Post on 14-Dec-2014
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Amedeo D’AntonioRegione CampaniaAssessorato AgricolturaSettore SIRCA
Using satellite information for sustainable irrigations: hands-on experience
Francesco VuoloBOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna, AustriaAriespace, spin-off University of Naples
The context: irrigation water
managemnet
Geospatial services
Operational services in
Campania region, Southern
Italy
Transferability: A case study in
Marchfeld region, Eastern
Austria
Outlines
Technology value
Regione CampaniaAdvisory and Assistance Services in
the agriculture
Transfer of knowledge & capacity building
Implementation and support to Common Agricultural Policy
(CAP)
EU subsidies to farmers subjected to conditionality
Technical assistance
SeSIRCA CePICA CeSA
2000
2006
Regional Plan forIntegrated pest control
Regional Plan for Assistance in Soil Fertilisation practices
Regional Irrigation Advisory Plan
7.000 farms> 27.000 ha
(Campania Rural Develpment Program)
1995
Evolution of advisory services
for agriculture
Why efficient agricultural water management is
important?
A water jet sprays onto fields of potatoes.Fernand Ivaldi/Getty Images
Agricultural Water Use
Mediterranean areas:
Italy & Spain 64% Greece 88% Portugal 80%
Increasing in UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria and France… more than 30%
(OECD/Eurostat,2000) (OECD, 2006)
Crop water needs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
P,E
To
(mm
/mon
th)
Precipitation Reference Evapotranspiration
IES, JRC/ISPRA
Hydrological summer deficit
573 mm
Users' needs at different levels
Region & Water User Associations (WUA)
Individual fields &
farms
EO data covers different spatial scales
WUA & irrigation districts
Earth Observation (EO) data provides objective information
(Richter et al. 2008)
Informed water management is crucial for facing agricultural
challenges
Deliver the message
Irrigation scheme level Field/farm level
Some examples:
Crop development stage (coefficiet)
Spatial variability (within plot)
Weekly water consumption (mm)
Implementation in Campania region,
Southern ItalyAn operational service
Piano Regionale di Consulenza all’Irrigazione della Regione
Campania
2006 2007 2011201020092008 2012
From the Regional Irrigation Advisory Plan To IRRISAT
~ 300 farms & 60.000 ha under monitoring~ 3 € / ha per growing season
Piana del Volturno
Piana del Sele
Transferability of methodologies
Marchfeld region, Eastern Austria Demonstration of pre-operational services
funded by the Austria Space Application Programme
Transferability of methodologies
• Technological adoption of space-based solutions for crop & irrigation water management is a complex process.
What to consider?
• Favorable conditions depend on several technical, social and economic factors: – Validated methodologies (new environment)– Redesign systems (new users &
requirements)– Cost-benefits & sustainable funding
(evaluation)
EO4Water: a case study of satellite technology transfer
Semi-arid climate conditions: 250-300 mm from May to September
Main issues
• “…farmers in Marchfeld region are very interested to lower their costs by exact application of irrigation water” (W. Neudorfer, 2006)
• Solutions based on local measurements of soil moisture (Cepuder & Nolz, 2007) to regulate irrigation water management.
However:
• Only implemented on individual base (field or farm)
• Difficult to scale the water use at river-basin level for integrated water management applications.
Weekly EO product
generation
Advice to users
Irrigation practice
Evaluation (water applied/water suggested)
Evaluation with users
Cost-benefit analysis &
performance indicators
PILOT AREA Overview of benefits in pilot
areas (SIRIUS-GMES)Italy Range of benefits between 20 and 31 €/ha
Spain Energy and water saving & Reduction of drought effects.
Mexico Range of benefits between 18 and 27 €/ha
Turkey
With wells: Water saving up to 10% in drip irrigation, crop yield increase 5%Otherwise no obvious benefit for farmers but better resource allocation at scheme level
Brazil From 12 €/ha for beans to 24 €/ha for rice per growing season
India Increase efficiency and water allocation
Egypt Fairer allocation of water & irrigation scheduling Mapping crop acreage & crop water requirements
Romania Complementary tool for agricultural subsidies
PILOT AREA Overview of costs in pilot areas
per growing season
Italy 55-67K € up to 80 000 ha ~ 2 €/ha
Spain ~100K € 100 000 ha 1 €/ha
Mexico ~ 76K € 92 000 ha 0.8 €/ha
Turkey ~ 46K € 3 000 ha 15 €/ha
Brazil ~ 50K € 20 000 ha 2.5 €/ha
India ~ 15K € 54 700 ha 0.28 €/ha
Egypt ~ 45K € 2 500 ha 18 €/ha
Romania 59-69K € 20 000 ha ~ 3 €/ha
EO data:Data provider /
sensorPixel size
(m)Price per sq.
km Notes Cost for season
DEIMOS 22 ~ 0.15 €minimum order size
10000 sq. kmComplete coverage achieved.
15,000 €
SPOT image 10 ~ 2.0 €
Coverage: 900 sq. km - 1/4 scene The image frame would be sufficient to
cover the area of interest.18,000 €
Formosat-2 8 ~ 3 € Coverage: 576 sq. km
Part of the AOI is not covered in one acquisition.
17,280 €
RapidEye 5 ~ 1.0 € minimum order size
3500 sq. kmComplete coverage achieved.
35,000 €
Free data Landsat-8, Sentinel-2
Conclusions 1/2
From a post-evaluation of the application of the Regional Irrigation Advisory Plan since 2007 confirm that :
Subjective and empirical assessment of irrigation applications determines the utilisation of excessive amounts of water resources, compared to the maximum values needed to guarantee optimal yield;
Reduction of irrigation volumes has both direct and indirect economical and environmental benefits for farmers, water distribution bodies and local communities.
Conclusions 2/2
The essential novelty of the approach implemented in the Plan is in adding new dimensions to irrigation water management by:
spatially distributed information (via E.O. in a GIS-based framework);
wide range of stakeholders at their required space-time resolution in easy-to-use and intuitive form that encourages participation;
addressing users at farm, irrigation scheme, and river-basin scale in a nested approach, involving decision makers at all water management levels;
evaluating these new technological opportunities in the socio-cultural, political, economic, and environmental context of the stakeholders.
Dissemination and technical information by using different types of media (paper and on-line)
www.irrisat.itwww.irrieye.com
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