Quality control of shampoos

BYK.BHAVYASRI

ROLL NO- 100809885005 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

0SMANIA UNIVERSITY

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ContentsIntroductionFunctionsIdeal propertiesFormulationQuality controlReferences

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Structure of Hair

IntroductionA shampoo may be described asa cosmetic preparation meant forthe washing of hair & scalp, packaged in a form convenient foruse.

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In olden days soap cakes were used for washing hair,but today

Development of synthetic detergents has revolutionized the shampoo market.

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Functions

Cleansing the hair

Sebum secreted by scalp

Sweat residue

Other external matter

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Ideal properties

1. Ease of application

2. Lather power

3. Removal of debris

4. Ease of rinsing

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5. Low level of irritation

6. Well preserved

7. Good stability

8. Economical

9. Fragrance

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Formulation

Detergents / surfactants

Pacifying agents

Clarifying agents

Sequestering agents

Conditioning agents

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Thickening agents

Foam boosters

Activators

Preservatives

Special additives

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Quality control tests

Foam & foam stability

Detergency and cleansing action

Eye irritation Oral toxicity pH test Skin irritation test Viscosity

measurement

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Foam & foam stability Ross-miles foam column

Measuring foam height & foam stability.

200ml of a shampoo solution falls through an orifice into a glass column containing 50ml of the shampoo solution. Height of the column is measured at specific times.

Ross miles foam apparatus

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Detergency and Cleansing action

Wool yarn grease test

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Place 5 grams of wool yarn in grease in 200ml of water containing 1 gram of shampoo in a flask.

Temperature of water should be 35°C. shake the flask for 4 min at the rate of 50 times a minute.

Calculate the amount of soil removed under experimental conditions.

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Eye irritation

Instill 0.1 ml of test substance in conjuctival sac of one eye of 9 albino rabbits.

Divide rabbits in three groups comprising of three rabbits each.

Draize & Kelly, test on eye mucosa of albino rabbits

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Oral toxicity

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Oral toxicity can be given in terms of its lethal dose 50 ( LD/50 ) i.e., number if gms of the material per kg of body weight required to kill half of the test animals used.

Fasting cage animals are taken & dosing is accomplished with the help of stomach tube.

Lower the LD/50 the greater the toxicity.

Test for pH

pH meter

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Soap based shampoos are more effective in pH of 9.0-10.0.

Synthetic detergent based shampoos are effective pH range of 6.0-9.0.

pH can be measured with the help of pH meter.

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Skin irritation tests

Draize Test in rabbits

A set of 6 rabbits is used for testing each material.

Shampoos should be tested only for a short duration, that is, not more than 4 hrs as these products come in contact with the skin only for a short duration.

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These preparations are diluted before use, hence a test concentration of 8-10% is recommended.

The patches are removed after 4 hrs & the skin sites like oedema, erythema or escher formation.

The products may then be classified as mild irritant, moderate irritant & severe irritant.

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Viscosity measurements

Brookfield's viscometer

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REFERENCES

P.N.Sharma; Cosmetics- Formulation, Manufacturing & Quality control; Vandana Publications Pvt Ltd., Delhi.

Sanju Nanda, Arun Nanda, Roop.K.Khar; Cosmetic Technology, First Edition- 2006; Birla Publications Pvt Ltd,

B.M.Mithal, R.N.Saha; A Hand Book of Cosmetics; 2006 Edition; Page no: 105 to 110.

Thank You!