IIASA

Markus AmannInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)

Emission Inventories,

Emission Control Options and

Control Strategies

A Review of Recent Developments

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Contents

• Emission inventories

• Emission control strategies

• Recent emission projections

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The Global Emission Inventory Activity

(GEIA)

• Framework for developing and evaluating global emissions inventories

• Critical survey of existing emissions inventories

• Generating, distributing, and publishing inventories for use by scientists, the regulatory and policy communities and others worldwide

• Keeping the scientific community updated on work through periodic news bulletins and workshops

• GEIA Data Management and Communication Center in Boulder, Colorado, USA .

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GEIA data by compound http://weather.engin.umich.edu/geia/

Available data:

SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3, Black Carbon (fossil fuel/

biomass), CO2 (fossil fuels), CO, CFCs,

CH4, N2O, Reactive Chlorine Emissions

Under construction:

– DMS, Lead, Mercury, Organochlorines,

Primary Particles, Radionuclides

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GEIA data by sources

http://weather.engin.umich.edu/geia/

Available data:• Nitrogen Oxides in Soils

• NOx Lightning data

• Volcanic Sulfur Emissions

Under construction:• Aircraft Emissions• Biomass Burning • International Shipping

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UN-FCCC Common Data Reporting FormatStatus of submissions for 1998

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US-EPA Emission Inventory Clearing Househttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/

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General approaches for controlling

emissions

• Technology based (Best Available Technology-BAT, Emission Limit Values-ELV)

• Emission caps/ceilings

• Economic instruments (emission trading, pollution charges, etc.)

New focus on the multi-pollutant context

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A multi-pollutant/multi-effect problem

SO2 NOx NH3 VOC PrimaryPM

Acidification

Eutrophication

Ground-levelozone

Health impactsfrom fineparticles

(via secondary aerosols)

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The model: RAINS

Energy/agriculture projections

Emissions

Emission control options

Atmospheric dispersion

Environmental impactsEnvironmental targets

Costs OPTIMIZATION

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The G5/2 scenarioguiding the negotiations of the Gothenburg Protocol

Emission reductions(compared to 1990)

Control costs(billion EURO/yr)

REF G5/2 REF G5/2

SO2 -60% -70% 14.0 +1.8

NOx -35% -42%

VOC -37% -45%52.6 +3.3

NH3 -12% -24% 0.7 +3.4

Total 67.3 +8.5

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Factors contributing to the decline of European SO2 emissions

Source: Wuester, 2000

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

kilo

tons

SO

2

Actual SO2 emissions Energy structure Energy technology Emission control technology

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Recent emission trends in the USSource: US-EPA

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SO2 emissions projections for Asia

The 1994 vs. 2000 perspective

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Mill

ion

tons

SO

2

Power plants Industry Domestic Transport Removed through technology Energy structure

1994 perspective

2000 perspective

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A NOx projection for East AsiaSource: Klimont et al., IIASA

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030-CLE

kilo

tons

Power plants Industry Transport Domestic Removed through technology

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Ratio of NOx to VOC emissions in East Asia

1995 2030(CLE)

108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152

18

21

24

27

30

33

36

39

42

45

48

0.00 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 10.00

NOx/ VOC ratio

108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152

18

21

24

27

30

33

36

39

42

45

48

0.00 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 10.00

NOx/ VOC ratio