Post on 24-Dec-2015
transcript
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
INDONESIA PART 1B: TSUNAMIS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
FLOODS
CYCLONES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TSUNAMIS
TSUNAMIS CAN ACCOMPANY LARGE SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES
GENERATED AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA
AND EURASIATECTONIC PLATES
REGIONAL TECTONICS
• The Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates meet in Indonesia, creating a tectonic setting that generates earthquakes and volcanoes.
REGIONAL TECTONICS
• The Indo-Australian plate is moving northward while being subducted under the Eurasian plate creating a zone marked by a submarine trench that can be traced from the northern tip of Sumatra to the Lesser Islands.
INDONESIA’SINDONESIA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
INDONESIA’SINDONESIA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•TSUNAMI HAZARDS •PEOPLE & BLDGS. •VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
TSUNAMI RISK TSUNAMI RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: TSUNAMI GOAL: TSUNAMI DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES
TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEM
FLOODING
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI
CAUSES OF LOSS
CAUSES OF LOSS
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TSUNAMIS.
• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.
INDONESIA’S MOST NOTABLE TSUNAMI DISASTER
The Great Sumatra
Earthquake -Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster
December 26, 2004
BEFORE AND AFTER THE DISASTER
• SOURCE OF IMAGES: SPACE IMAGING/CRISP-SINGAPORE
• NOTE: A TSUNAMI TRAVELS AT SPEEDS OF ABOUT 800 KM/HR IN THE DEEP OCEAN
THE TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMI WAVES WITH WAVE HEIGHTS OF 4 TO 10 M AND INLAND RUNUP OF 3.3 KM OR MORE REACHED THE COASTS OF ALL INDIAN OCEAN NATIONS- - -
• WHOSE PEOPLE WERE UNEVACUATED AND UNPREPARED
IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER
• AS MANY AS 220,000 PEOPLE KILLED (120,000 IN INDONESIA)
• --- AND 500,000 INJURED
IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER
• URGENT NEED FOR FOOD, WATER, AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES TO PREVENT “A HEALTH-CARE DISASTER AFTER THE TSUNAMI DISASTER”
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY
• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE
• EVENTEVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
• COSTCOST
• BENEFITBENEFIT
•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES
TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR TSUNAMISFOR TSUNAMIS
TSUNAMISTSUNAMISTSUNAMISTSUNAMIS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS
EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS