Lab 11Sphenophyta, Pterophyta

Sphenophyta

• General features of the vascular plants• Common name: Horsetails• Synonyms: Arthrophyta• Sporophyte growth habit: Stems,

leaves, roots• Gametophyte growth habit:

Photosynthetic thalli

Sphenophyta

• Stele: Siphonostele• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Several

whiplash• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous• Representative genera: Equisetum• Recognized by: Scale leaves in whorls;

hollow stems; meiosporangia on sporangiophores

Equisetum

Sphenophyta

Equisetum aerial stem

Sphenophyta

Equisetum rhizome

Sphenophyta

Equisetum gametophyte

Sphenophyta

Equisetum gametophyte with embryonic sporophyte

Sphenophyta

Equisetum strobilus

Sphenophyta

Equisetum strobilus

Sphenophyta

Equisetum strobilus

Sphenophyta

Equisetum meiospores

Sphenophyta

Pterophyta

• General features of the vascular plants• Common name: Ferns• Synonyms: Pteridophyta, Filicophyta• Sporophyte growth habit: Stems,

leaves, roots• Gametophyte growth habit:

Photosynthetic thalli• Stele: Siphonostele or protostele

Pterophyta

• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Several whiplash

• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous or heterosporous

• Representative genera: Azolla, Cyrtomium, Marsilea, Osmunda, Polypodium, Salvinia

• Recognized by: Meiosporangium with annulus (not in all); meiosporangia often in clusters (sori) on undersides of leaves

Assorted ferns

Pterophyta

Sori

Pterophyta

Sori

Pterophyta

Sori

Pterophyta

Sori

Pterophyta

Sori

Pterophyta

Sori

Pterophyta

Osmunda rhizome

Pterophyta

Osmunda rhizome

Pterophyta

Marattia meiosporangia

Pterophyta

Fern sporangia

Pterophyta

Cyrtomium sori

Pterophyta

Fern gametophyte

Pterophyta

Fern gametophyte

Pterophyta

Fern gametophyte fertilization

Pterophyta

Fern gametophyte with sporophyte

Pterophyta

Fern gametophyte with sporophyte

Pterophyta

Marsilea

Pterophyta

Marsilea x.s. sporocarp

Pterophyta

Germinating Marsilea sporocarps

Pterophyta

Germinating Marsilea sporocarps

Pterophyta

Marsilea male, female gametophytes

Pterophyta

Azolla

Pterophyta

Salvinia

Pterophyta