Organisms • Are made of Organ Systems

Organ Systems

Organs

• Are made of Tissues (heart tissue)

Tissues

• Are made of Eukaryote Cells

Eukaryote Cells

• Are made of Parts

Each cell part has a role in

• Performing the Cell’s Job, which is

Structure of a eukaryote cell

• Protective layer or layers surrounding the cell’s interior (cell wall/cell membrane)

• Cytoplasm

• Organelles within the cytoplasm

• Nucleus

All Cells have a Cell Membrane

The Cell Membrane

• Protects the cell

• Allows only certain materials to enter and exit the cell – selectively-permeable

• Made of a lipid bi-layer*.

Nucleus

The Nucleus

• Made of 1. Nuclear Membrane/Envelope

surrounding the nucleus (selectively permeable)

2. Chromosomes – composed of DNA wrapped around proteins

3. Nucleolus – produces RNA

The Nucleus

• DNA determines 1. which proteins the cell

produces 2. how much of each

protein the cell produces

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

• Semi-fluid material enclosed by the cell membrane

• Organelles float in this material

Organelles

• A membrane-bound compartment or structure in a cell that performs

special functions. A

Free Ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum with Ribosomes attached

Ribosomes and the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Ribosomes: Protein synthesis occurs here

• Rough ER: covered with ribosomes

• Once protein molecules are made, the rough ER folds the molecules, and sorts them according to function and destination in the cell*

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum with No

Ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Provides extra surface area for the action of enzymes.

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus

• The ER sends proteins to the Golgi Apparatus

• Here carbohydrates and lipids are attached to proteins and they are sent to their final destination

Mitochondrion(a)

Mitochondrion

• Cell respiration occurs here!

• Cell respiration releases ENERGY from molecules of food

• This energy is used for all cell functions

Cytoskeleton

Cytoskeleton

• A network of fibers that provides physical support and structure to the cell

• Made of microtubules and microfilaments.

Cytoskeleton

• The cytoskeleton is responsible for cell shape, movement of the cell as a whole (in one celled organisms), and movement of organelles in the cell.*

Certain Cell Parts are ONLY found in

Plant Cells OR Animal Cells

Animal Cells have organelles called

Lysosomes

Lysosomes

• Digest cellular waste and obsolete molecules and

organelles.

Animal Cells have organelles called

Centrioles

Centrioles

• Play a role in reproduction of animal cells

Plant Cells have organelles called

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts

• Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

• Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates*

Plant Cells have Cell Walls

Cell Walls

• Provide support and protection for cell • Provide rigidity to cell –

allow plants to be tall without a skeleton• Found in plants, fungi, algae

and most prokaryote cells.

Cell Walls

• Made of carbohydrates and protein.

• One type of carbohydrate is cellulose = wood and paper.

• The presence of cell walls allows large plants to stand tall without a skeleton.

• Selectively permeable

Plant Cells have Large Central Vacuoles

Large Central Vacuoles

• Provides storage for water, salts, waste in plants

• Animal cells have multiple small vacuoles (not located in center of cell)

The Cell as a Factory

The Inner Life of a Cell

Summary – Use your notes

1. Make a Venn Diagram showing which cell parts are found only in Animal Cells, only in Plant Cells and in both types of cells.

2. Which cell parts are necessary for the physical structure of the cell?

3. Beginning with the nucleus and ending with the Golgi Apparatus Make a table: Name and describe the job of cell parts related to making proteins.

4. Name and describe the job of cell parts related to food and energy.