Post on 19-Jul-2015
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VISION
To be a recognized University in the Asia Pacific Region by 2022.
MISSION
LPU-B, espousing the ideals of Jose P. Laurel, is dedicated to the holistic development of the individual constantly in pursuit of truth and acts with fortitude (Veritas Et Fortitudo) to serve God and Country (Pro Deo Et Patria). It is committed to provide quality education and develop leaders, lifelong learners and globally competitive professionals who possess the 4C;s – competence, commitment, credibility and collaboration.
CORE VALUES
G – God Centeredness L – LeadershipI – IntegrityN - Nationalism
INTEGRITY IS ………
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.
WHAT IS HISTORY?
Origin . . . . .
It is derived from the Greek word “historia”, which means to know or to see.
TRADITIONAL DEFINITIONS
History if the record of the past History is a record of the human past
from the time written records began to appear
MODERN DEFINITION
Bridging the gap between the Present and the Past Explaining causes of things and events Projecting the future Interpreting conditions of a given space and time Promoting Nationalism and Patriotism
TASK OF THE HISTORIAN
They seek out the records and survival of mankind’s pastCritically examines itImagine how the past looked like; and lastly,Present the results of their imaginative reconstructions of the past in ways that do not violate the cannons of the scientific methods of writing
the historian is not contented to tell us merely what happened; he wishes to make us see why it happened too.
W.H.Walsh
PATTERNS OF HISTORY
1. Linear
• History has a goal or end toward which it is moving forward• Everything that had happened in the past is in accordance
with God’s plan (Providential theory).• Man progresses everday in whatever way• Popularized by st. Augustine, Immanuel Kant, Auguste Comte
2. Cyclical
• History continuouslyrepeat itself• Popularized the ancient stoics, Nietzche,
Hegel, Marx, etc.
3. Spiral
Combination of linear and cyclical
While there is certain repetition of history, there is also progress towards some goal
Popularized by Vico, Spengler etc.
4. Chaotic
There is no certain pattern in historyHistory has no pattern or meaningHistory happens because they are meant to happen
5. Eclectic
Combination of the different patterns of history
USES OF HISTORY
Hindsight (looking backward)History teaches us lessons in the past which can
help us in the conduct of our present life. It draws lessons from the past.
Foresight (looking forward)History not only describe what happened in the
past but also tells us why society changes from one stage to another.
Character buildingHistory gives us certain knowledge and develops
with in us:1. The courage to face the facts of life2. the humility to learn from the experiences in the past.3. the intelligence to act upon our problems4. the faith to believe in oneself.
Collective memoryhistory is the story of groups of people, storehouse of
experiences which they develop into social identity and future prospects. It also helps promote national identity.
•History is particularly rich in opportunity it offers for learning how to think•History involves the development of perspective •History teaches judgement•Historical studies is good in dealing with complexities.•History is a vehicle for teaching the private citizen the virtue of loyalty and responsibility.
- Robert Daniels (1981)
HOW DOES HISTORY DIFFER FROM ARTS AND LITERATURE?
•History is based on facts, literature an arts are based on imagination
RELATIONSHIP OF HISTORY TO OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES
•The social sciences (psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc.) draw data from history and incorporate the perspective of history on the changing circumstance of human behavior.
“to foretell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary to open the book that tells of her past”.
Dr. Jose Rizal
PHILPPINE HISTORY
Pre-Colonization Spanish Period Ameriican Occupation Japanese Occupation 3rd Republic onwards
ON A YELLOW PAPER WRITE ANYTHING YOU KNOW ABOUT PHILIPPINE HISTORY
geography Filipino people Culture Government Way of life
THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS PEOPLE
How come Filipinos have such varied physical features? Such diverse economic activities? Observers say, one’s geography (e.g., archipelagic and tropical) can help shape not only a people’s physical appearance but also their economy, character traits, history and development.
The Philippines is a tropical and archipelagic country found in the Southeast Asia. Endowed with rich natural resources and a warm, hospitable people, it has its own share of political and economic challenges to meet.
PHILIPPINE GEOGRAPHY
Geography is the science that studies the earth’s form, physical features, climate, population, and other related topics.
WHERE IS THE PHILIPPINESLOCATED?
PHYSICAL FEATURESThe Philippines (PH) is an island nation located in Southeast Asia between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam.
•According to the geography of Philippines, the country is made up of 7,107 islands, with a total area of 300,000 sq km. The country's land area occupies 298,170 sq km while water constitute only 1,830 sq km of the total area and has a coastline of 36,289 km.
•An important feature of the geography of Philippines is that the country is part of a western Pacific arc system which is characterized by active volcanoes. All the islands of the country are susceptible to earthquakes.
•The country's closest neighboring countries are Taiwan to the north and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south. The country's capital city is Manila located on Luzon Island.
The overall land area is comparable to that of Arizona. Only about 7% of the islands are larger than one square mile, and only one-third have names.
The largest are Luzon in the north (40,420 sq mi; 104,687 sq km), Mindanao in the south (36,537 sq mi; 94,631 sq km), and Samar (5,124 sq mi; 13,271 sq km).
The islands are of volcanic origin, with the larger ones crossed by mountain ranges. The highest peak is Mount Apo (9,690 ft; 2,954 m) on Mindanao
GOVERNMENT
The Philippines is a constitutional republic with three co-equal branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. The executive branch, headed by the president and Vice-president, administers the functions of the government through the cabinet that is made up of departments and headed by department secretaries.
The legislative branch , which is responsible for enacting bills into laws, is composed of the Senate (Upper House) and the House of Representatives (Lower House), led by the Senate President and Speaker of the House, respectively.
The Judiciary consists of the systems of courts with the Supreme Court as the highest court in the land and headed by the Chief Justice.
For administrative purposes, the Philippines is subdivided into regions and provinces, except for Metropolitan Manila. Each province is headed by governor and has its own legislative body called Sanguniang Panlalawigan. The Province in turn, are composed of cities and municipalities. Cities and Municipalities are further divided into barangays. A Barangay is the smallest political unit of the country and headed by a barangay.
The country has undergone several constitutional changes. These constitutions are:The Malolos Constitution – set up the first republicThe 1935 Constitution - served as the basis for the transition commonwealth and set up the third republic headed by Manuel RoxasThe 1943 Constitution - recognized the 2nd republic under JPL
The 1973 Constitution - extended the term of Pres. Ferdinand MarcosThe 1987 Constitution - during the presidency of Cory Aquino up to the present
ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES•Caloocan•Las Pinas•Makati•Malabon•Mandaluyong•Manila•Muntinlupa•Marikina•Navotas•Paranaque•Quezon•San Juan•Taguig•Valenzuela
National Capital Region
CORDILLERA AUTONOMOUS REGION
•Abra•Apayao•Benguet•Ifugao•Kalinga•Mountain Province
ILOCOS REGION – REGION 1
•Ilocos Norte•Ilocos Sur•La union•Pangasinan
REGION 2 – CAGAYAN VALLEY
•Batanes•Cagayan•Isabela•Nueva Viscaya•Quirino
REGION 3 – CENTRAL LUZON
•Aurora•Bataan•Bulacan•Nueva Ecija•Pampanga•Tarlac•zambales
REGION IV-A - CALABARZON
•Cavite•Laguna•Batangas•Rizal•Quezon
REGION IV-B- MIMAROPA
•Marinduque•Mindoro Oriental•Mindoro Occidental•Romblon•Palawan
REGION V – BICOL REGION
•Albay•Camarines Norte•Camarines Sur•Masbate•Sorsogon
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
•Aklan•Antique•Capiz•Guimaras•Iloilo•Negros Occidental
REGION VII – CENTRAL VISAYAS
•Bohol•Cebu•Negros Oriental•Siquijor
REGION VIII-EASTERN VISAYAS
•Biliran•Eastern Samar•Leyte•Northern Samar•Samar•Southern Leyte
REGION IX-ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
•ZAmboanga del Norte•Zamboanga del Sur•Zambuanga Sibugay
REGION X-NORTHERN MINDANAO
•Bukidnon•Camiguin•Misamis Occidental•Misamis Oriental•Lanao del Norte
REGION XI –DAVAO REGION•Compostela Valley•Davao del Norte•Davao del Sur•Davao Oriental
REGION XII -SOCCKSARGEN
•North Cotabato•Sarangani•South Cotabato•Sultan Kudarat•Cotabato City
REGION XIII-CARAGA REGION
Agusan del NorteAgusan el SurDinagat IslandsSurigao del NorteSurigao del Sur
AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO•Basilan•Lanao del Sur•Tawi-tawi•Sulu
PROMINENT MOUNTAINS
Mt. Apo (Davao)Mt. Zambales (Zambales)Mt. Taal (Batangas)Mt. Makiling (Laguna)Mt. Halcon (Mindoro)Mt. Kanlaon (Negros)Mt. Banahaw (Quezon)
MOUNTAIN RANGES
Caraballo del Sur highest peak at the intersection of the boundaries of Abra, Ilocos Norte & Cagayan
•Caraballo Occidentales divide into the Cordillera Norte & Cordillera Central and tranverse the region west of the Cagayan River
•The Sierra Madre Also known as the Pacific Coast Range, begins at Baler, Quezon and crosses Isabelaa, Nueva Viscaya and Cagayan. The longest continuous range in the country.
•C
PROMINENT RIVERS
•Jaluard•Agno•Mindanao•Jaro•Abra•Bicol•Tagum•Agusan•Plaridel•Catugig Chico River, Cordillera Region
CAGAYAN RIVER
LAGUNA LAKE
VOLCANOES & EARTHQUAKES
Iraya (Batanes)Mayon (Albay)Taal (Batangas)Banahaw (Quezon)Bulusan (Sorsogon)Hibok-hibok (Camiguin)Makaturing (Lanao)Apo (Davao)Pinatubo (Pampanga)
TAAL VOLCANO
MT. PINATUBO
MAYON VOLCANO
MA. CRISTINA FALLS
Theories on the Origins of the Philippines
(Geological & Geographical foundations)
A. SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
1. Pacific TheoryAccording to Bailey Willis, a noted geologist, the
Philippine islands were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions. These volcanoes were found under the Pacific Ocean towards the eastern region of Asia. The Pacific Theory or the Volcanic Theory says that some 200 million years has passed since the eruption of these volcanoes. This natural phenomenon caused the splitting of rocks followed by the waters surrounding them.
This phenomenon also happened in Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and New Zealand. These countries from what is now known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. There are 250 volcanoes around the region. The Philippines has 22 active volcanoes. It is no wonder then than earthquakes occur quite frequently around the country. (Custodio 1998)
2. THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY
It argues that the Philippines came from the breaking of a vast mass of land and the drifting away of broken pieces from each other. The larger ones turned into continents while the smaller bits & pieces constituted themselves into islands & archipelagos, including the Philippines.
3. “LAND BRIDGES” OR WAVES OF MIGRATION THEORY
According to the theory of H. Otley Beyer, a renowned archaeologist, the Philippines was once a part of the Asian continent because of land bridges. This geographical feature was common during the Pleistocene Period or the Ice Age some 1.8 million years ago. Waves of migrants from Mainland Asia made their way to the Philippines crossing these land bridges.
After the Glacial Period, the ice around the continent began to thaw, causing waters to rise and the oceans to form over the land bridges. The lands above sea level shaped the islands dotting the archipelago. This theory also explains the similarities of plants and animal species found in the country and in some parts of the Asian regio
The theory also identifies five land bridges that connected one area to another:
Palawan and Borneo Philippines, Taiwan, and Asia Borneo and Sulu-Mindanao New Guinea-Mindanao (Jocano 1975)
The similarity of the natural plants and animals in the mainland of Asia and that of the Philippines may prove that the Philippines were once a part of the mainland of Asia.
However, German Scientist Dr. Fritjof Voss proved that the 35 kilometer thick crust below China does not stretch to the Philippines, contrary to first wave theory that the first migrators walked along the land bridges.
4. ASIATIC THEORY
According to the Asiatic theory of Dr. Leopoldo Faustino, the islands were form through the process of diastrophism. This explains the movement of the earth that caused some parts either to rise or sink. This happens with the folding, faulting, and wrapping of the earth.
5. THE PHILIPPINES AS A REMNANT OF A VAST CONTINENT
Certain geographical scientist opined that the Philippines was a remnant of a vast continent in the Pacific which sank beneath the waters. This lost Pacific continent was called Mu or Lemuria.
B. MYTHICAL ORIGIN
1. Divine creation2.Quarrel between the sky and the sea3.The giant tale
Looking at the world map, explain why the Philippines occupies a strategic position in relation to other countries in Southeast Asia and the world.
Give the basic geographical features of the Philippines. How do these features relates themselves to the possible origin of the country?
There are several theories given by scientists as to the origin of the Filipinos. One of these theories explains that the Philippines was once inhabited by the Tabon men who resembled the Java men and who lived about 250,000 years ago. These people lived in caves and used stones as tools for gathering food.
THE SKULL OF THE TABON MAN
TABON CAVE, PALAWAN
According to a famous American archaeologist, three waves of people came to the Philippines from the Asian peninsula. These were the Aetas, Indonesians and Malays.
THE AETAS
The Aetas or Negritoes were the first group of people who came to the Philippines through the land bridges. They were small, about four feet tall. They had dark skin, flat noses, thick lips and black kinky hair. They used bows and arrows as weapons. They used leaves and barks of trees for their clothing.
The Aetas were a wandering people. They had no permanent home. Most of them lived in caves at the mountainsides. Sometimes, they made temporary shelter made of twigs and leaves of trees. They moved from one place to another to get food. They gathered fruits, root crops and edible plants around.
THE DESCENDANTS OF THE AETAS CAN STILL BE FOUND IN THE MOUNTAINS OF LUZON, MINDANAO, PANAY, MINDORO AND PALAWAN. THEY ARE SOMETIMES CALLED ITA, BALUGA, AGTA OR ATI.
From South Asia, the second wave of migrants, the Indonesian came by canoes and boats after the Great Ice Age about 3000 B.C.. They introduced bronze and rice terraces.
The third were navigators, potters, weavers and blacksmiths. They are the Malays who came before 1 B.C. in Mindanao and Sulu. Filipinos and Moros were the descendants of Malays