Post on 04-Jan-2016
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Quantitative Tools
Objectives
1. Understand why quantitative tools are important in silviculture
2. Know some examples of quantitative tools used
3. Understand TIPSY
Why develop quantitative tools?• Decision making
• Precise information transfer
• Clear delineation of options
Examples
• Yield tables
• Density management diagrams
• Stock and stand tables
• Computer growth models
• Economic analysis packages
TIPSY
• TIPSY (Table Interpolation Program for Stand Tables)
• Ministry of Forests
• Uses results from a growth model (TASS)
| Trees (#/ha) & Merch Volume (m3/ha) by DBH Class (cm) Top|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Age Ht | Trees | Vol | (yr) (m)| 0.0+ | 12.5+ | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | -______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.0 0.0 1600 1600 0 0 10.0 2.3 1547 1514 33 0 0 0 20.0 8.3 1448 64 644 712 28 1 0 0 0 1 30.0 14.0 1412 6 80 413 708 198 7 81 0 0 0 50 29 2 40.0 18.6 1401 3 67 174 471 497 165 22 2 202 0 0 0 45 93 51 11 2 50.0 22.4 1365 40 156 349 383 295 111 26 5 0 304 0 0 35 80 105 59 19 5 0 60.0 25.5 1313 14 132 321 296 261 181 76 25 5 2 403 0 0 32 65 100 106 63 27 7 3 70.0 28.1 1256 4 99 303 263 204 180 123 56 17 5 2 499 0 0 30 58 81 112 109 67 27 9 6
| Trees (#/ha) & Merch Volume (m3/ha) by DBH Class (cm) Top|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Age Ht | Trees | Vol | (yr) (m)| 0.0+ | 12.5+ | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | -______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.0 0.0 1600 1600 0 0 10.0 2.3 1547 1514 33 0 0 0 20.0 8.3 1448 64 644 712 28 1 0 0 0 1 30.0 14.0 1412 6 80 413 708 198 7 81 0 0 0 50 29 2 40.0 18.6 1401 3 67 174 471 497 165 22 2 202 0 0 0 45 93 51 11 2 50.0 22.4 1365 40 156 349 383 295 111 26 5 0 304 0 0 35 80 105 59 19 5 0 60.0 25.5 1313 14 132 321 296 261 181 76 25 5 2 403 0 0 32 65 100 106 63 27 7 3 70.0 28.1 1256 4 99 303 263 204 180 123 56 17 5 2 499 0 0 30 58 81 112 109 67 27 9 6
| Trees (#/ha) & Merch Volume (m3/ha) by DBH Class (cm) Top|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Age Ht | Trees | Vol | (yr) (m)| 0.0+ | 12.5+ | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | -______________________________________________________________________________________ 0.0 0.0 1600 1600 0 0 10.0 2.3 1547 1514 33 0 0 0 20.0 8.3 1448 64 644 712 28 1 0 0 0 1 30.0 14.0 1412 6 80 413 708 198 7 81 0 0 0 50 29 2 40.0 18.6 1401 3 67 174 471 497 165 22 2 202 0 0 0 45 93 51 11 2 50.0 22.4 1365 40 156 349 383 295 111 26 5 0 304 0 0 35 80 105 59 19 5 0 60.0 25.5 1313 14 132 321 296 261 181 76 25 5 2 403 0 0 32 65 100 106 63 27 7 3 70.0 28.1 1256 4 99 303 263 204 180 123 56 17 5 2 499 0 0 30 58 81 112 109 67 27 9 6
Tree Number
Crown Cover
DBH
Height/Diameter
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Species Matters
Height Growth
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
hei
gh
t
red cedar
Douglas-fir
Growth Curves
Height Growth (Bruce 1981)
0102030405060
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
Age
Hei
ght
(m)
Site 20
Site 30
Site 40
Basal Area• Proportional to total LA accumulation
over time
• Historic artifact of: site quality X stand structure
• Use is underpinned by Yoda’s theory of “final constant yield”
Basal Area
050
100150
200250300
350400
450500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
Sq
uar
e F
eet/
Acr
e
Site 20
Site 30
Site 40
Volume Curves
Volume Growth (merchantable 7.5+)
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
Vo
lum
e (m
3/h
a)
Site 20
Site 30
Site 40
Not Every Cubic Meter Is the Same
Merchantable Volume
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
mb
f/ac
re
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
m3/
ha Bd Ft
Cub. M.
Lumber Recovery
Site 30
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
Bo
ard
fee
t/C
ub
ic M
eter
Another Problem
• Standing Volume Yield
Mortality
• Gross yield
• Net yield
What number is yield?
Site 30
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
Vo
lum
e (
cu
bic
me
ters
)
Gross
Total
Merchantable
Harvest Index
• Harvest Index is:
[(harvestable volume)/(total volume)]
– Utilization– Technology– Allocation
Harvest Index (Cubic Volume)
Site 30
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
Har
vest
In
dex
MAI
02
46
81012
1416
1820
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Age
Cu
bic
Met
ers/
Ha/
Yr
Site 20
Site 30
Site 40
Total or Merchantable?
MAI (Site 30)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
Cu
bic
Met
ers/
Ha/
Yr
Total
Merchantable
Thinnings
• Total yield
• Final yield
Volume (Site 30)
Thinning at 36 years
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Age
Vo
lum
e Gross
Total
Merch.