Post on 17-Jan-2016
transcript
LV Community Grids
Opportunities to increase the collective use of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and the effective integration of solar
PV + Energy Storage using pseudo Distribution System Operator type functionality
LV Connected DER
Solar PV Panels
Electric Vehicle
Home Energy Management Controller/s
DRED Enabled Devices
Thermal Energy Storage
Electrical Energy Storage
Inverter/s
Other Controllable
Loads
Intelligent Grid-edge Device (e.g. Smart Meter)
Customer
LV Electricity Supply Network
LV Connected DERIndividual Customer Centricity
• The customer is at the centre!
• Drivers for investment vary
• Diversity in capability and application
• Customer preferences determine configuration
What is the implied level of asset/resource optimisation?
Individual Premise
How much asset/resource “value” is not able to be realised?
LV Connected DERValue in Grid Connectivity
Significant Increase in Asset Utilisation
Significant DER Capacity Improvements
Nite charge
Limit nite charge
Nite discharge
Example battery level for different
operations
Solar Profile MS01 Weighted Averages (146)10pm-5am charging Consumption [MWh/yr]OffGrid Solar panel size [kW] 24.1OffGrid Battery size [kWh] 22.6OffGrid Solar utilisation [%] 19.0%OffGrid Battery Opg Cap [%] 31.7%GridNite Solar panel size [kW] 9.3GridNite Battery size [kWh] 14.1GridNite Battery Opg Cap [%] 34.5%GridNite Solar propn of load [%] 50.4%GridNite Summer grid propn of load [%] 13.9%Grid-Limit Nite Charge Solar propn of load [%] 72.7%Grid-Batt Nite Disch Battery Opg Cap [%] 50.1%Grid-Batt Nite Disch Solar propn of load [%] 88.3%Grid-Batt Nite Disch Summer grid propn of load [%] 1.7%
LV Connected DERValue in Customer Diversity
French standard NFC14-100: Apartment Block: applicable for apartments of domestic customers without electrical heating, and supplied at 230/400 V (3-phase 4-wires).
No. of Diversitydownstream factorcustomers (ks)2 to 4 15 to 9 0.7810 to 14 0.6315 to 19 0.5320 to 24 0.4925 to 29 0.4630 to 34 0.4435 to 39 0.4240 to 49 0.4150 and more 0.38
Heating and air conditioning circuit Diversity = 1
The value of customer DER investments can be significantly increased by enabling energy
“services” to be shared across a community of LV network connected customers
This opportunity exists because of the natural load diversity of customers which increases in
proportion with increasing customer numbers
The application of DER on a local community basis is enhanced by being able to integrate the various
DER capabilities in ways that increase their use and by so doing reduce costs for individual customers
and the LV network connected community- This requires an appropriate management and
control environment
LV Connected DERValue in Customer Diversity
Benefit: reduction in total battery capacity
Off-Grid System Comparison
Benefit: increase in total battery utilisation
Night Grid Supply System Comparison (10pm-5am)
LV Connected DERValue in Integration and Management
Energy Services
Reactive Power Provision
Frequency Support
Emergency Response
Economic Response
Scheduled Activities
Situational Awareness
LV Network Connected Community
LV Connected DERValue in Integration and Management
– Manage, limit, and/or curtail real power to avoid or mitigate distribution congestion, equipment overloads, or power quality issues
– Schedule real power (ESS or other DER)– Provide “available” reactive power for power quality voltage support on a feeder (no impact
on real power)– Provide maximum reactive power for reliability voltage support on a feeder (does impact real
power)– Provide operational (spinning and non-spinning) real power reserves (normal operations and
microgrids)– Provide AGC frequency support through direct utility control (ESS)– Provide autonomous frequency support (Frequency-Watt) – Compensate for renewable energy fluctuations (ESS with PV/wind)– Compensate for (rapid) load fluctuations (DER/ESS with loads)– Reduce peak loads (demand response)– Create (planned) islanded microgrid– Provide black start capabilities
Reference: Xanthus International Consulting – SIWG Phase 3 Advanced DER Functions – November 2015
Functions
LV Connected DERValue in Integration and Management
Benefits Utility Actions DER or PCC Autonomous Modes
Static Monitoring Controlling Real Power PF Freq. Support Voltage Support Resilience
SIWG Economic and Technical Use Cases for Smart DER
Functions, Categorized by the DRP's More-Than-Smart "Mutually Exclusive and Collectively Exhaustive
(MECE)" List
Access: DER and/or PCC nameplate data
Access: DER/PCC capabilities and supported modes
Monitor: DER and/or PCC operational characteristics
Monitor: Short term forecast of DER/PCC energy
Monitor: Permitted/available DER/PCC modes
Monitor: DER and/or PCC status & measurements
Control: Start/stop DER
Control: Enable/disable modes of DER/PCC
Control: Set mode parameters and curves for DER/PCC
Control: Schedule real power and modes of DER/PCC
Control: Issue AGC Reg Up and Down
Mode: Limit maximum DER real power output
Mode: Limit maximum ESS charging rate
Mode: Set real power output of DER or at PCC
Mode: Set real power (dis)charging rate of ESS or at PCC
Mode: Load / generation following by DER or ESS
Mode: Smoothing of real power spikes and sags
Mode: Soft-Start Reconnection
Mode: Fixed power factor
Mode: Power factor correction
Mode: High/low frequency ride-through or trip
Mode: AGC (utility sends Reg up and down commands)
Mode: Frequency smoothing (rapid frequency deviations)
Mode: Frequency-watt (Emergency)
Mode: High/low voltage ride-through or trip
Mode: Volt-var control
Mode: Volt-watt control (autonomous)
Mode: Fast var support
Mode: Dynamic reactive current support
Mode: Backup power
Mode: Provide black start
Mode: Convert into microgrid
ISO/RTO Balancing Authority & Market
Fixed
Resource Adequacy (Capacity, Generation, Bl. Start) x x x x x x
Resource Adequacy (Flexibility, Ramping, Market) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Variable
Energy (shifting in time) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Frequency regulation x x x x x x x x x x x x
Frequency smoothing x x x x x x x x x
Spinning reserve x x x x x x x x x x x x
Non-spinning reserve x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Transmission Operations
Fixed
Upgrade deferral due to congestion mitigation x x x
Variable
Transmission voltage support x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Transmission congestion relief x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Efficiency (loss reduction) x x x x x x x x x x
Reliability (redundancy, inertia) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Distribution Operations
Fixed
Upgrade deferral due to load levels & patterns x x x x x x x x x x x x
Variable
Provide distribution voltage support x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Maintain CVR x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Reduce number/duration of outages x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Improve power quality (spikes, harmonics) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Improve efficiency x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Avoid equipment overload, loss of life x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Improve equipment life x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Support safety x x x x x x x x x x x x
Customer/End User
Fixed
Procurement risk mitigation
Variable
Support customer choice x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Reduce energy costs x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Improve power quality (spikes, harmonics) x x x x x x x x
Avoid equipment damage x x x x x x x x
Support safety x x x x x x x x x
Improve reliability (microgrids, backup power) x x x x x x x
Price & performance risk mitigation x x x x x
Societal
Variable
Reduce CO2 emissions x
Reduce pollutants x
Improve energy security x
Improve water usage
Improve land usage
Improve economy
Reference: Xanthus International Consulting – SIWG Phase 3 Advanced DER Functions – November 2015
LV Connected DER ManagementArchitecture and Control
The hierarchical DER Smart Grid Architecture Model comprises five layers:
- Level 1: Autonomous DER systems responding to customer preferences and local conditions
- Level 2: The customer DER management systems (CDEMS) managing local DER systems
- Level 3: The energy retailers and utilities interacting with CDEMS and DER systems
- Level 4: The utility DER management systems (DERMS) model and analyse DER system impacts and capabilities in order to request/command DER actions
- Level 5: The Independent System Operators and various wholesale and retail energy markets, working with distribution utilities, provide optimisation requests, pricing information and emergency commands
LV Connected DER ManagementArchitecture and Control
Reference: Xanthus International Consulting – SIWG Phase 3 Advanced DER Functions – November 2015
LV Connected DER ManagementProduct and Systems Perspective
Level 1: Autonomous DER Systems
Level 3: Third Party DER Aggregation
Level 2: Customer DER Management Systems
Level 4: DSO – Distribution Utility Operational Analysis and Control for Grid Management and Optimisation
Established Market, Commodity Products
Fledgling Market, Limited Product Diversity
Nascent Market, First Movers, Limited Functionality
Incubation Stage, Concepts Understood, to be Practically Realised
LV Connected DER Management“DSO” Implementation Options
• Centralised – “master controller” collects resource configuration, status and measurements and executes actions (commands issued to DER fleet) as per DSO programs.
• Decentralised - Distributed intelligent DER controllers respond by “negotiation” in conjunction with “master controller” inputs and session management
• Hybrids of the above?
Area of perceived development need is the respective “Objective Function/s” that would be invoked by specific scenarios – operational and strategic, and the respective
algorithms/models that govern the DER responses
LV Connected DER ManagementGrid-Side Opportunities
• LV Network stabilisation units (combination of “STATCOM” capability combined with scaled energy source/sink) that operate as part of the DER management environment
• Intelligent edge-of-grid devices that operate as customer insulation mechanisms from LV Network quality-of-supply issues as well as enabling adaptive customer supply contracts and “DSO” interfacing to the CDEMS
22kV230/400V
LV Network Stabiliser
Pseudo-STATCOM
DSO Master 1
= “LV” Distribution System Operator Interface
Integrated + Component based Solutions
Opt-Out or Inactive based Customers
LV Community GridsPoints to Ponder
• How will these micro-ecosystems develop?
• What are the prospective first mover or likely implementation scenarios?
• Considerations around the technology solutions and control system architecture?
• DER “network” communication options?
• Protection considerations?
• Opportunities for islanded networks?
• Other?