Post on 24-Dec-2015
transcript
AnalogiesRelationships Between Words
Analogies are based on relationships between word pairs.
There is often more than one way to build a relationship between pairs of words.
What are the different ways these words can be related?
fish, fin, fly, worm, swim, wing, bird
Analogies: Seeing Relationships
fish/swim (swim is the action that a fish does)
bird/________ (What is the action that a bird does)
bird/fly
These are object to action analogies.
Analogies: Seeing Relationships
fin/fish A fin is part of a fish.
wing/_____ (What is a wing part of?) wing/bird
These are part to whole analogies.
Analogies: Seeing Relationships
fin/swim (How is fin related to swim?)
wing/______ (What word relates to wing in the same way?)
wing/fly
The first word is something used to do the second word.
These are tool to use analogies.
Analogies: Seeing Relationships
An analogy is a comparison between two word pairs.
The key to understanding analogies is to focus on the relationship between the word pairs.
What is an Analogy?
In each pair of the analogy, the first animal is a specific kind of the second.
A guppy is a kind of fish. A hawk is a kind of bird.
These are examples of specific example to a general category analogies.
The relationship between to two pairs should be clear.
guppy is to fish AS hawk is to bird
Analogies can be written in words or in symbols. The colon (dots) replace the words.
hawk is to bird AS guppy is to fish hawk : bird :: guppy : fish
Both of these analogies read: A hawk is related to a bird in the same way as a guppy is related to a fish.
Clues to Reading Analogies
Look at the parts of speech used in each word pair. The type of words used give you a clue as to the type of
relationship shown.
In an analogy with a kind of relationship, the words are all nouns. (specific example to general category)
pear : fruit :: squash : vegetable
In an object/action analogy, the first word is a noun (the object), and the second word is a verb (the action).
bird : chirp :: dog : bark
Clues to Reading Analogies
1. Object (tool) to the Action (use) In each pair, the first word is a tool used
for the activity (second word). book : read :: pencil : write
2. Word to its Opposite (antonym) In each pair, the first word means the
opposite of the second word. hot : cold :: day : night
Types of Analogies
3. Part to Whole The first word is a part of a whole thing,
second word. athlete : team :: spectator : audience
4. Cause to Effect The first word is the cause, the second word
is the effect. teasing : quarrel :: speeding : ticket
Types of Analogies
5. Kind of (general category/specific example)
The first word is a general category, and the second word is a specific example.
beetle: ladybug:: butterfly: monarch
6. Object to Material The first word is the object, the second word
is what it is made up of. bottle : plastic :: shirt : cotton
Types of Analogies
7. Synonyms In each pair, the first word means the same
as the second word. satchel : bag :: crate : box
8. Male to Female In each pair, the male and female is
compared. bull : cow :: rooster : hen
Types of Analogies
Analogy = a way of showing that the relationship between one pair of words is similar to the relationship between a second pair of words
ExampleThe relationship between a writer and a pen
is similar to the relationship between a painter and a brush.
Practice with Analogies
ExampleThe relationship between a writer and a
pen is similar to the relationship between a painter and a brush.
A writer is to a pen as a painter is to a brush.
ExampleA writer is to a pen AS a painter is to a brush.
writer : pen :: painter : brush
delicate : fragile :: sturdy : strong Word : Synonym
balloon : rise :: ball : throw Object : Action
rich : poor :: happy : sad Word : Antonym
ink : pen :: lead: pencil Part : Whole
Name the Analogy
boy: girl :: gander : goose Male : Female
ring : silver :: tray : styrofoam Object : Material
class : math :: school : Baker General : Specific
effort : success :: sleep : energy Cause : Effect
Name the Analogy
On your paper, write down the 8 different typesof analogies and create your own. 1. object : action2. word : antonym3. part : whole4. cause : effect5. general : specific6. object : material7. word : synonym8. male : female
Can You Write Your Own Analogies?
Fold your paper in half and make a two column chart. On the left hand side, label it “Relationship”. On the right hand side, label it “Answer”.
Relationship Answer
Number 1-40 on each side. With your partner, read each card and determine the relationship
between the words. Record this on the left hand side of your chart.
Once you have determined the relationship, complete the analogy. Record this on the right hand side of your chart.
Analogy Cards
Analogy Relationships
Antonyms
Part to Whole Whole to Part
Object to Action Action to Object
Male to Female Female to Male
Synonyms
Object to Material Material to Object
Cause to Effect Effect to Cause
Specific to General
General to Specific
Add Ax Big Boat Brush City Diet Discuss Eat Feather
Freeze Happines
s Insect Mars Picture Quick Rough Sand Sentence Support
Antonyms Synonyms
Part to Whole Whole to Part
Object to Action Action to Object
Cause to Effect Effect to Cause
Specific to General General to Specific
Word Bank for Analogies 1 - 40