Post on 18-Jan-2016
transcript
Module 1-51
Science-Based Road Safety Research
Describe and value science-based road safety research Describe and value science-based road safety research and its application as fundamental to achieving further and its application as fundamental to achieving further improvements in road safety.improvements in road safety.
Module 1-52
Major Topics
Traditional Methods
Engineering and Public Health Science-based Methods
Quality Data and Data Systems
Data Driven Approaches to Road Safety
The Importance of Professional Support for Science-based Approaches
Module 1-53
Safety Research Goal
The goal of safety research is to illuminate ways to reduce the negative externalities associated with motor vehicle related crashes such as fatalities, injuries, property damage, and congestion.
Think about it
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Module 1-54
Methods of Decision Making
Expert OpinionExpert Opinion
Conventional WisdomConventional Wisdom
Collective ExperienceCollective Experience
Scientific MethodScientific Method
Think about it
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Module 1-55
Weaknesses of Other Methods
Crashes Vary RandomlyCrashes Vary Randomly
Hunches are Often IncorrectHunches are Often Incorrect
Inability to Process DataInability to Process Data
Counter-productive RecommendationsCounter-productive Recommendations
Module 1-56
Weaknesses of Traditional Methods
Think about it
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Module 1-57
Weaknesses of Traditional Methods
Mad Cow disease 0
Avian Flu 0
All other deaths 8,364
Homicide 17,732
Suicide 31,484
Common flu 36,000
Auto accidents 44,000
Other accidents 65,277
Diabetes 74,219
Lower-respiratory 126,382
Stroke 157,689
Cancer 556,902
Other diseases 645,150
Heart disease 685,089
685,089
Think about it
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Module 1-58
Why Science?
In short, the justification for basic research in all fields lies in the knowledge-generating utility of scientific discoveries and in the well-founded anticipation—but not guarantee—that some of those discoveries will in the long run prove to be of great practical benefit.
Module 1-59
Five Characteristics of Science
1.1. Public ScrutinyPublic Scrutiny
2.2. Willing to Do without AnswersWilling to Do without Answers
3.3. Doubt Is Unpleasant; Certainty Is AbsurdDoubt Is Unpleasant; Certainty Is Absurd
4.4. Willing to Question the ObviousWilling to Question the Obvious
5.5. Ability to Test among Competing AnswersAbility to Test among Competing Answers
Think about it
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Module 1-510
Steps in the Scientific Process
1.1. Review the Literature.Review the Literature.
2.2. Postulate Relationships or Theories.Postulate Relationships or Theories.
3.3. Generate Testable Research Hypotheses.Generate Testable Research Hypotheses.
4.4. Design a Study.Design a Study.
5.5. Collect Data.Collect Data.
6.6. Apply Appropriate Statistical Methods and/or Models.Apply Appropriate Statistical Methods and/or Models.
7.7. Correctly Interpret Results.Correctly Interpret Results.
Think about it
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Module 1-511
Observational Study Limitation
Lack of ExperimentsLack of Experiments
Weaknesses in Observational StudiesWeaknesses in Observational Studies
• Occupant protectionOccupant protection
• Non-crashesNon-crashes
• SpeedingSpeeding
• Commercial vehiclesCommercial vehicles
Module 1-512
Data Quality and Limitations
The government is very keen on amassing statistics – they collect them, add them, raise them to the nth power take the cube root and prepare wonderful diagrams. But what you must never forget is that every one of those figures in the first instance comes from the village watchman, who just puts down what he damn well pleases.
Sir Josiah Stamp (1929)Traffic Safety and Human Behavior, David Shinar
Module 1-513
Applied TechnologiesReporting Crashes
Responding to Crashes
Collecting Victim and Crash Information
Managing and Storing Crash Information
Linking Crash Records with Hospital Records
Analyzing Crashes
Disseminating Crash Information to Stakeholder Agencies
Educating Safety Professionals
Module 1-514
Data Driven Success Think about it
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Module 1-515
Prerequisites for Safety Support
MissionMission
ChampionsChampions
ResourcesResources
Module 1-516
Review
Traditional Methods
Engineering and Public Health Science-based Methods
Quality Data and Data Systems
Data Driven Approaches to Road Safety
The Importance of Professional Support for Science-based Approaches