Lifting GearTheorym4.ppt

transcript

Ian Miller

MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT

Types of Lifting Gear

Cranes

- pedestal

- HIAB/knuckle type

Derricks

- single

- union purchase

Hoists

- electric- air- chain

Miscellaneous

- gallows - power blocks

- pot haulers - gangway davits

- trawl booms

- life boat davits

Types of Lifting Hardware

Shackles

Eye bolts

Blocks

Slings

End fittings

Derricks

Union Purchase

Pedestal Cranes

Telescopic Boom Crane

Jib Boom Crane

HIAB & knuckle crane

Limit Switches

Maximum Height Limit Max Jib Elevation Limit Minimum Jib Elevation Limit Ship Out -of- Trim Limit Dancing Roller Arrangement

Ponderball

Dancing Roller

Minimum Jib Elevation Switch

Maximum Jib Elevation switch

Maximum Hook Height Limit

Crane Load Testing using water filled bags

Crane Components Limit switches

- max hook height limit

- max/min jib elevation limits

- ship out of trim limit

Boom SWL markings

SWL markings for Cranes

SWL details must be marked:

on an external part of the the cranes structure, or

on derrick boom, or

on a plate near the heel of the derrick

in the driver’s cabin within easy view of driver

12T 30m / 20T 10m

SWL Outreach

Derrick/crane boom

1. Condition of SWR

2. Status of wire on winch drums

3. Condition and SWL’s of hardware & tackle

4. Check control operation

5. Check brakes

6. Check for oil leaks and condition of fittings

Cranes & derricksPre-use checks

HOISTS

Electric

Trolley Lift

HOISTS

Pre-use checks

1. Read Manufacturers guide to operation

2 Always check SWL’s - assembly/hook/shackles

3. Check general condition

- distortion & damage

- gear assembly nuts

- chains & wires run smoothly

General Operations Precautions When Using Cranes to Lifting

1. Know the controls especially EMERGENCY STOP

2. Do not operate if load out of sight – otherwise use signals

3. Do not drive appliance to limit switches

4. Lift loads gently

5. Plumb loads to avoid swinging

6. Do not drag load

7. Do Not leave controls with load on hook

8. Do not stand or walk beneath a suspended load

Basic Components of Lifting Gear

Steel Wire Rope (FSWR)

Chains

Shackles

Slings

Blocks & Tackle

Details:

MARINE ORDERS Part 32:Cargo Handling Equipment

Standing Part

Hauling Part (purchase)

Standing Block

Moving Block

Tackle

Single whipRunner

Double whipGun tackle

Handy billy(jigger)

Luff tackle

Tackle

Double luff2 fold

purchase

3 fold purchase

Rove to

Disadvantage

Rove to

Advantage

Methods of rigging tackle

Purchase leads from the standing block

Purchase leads from the moving block

standing block

moving block

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

MA = number of parts leading from the moving block

MA = 2 (2:1)

Moving Block

The ratio between the weight of a load, and the force required to lift the load.

Moving Block

MA = ?3

MA = 2

Breaking Strain

Safe Working Load (SWL)

Working Load Limit (WLL)

The ultimate strain on equipment at failure

The maximum load that should be applied to equipment

Calculating STRESS on the Hauling Part of a tackle

How Cars are Recoveredin Ireland

“Moichael, we’ve got a car ta pull out.”

“Ay Seamus, we’ll pull ‘er up directly.”

“Moichael, can yer crane hold ‘er?”“Seamus me lad, don’t be worryin’ now”

“Oh Shoit”

“Moichael, get outta the water and go get a bigger crane.”“Roight, Seamus. I will”

“Foine work Michael. No problem”

“Great”

“Now fer da crane Seamus. Up she comes.”

“Easy does it now”

“Oh f*#k it Moichael.

Breaking Strain

6= SWL

Fibre Rope Strength

Breaking Strain

5= SWL

SWR Strength

Rope Type SWL Formula

Natural fibre D2

Polyamide <50mm 3D2

>50mm 2.5D2

Polyester 2.5D2

Polypropylene 1.8D2

Polyethylene monofilament 1.8D2

staple 1.2D2

Steel Wire Rope 8D²

Formula for calculating approx Safe Working Load of ropes

Stress (S) =Weight (W)

Calculating STRESS on the Hauling Part

Stress (S) =Weight (W) + Friction

Stress

Including a Friction Component

No. of sheaves (n) x W

10Friction =

S =W +

10{ }Friction

801 80

S = 88 kgs

Rove to Disadvantage

801 80

S = 44 kgs

Rove to Advantage

800kgs

8002 800

S = 320 kgs

Rove to Advantage

Stress

= SWL (kilograms)

SWL(manila) = D2

• From this we can say:

D=9.38 mm

88 kgs = D2

Minimum size rope

Steel Wire Rope

SWR Transfer

Termination Point

Rule of Thumb

SHACKLES

Shackles

‘D’ shackle

HAMMERLOCK

Shackle size

‘D’ Shackle

Load Bearing Axis

SWLSTAMPED IN

‘Bow’ Shackle

Load Bearing Axis

Shackle Inspection

Moused pin

Do not crowd a hook

Hook Inspection

Slings

Fibre rope

Steel wire rope

Webbing

Fibre Rope Slings

Single Leg2 Legged

3 Legged 4 Legged

Endless sling/grommet

SWR Slings

Chain Slings

Synthetic Webbing Slings

Round webbing slings

Flat webbing slings

Synthetic Webbing Slings

SAFE SLINGING CHART

Synthetic Slings Inspection

Inspect for

external cuts and abrasions

stitching undone

Inspect for

thickening of sling - internal wear

discoloration – sunlight (uv damage)

heat damage

chemical damage

Inspect for

end fittings and eye damage

Inspect for

sleeve damage

crushing

Safe slinging depends on:

proper inspections

correct SWL gear

connecting load securely

keeping load safely suspended

Safe Slinging

No greater than 120° between legs of a sling

Preferred angle 60º

Distance ‘L’ must not exceed distance ‘S’ to ensure 60º angle

Safe Slinging

SLING ANGLES

Slinging MethodsSafe Slinging

Choke Hitch

Slinging MethodsSafe Slinging

Basket Hitch

Vertical Hitch

Sling must be marked or labelled with SWL details

SWL varies according to angle between legs of sling

Additional sling legs DO NOT increase SWL of sling assembly

Safe Slinging

Safe Working Load on Slings

Usually stamped (T), 8, 80, 800Grade (T)

(high tensile)

Grade (P) Usually stamped (P), 5, 50, 500

Grade (L)

(mild steel)Usually stamped (L), 3, 30, 300

Grade (S)

(alloy steel)Usually stamped (S), 6, 60, 600

Grade (M) Usually stamped (M), 4, 40, 400

Herc-Alloy800

Trademark of PWB Anchor Limited

Grading of Chain

If chain does not have a tag then check grade

If unsure of markings assume it is Grade 30 (mild steel)

If no grade remove from service

Eye BoltsAxial loads

Lifting Tackle - Blocks

Wooden blocks for fibre rope

Steel blocks for fibre rope

Steel blocks for SWR

Steel Wire Rope Block Snatch Block

Steel Wire Rope Blocks

Wooden blocks for fibre ropewhatever fits

Steel blocks for fibre ropehand powered 6 X diametermechanical 12 X diameter

Steel blocks for SWRhand powered 10 X diametermechanical 15 X diameter

Sheave size (diameter)

Groove too wide Groove too narrow

Sheave size (groove)

Approx 1 third nestled on sheeve

Marine Orders Part 32

Equipment Tests & Examinations

Register of Certificates & Tests

- Register requirements

- Certificate requirements

Safety & Legislative Requirements for Materials Handling Equipment

Materials handling equipment shall not be used for loading or unloading unless:

it has been tested thoroughly examined & certified

records indicate equipment is fit for use

it appears to be fit for use

MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT TESTS & EXAMINATIONS

MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENTREGISTER REQUIREMENTS

1. Register kept on board (ship equipment) - Master’s responsibility

2 Register kept where equip normally stored - Owner’s responsibility

3 Particulars of all tests, heat treatment certification, maintenance repair or replacement shall be recorded

4. Register kept in any form, must be clearly legible and authenticated

Certificate must be on appropriate form

All certificates kept near/with materials handling register

TEST CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS

Inspect all equipment for defects before using.

Determine weight of load and position of the c of g

Decide method of slinging and lifting the load.

Ensure load is free to be lifted

Clear communications

Apply the load gradually to avoid exceeding the S.W.L.

Check the load's balance and general security.

When lowering, stop a short distance above the landing site

Check lifting equipment before returning to stowage.

Checks for Moving Loads Safely

Do Not connect to Bundle Strapping

A clear path to slew load

End Links

Spelter Sockets

Open Swage sockets

• Secures the tail or "dead end" of the wire rope to the wedge, thus eliminates loss or "Punch Out" of the wedge.

• Pin diameter and jaw opening allows the TERMINATOR™ to be used with UNI-LOC® Closed Swaged Sockets and Closed Spelter Sockets.

• Incorporates Crosby's QUIC-CHECK™ "GO" and "NO-GO" wire rope gauge feature cast into the wedge.

Lifting GearTheorym4.ppt

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