Logic and Debate

Formulating Arguments and Improving Speaking Skills

What is Logic?

• Merriam Webster: “the science that studies the formal processes used in thinking and reasoning”

• Key Words– Science, studies– Formal – Thinking, reasoning

Informal Logic

• Used to assess and analyze arguments

• Process:– Identify claim/argument– Analyze support and evidence– Identify logical fallacies: break downs

and incorrect structuring of arguments and beliefs

Fact vs. Opinion

• Facts are more trustworthy than opinions• Facts can be checked• Use facts to support arguments• Opinions are not trustworthy• Avoid using opinions in arguments• Everyone has different opinions

Fact vs. Opinion

Activity:http://www.teachingandlearningresources.co.uk/factoropinion.shtml

Sequence of Events

• If sequence is not logical, it can cause confusion and inaccuracies

• Chronological order• Use transitions – Examples?• At first, then, suddenly,

next, after

Sequence of Events Activity

• http://www.quia.com/pp/1146.html?AP_rand=1740646461

Cause and Effect

• Shows relationships between events

• This happened because this happened

• Use transitions– Examples?

• Due to, because, therefore, consequently, so, since, because of, but

Cause and Effect

Activity: http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/fwalters/cause.html

Preparing for a Debate

1. Topic 2. Take a stand3. Research– Sources to support your argument– Sources should be credible and reliable

(facts not opinions)

4. Structure your argument

Structure of Argument

Claim/Argument

Reason

Reason Reason

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Speaking Skills

• Make note-cards– highlight key words for emphasis

• Look at the audience• Speak loudly, slowly, and clearly• Avoid mispronunciations and stutters– Shows lack of confidence, lack of vocabulary

knowledge

• Be aware of body movements– Distracting, shows nervousness or lack of

focus