HEAT__________________________________________________________________________

3RD GRADE SCIENCE

Essential Questions_________________________

What is heat and how is it measured? How does thermal energy move? How is thermal energy used?

Vocabulary Preview Temperature Celsius Thermal Energy Heat Conductor Insulator Insulation Friction

What is temperature? How is it measured?______________________________ Temperature – how hot or cold something is Temperature can measured with a

thermometer Temperature can be measured on two scales: Fahrenheit Celsius

Celsius _______________________________

Scientists usually use the Celsius scale Water boils at 100 degrees C and it

freezes at 0 degrees C

Thermal Energy and Heat

Thermal energy – the form of energy that moves particles of matter

If particles are moving very fast – the temperature is high, and the particles have more energy

The movement of thermal energy is called heat Thermal energy flows from hotter to cooler objects

Questions: What happens when you heat up a solid – such as an

ice cube? What happens when you heat up a liquid?

Controlling Thermal Energy in our bodies_________________________ Sweating – As the sweat on your skin begins

to change into a gas – it carries heat AWAY from your body. This makes you feel cooler.

Shivering: If you get too cold – you may shiver. This motion helps warm you up.

People use sweating and shivering to help control their body temperatures.

Controlling Temperature:_______________________________ People use a thermostat to control the

temperature in a room Heat Air-conditioning

How Does Thermal Energy Move? The are 3 ways that thermal energy can

move:

1.Thermal energy can move from one particle to another in a solid.

2.Thermal energy can travel through space.

3.Particles of a gas or liquid can carry thermal energy from one place to another.

Conduction and Conductors• Conduction: the movement of thermal energy between objects that touch each other• Example: When you cook food in a pan on the stove, heat moves from the burner, to

the pan, to the food by conduction.

Conductors_______________________________

Conductor: an object that thermal energy can move through easily

A pan is used for cooking because it is made of metal – such as iron or copper.

Thermal energy moves easily through most metals.

Insulators_________________________ Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct

heat well Example: When you pick up a hot pan, you

use a potholder because it is a good insulator.

Wood, cloth, and plastic are good insulators. Air is a good insulator too.

Insulation_________________________ Insulation is a material that is used to slow

the movement of heat. Insulation may be found in:

o Walls of your homeo A thick jacket

o A thermos or cooler

Insulation Cont…_________________________**Thermal energy moves form WARMER objects to COOLER objects. In winter, insulation helps keep warm air inside a home. In summer, insulation helps keep hot air from getting into the home.

What is friction?_______________________________Friction – a force between moving objects

Friction slows the moving objects and produces heat.

What are some examples of friction?

Ways we use Thermal Energy_______________________________Sitting by a fire to get warm

Taking a warm shower or bath – thermal energy is used to heat the water

Solar panels on homes—to cool or heat the home or to power electronics

Ways thermal energy can be produced:_______________________________From electricity

Mixing of chemicals

Friction

The sun

Vocabulary Review_______________________________

Temperature – the measure of how hot or cold something isCelsius – the metric scale for measuring temperatureThermal energy – the form of energy that moves particles of matterHeat – the movement of thermal energy form hotter to cooler objectsConductor – an object that heat can move through easily

Vocabulary Review Cont._______________________________ Conduction – the movement of heat

between objects that are touching each other

Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct heat well

Insulation – material used to slow the movement of heat

Friction – a force between two objects that slows the objects and produces heat

Review – Answer the following questions:_______________________________What is heat and how is it measured?

How does thermal energy move?

How is thermal energy used?