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Markus AmannInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
Emission Inventories,
Emission Control Options and
Control Strategies
A Review of Recent Developments
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Contents
• Emission inventories
• Emission control strategies
• Recent emission projections
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The Global Emission Inventory Activity
(GEIA)
• Framework for developing and evaluating global emissions inventories
• Critical survey of existing emissions inventories
• Generating, distributing, and publishing inventories for use by scientists, the regulatory and policy communities and others worldwide
• Keeping the scientific community updated on work through periodic news bulletins and workshops
• GEIA Data Management and Communication Center in Boulder, Colorado, USA .
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GEIA data by compound http://weather.engin.umich.edu/geia/
Available data:
SO2, NOx, VOC, NH3, Black Carbon (fossil fuel/
biomass), CO2 (fossil fuels), CO, CFCs,
CH4, N2O, Reactive Chlorine Emissions
Under construction:
– DMS, Lead, Mercury, Organochlorines,
Primary Particles, Radionuclides
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GEIA data by sources
http://weather.engin.umich.edu/geia/
Available data:• Nitrogen Oxides in Soils
• NOx Lightning data
• Volcanic Sulfur Emissions
Under construction:• Aircraft Emissions• Biomass Burning • International Shipping
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UN-FCCC Common Data Reporting FormatStatus of submissions for 1998
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US-EPA Emission Inventory Clearing Househttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/
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General approaches for controlling
emissions
• Technology based (Best Available Technology-BAT, Emission Limit Values-ELV)
• Emission caps/ceilings
• Economic instruments (emission trading, pollution charges, etc.)
New focus on the multi-pollutant context
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A multi-pollutant/multi-effect problem
SO2 NOx NH3 VOC PrimaryPM
Acidification
Eutrophication
Ground-levelozone
Health impactsfrom fineparticles
(via secondary aerosols)
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The model: RAINS
Energy/agriculture projections
Emissions
Emission control options
Atmospheric dispersion
Environmental impactsEnvironmental targets
Costs OPTIMIZATION
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The G5/2 scenarioguiding the negotiations of the Gothenburg Protocol
Emission reductions(compared to 1990)
Control costs(billion EURO/yr)
REF G5/2 REF G5/2
SO2 -60% -70% 14.0 +1.8
NOx -35% -42%
VOC -37% -45%52.6 +3.3
NH3 -12% -24% 0.7 +3.4
Total 67.3 +8.5
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Factors contributing to the decline of European SO2 emissions
Source: Wuester, 2000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
kilo
tons
SO
2
Actual SO2 emissions Energy structure Energy technology Emission control technology
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Recent emission trends in the USSource: US-EPA
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SO2 emissions projections for Asia
The 1994 vs. 2000 perspective
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Mill
ion
tons
SO
2
Power plants Industry Domestic Transport Removed through technology Energy structure
1994 perspective
2000 perspective
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A NOx projection for East AsiaSource: Klimont et al., IIASA
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030-CLE
kilo
tons
Power plants Industry Transport Domestic Removed through technology
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Ratio of NOx to VOC emissions in East Asia
1995 2030(CLE)
108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
0.00 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 10.00
NOx/ VOC ratio
108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
0.00 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 10.00
NOx/ VOC ratio