GSM / CDMA NETWORK &BROADBAND – INDIA

ROADMAP

Rajinder Kumar

Roll No. 17 Rajat Narang

Roll No. 16

HISTORY OF GSM: Developed by Group Spéciale Mobile (founded 1982)

which was an initiative of CEPT ( Conference of European Post and Telecommunication )

: Aim : to replace the incompatible analog system

: Presently the responsibility of GSM standardization resides with special mobile group under ETSI

( European telecommunication Standards Institute )

: Full set of specifications phase-I became available in 1990 . Under ETSI, GSM is named as “ Global System for Mobile communication “

WHAT IS GSM The full form of GSM is Global system for Mobile

Communication. GSM is one of the most famous working standards for mobile phones all over the world.

Over two billion people use the GSM services across 212 countries and territories in the world.

The utility of GSM makes national and international roaming very simple and easy between mobile phone operators, which enable users to use their cell phone in various parts of the world.

SERVICES RENDERED Call related services : Call Waiting Call Hold- Put a caller on hold to take another call Call Barring- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls Call Forwarding- Calls can be sent to various numbers

defined by the user Multi Party Call Conferencing - Link multiple calls

together CLIP – Caller line identification presentation CLIR – Caller line identification restriction CUG – Closed user group

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF CDMA

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Assess) is first used in military based communication technology used during World War II by English allies to Stop German attempts to decode transmissions

A Company named Qualcomm created communications chips and designs for CDMA technology and later claimed patents on the technology.

Claude Shannon and Robert Pierce had provided CDMA framework in 1949.

HOW CDMA WORKS

1.Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) 2.Time division multiple access (TDMA) 3.Code division multiple access (CDMA)

Thus CDMA is one access technology which cell phones uses to transmit and receive data.. That is FDMA puts each call on a separate frequency and TDMA assigns each call a certain portion of time on a designated frequency for the above mentioned purpose. But CDMA gives a unique code to each call and spreads it over the available frequencies. All these are multiple access systems because more than one user can use the specified At a Time

WCDMA

W-CDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access), an ITU standard derived from Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), is officially known as IMT-2000 direct spread. W-CDMA is a third-generation (3G) mobile wireless technology that promises much higher data speeds to mobile and portable wireless devices than commonly offered in today's market.

CNTD…

W-CDMA can support mobile/portable voice, images, data, and video communications at up to 2 Mbps (local area access) or 384 Kbps (wide area access). The input signals are digitized and transmitted in coded, spread-spectrum mode over a broad range of frequencies.

KEY FEATURES OF WCDMA

Support of high data rate transmission: 384 Kbps with wide area coverage, 2 Mbps with local coverage.

High service flexibility: support of multiple parallel variable rate services on each connection.

Efficient packet access. Real time map showing vehicle position & key

metrics. Customized screen & window configurations Automatic data testing with FTP connection In building / campus navigation software Automatic dial / terminate with user defind

times & auto redial

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PROJECTIONS : FIXED & MOBILE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fixed GSM CDMA

Millions

* Market Analysts' Estimates

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GSM SURPASSES CDMA IN NUMBER OF ADDITIONS TO SUBSCRIBER BASE

Market Share* of Wireless Operators (as of quarter ending March 2007)

TTSL, 35.9%

MTNL, 0.5%

BSNL, 8.0%

Syam Telilink, 0.2%

Reliance, 55.2%

HFCL, 0.3%

Market Share* CDMA Service Providers (as of quarter ending March 2007)

BPL, 0.9%

MTNL, 2.3%

Aircel, 4.6%

Spice, 2.3% Reliance, 2.8%

Idea, 11.6%

Hutch, 22.0%

BSNL, 22.8%

Bharti, 30.8%

Market Share GSM* Service Providers (as of quarter ending March 2007)

CDMA, 27%GSM, 73%

Reliance Communications and TTSL

dominates the Indian CDMA mobile services

segment.

Bharti Airtel dominates the GSM segment with a

market share of approximately 31 percent for the

year ending March 2007, followed by BSNL with

a share of approximately 23 percent subscribers.

* In terms of Subscriber Base

GSM surpasses CDMA segment by a large

margin in terms of subscriber numbers.

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Go-ahead to the CDMA technology

IND

IA

Private players were allowed in Value Added Services

National Telecom Policy (NTP) was formulated

1992

1994

1997

Independent regulator, TRAI, was established

NTP-99 led to migration from high-cost fixed license fee to low-cost revenue sharing regime

1999

2000

2002

BSNL was established by DoT

ILD services was opened to competition

Internet telephony initiated

Reduction of licence fees

2003

Calling Party Pays (CPP) was implemented

Unified Access Licensing (UASL) regime was introduced

Reference Interconnect order was issued

2004

Intra-circle merger guidelines were established

Broadband policy 2004 was formulated—targeting 20 million subscribers by 2010

2005

FDI limit was increased from 49 to 74 percent

Attempted to boost Rural telephony

2006

Number portability was proposed (pending)

Decision on 3G services (awaited)

2007

Department of Telecommunication (DoT) is the main body formulating laws and various regulations for the Indian telecom industry.

Various important regulations and laws have been passed in the Indian telecom industry post-liberalisation era

ILD – International Long Distance

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Basic Services Operators

BSNL

MTNL

Major Players in different segments of Indian telecom industry

Reliance

TTSL

GSM Services Operators

Airtel

Vodafone

Idea

Reliance

TTSL

BSNL

CDMA Services Operators

Reliance

Internet Services Operators

BSNL

MTNL

Reliance

TTSL

BSNL

Airtel

TTSL – Tata Teleservices Ltd.

MOBILE SERVICES

BSNL – Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.

MTNL – Mahanagar Telecom Nigam Ltd.

WCDMA AD/DIS Advantages of WCDMA include: Increased cellular communications security. Simultaneous conversations. Smaller phones. Low power requirements and little cell-to-cell

coordination needed by operators. Extended reach - beneficial to rural users situated far

from cells. Disadvantages of WCDMA include: WCDMA is relatively new, and the network is not as

mature as GSM. WCDMA cannot offer international roaming, a large

GSM advantage.  

GSM AD/DIS Advantages of GSM: GSM is already used worldwide with over millions of

subscribers. International roaming permits subscribers to use one

phone throughout Western Europe. CDMA will work in Asia, but not France, Germany, the U.K. and other popular European destinations.

GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This maturity means a more stable network . CDMA is still building its network.

The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are smart cards that provide secure data encryption give GSM advantages. 

 Disadvantages of GSM: Lack of access to burgeoning American market

CONCLUSION

In general I say both GSM and CDMA are frontier technologies and both have good and bad qualities. And in the case of mobile handsets the fact is that GSM handsets are very popular and many of the new facilties are readily available in GSM phones with lesser price. The reason is simple...nokia and motorola needs profit...and they will invest more in GSM because GSM has 8 times more users than CDMA.

GSM still holds the upper hand however. There's the numerical advantage for one thing: 456 million GSM users versus CDMA's 82 million & WCDMA has its about 3 millions users

Thanks