ReferencingAPA AND MLA

How Do you Reference?

Why do you think we should reference?

Give ‘credit where credit is due’

For support and evidence

Demonstrate strength in your writing …. Show it is based on the research/knowledge of others

Avoid plagiarism

Acknowledge the work of others

What is APA referencing used for?

Typically used in the social sciences

In-text references

Copying and pasting a web-site IS NOT REFERENCING

Referencing APA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hsjE26fxTY

Your Essay Should:

be typed and double-spaced be printed on standard-sized paper (8.5῀x11῀)

use 1῀ margins on all sides

use 10-12 pt. Times New Roman

include a page header (title) in the upper left-hand of every page and a page number in the upper right-hand side of every page

Your Essay Should:

Main Body (Text)

Number the first text page as page

Type and center the title of the paper centered, at the top of the page

Type the text double-spaced with all sections following each other

Identify the sources you use in the paper in parenthetical in-text citations

Format tables and figures

Reference Page

Center the title

(References) at the top of the page. Do Double-space reference entries

Flush left the first line of the entry and indent subsequent

Invert author’s names (last name first followed by initials: ᾿Smith, J.Q.῀)

Alphabetize reference list entries the last name of the first author

Examples

Book, single author

*In text

Sproule (2012) argues, “referencing should be taught early on so that students are aware of how to use it effectively” (p. 70).

*On the Reference Page it would look as follows:

Sproule, S. (2012). Learning how to reference. Cloyne, ON: Upper Canada Editions.

Examples

Citing personal communication (ie: something your teacher says, an interview, a letter)

* In text

Most graduate students agree that professional development is a vital part of their training (personal communication, t. Wilson, November 22, 1991).

* On your reference page

These are not included on your reference list because they do not provide recoverable data

Example

Journal Article

* In text

Cells can be found in many tissues, the just cannot be seen (Snider, 2010)

* Reference page

Sproule, S. (2010). Cells and the Human Body. Journal of Science, 60, 210-212.

When the parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them in the same way they appear in the reference list the author’s name, the year of publication separated by a semi-colon.

Example: (Kachru, 2005; Smith, 2008)

Mix IT UP!!!!

When referencing in-text you do not just need to put the reference at the end of the of the sentence in brackets; you can ….

For example:

Sproule (2013) argues that …..

It has been state by Sproule and her colleagues (2013) that …

Hunting has been found to be a great family activity (Sproule, 2013).

How Should I keep Track?

Ideas of how to keep track of your referencing to make it easier to follow

Number articles; insert numbers in-text before final referencing

Reference as you go along

Keep reference page up-to-date as you add in a new reference

DO NOT wait until the end to go back and find the references you used.

Referencing Guide

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/

The referencing guide is very helpful because there are SO many different situations and scenarios that you may encounter it is impossible to list them all. You are best to always check and reference this guide.

MLA

See booklets

Very similar to APA but some differences you should be aware of

Follow the Booklet

Great examples

Good for post secondary

Important for demonstrating credit for work

Could be put on academic probation for improper referencing