Latinos from
entering political positions01991: The lines were removed which led to the
election of Gloria Molina to the Board of Supervisors01991: 18% of seats held by Latinos02009: 33% of seats held by Latinos
Latino Politics
0Latino immigrants and their children0 Children old enough to vote now
0Latino officials in Los Angeles:0 Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa0 4 City Council Members
0California0 9 Latino State Senators0 17 Latino Assembly Members
East Los Angeles (Region)
0Region lays east of downtown Los Angeles and the Los Angeles River
0 “East L.A.” refers to the predominantly Hispanic descent communities in the region
0Population shifts & Gentrification0 White and Filipino residents to working-class and
middle-class pockets0Drawn by architecture and schools0Affordable alternative
East Los Angeles, CA
East Los Angeles, CA
0Unincorporated area in Los Angeles, CA0Population of 126,000 people
0 97.1% Latino0No local government0Campaign for cityhood
Public Services
Examples
Public Service Questions
0What service?0What level of service should be provided?0Who should provide it?0How should it be paid for?0Who should it be provided to?
Operational Level
0 Is it efficient?0 Is it effective?0 Is it equitable?
Examples of Efficiency Measures for
Waste Collection:0Cost per ton0Cost per household0Tons collected per man hour0Households serviced per man hour
Examples of efficiency measures for mass transit:
0Cost per passenger mile0Cost per vehicle mile0Number of passenger trips per employee
How do you measure
effectiveness?• Healthcare- Mortality
rates• Education-
Standardized test• Fire prevention-
Number of fires per capita
• Roads- Observation • Other- Surveys
Equity:Hawkins vs. Town of Shaw
098% of unpaved streets were occupied by blacks
019% of black homes were not served by sanitary sewers, compared to 1% of white households.
0Court ruled violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment
Equity Principals
0Equal Payment 0Equal Output0Equal Input 0Equal Satisfaction of demand
ReferencesDictionary.com. Urban. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/urban.Dictionary.com. Urban. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/urban.Forms of Municipal Government. National League of Cities. Retrieved from http://www.nlc.org/build-skills networks/resources/cities-101/forms-of- municipal- government.How Your City Works. (2012). City of Phoenix. Retrieved from http://phoenix.gov/citygovernment/cityworks/index.html. Mayfield, L. (2005). Government, City of Chicago. Encyclopedia of
Chicago. Retrieved from http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/532. html.State and Local Government. The White House. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/our-government/state-and-local-government
References cont."As Deportations Rise to Record Levels, Most Latinos Oppose Obama's Policy." VII. Views of the Political Parties and Party Identification . Web. 10 May 2012. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2011/12/28/vii-views-of-the-political-parties-and-party-identification/
"Latinos and the 2010 Elections: Strong Support for Democrats; Weak Voter Motivation."Pew Hispanic Center. Web. 10 May 2012. http://
www.pewhispanic.org/2010/10/05/latinos-and-the-2010-elections-strong-support-for-democrats-weak-voter-motivation/
“Hispanics and the 2008 Election: AA Swing Vote?” Taylor, Paul and Fry, Richard. 2007. Pew Hispanic Center.
"U.S. Senator for Florida, Marco Rubio." U.S. Senator for Florida, Marco Rubio. Web. 10 May 2012. http://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/
"Background on Judge Sonia Sotomayor | The White House." Background on Judge Sonia Sotomayor | The White House. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Backgroun d-on-Judge-Sonia-Sotomayor>