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Smart Cities

1 GS ET: Introduction

Objectives, Definition, MOOC

Exercise 1: QUA-KIT

Definitions Context

Smart Objects, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities

3 GS: Urban Big Data

Stocks and Flows in Urban Systems

4 GS ET: Urban Measurement

Measurement and Simulation

Exercise 2: Urban Measurement

5 GS: Urban Science

Citizen Design Science

6 GS: Complexity Science

Complexity Science

Exercise 3: QUA-KIT

7 GS: Smart Governance

Participatory Design and Management

8 GS: Smart Livability

City Livability Rankings

10 GS: From smart cities to responsive citiesFrom smart cities to responsive cities

Final presentation on MOOC discussion topics

The story so far: • 6.3.2017 Big Data as new urban raw material, made useful with

Information Architecture and with the Stocks and Flows concept • 27.2.2017 From smart houses to smart cities – emerging criteria

for smart cities as urban systems • 20.2.2017 Cities are complex systems. Ideally, they are

sustainable, resilient, livable, smart, and finally responsive – from production machines to human habitat

Big Data

Big Data• In 2017, more than 15 billion Internet of

Things devices routinely record where we are, what we do and with whom we communicate

• Those Data can be recorded and analysed with increasing ease

• They thus become a new raw material for Information Architecture

www.satw.ch

Big Data - 4V• Volume: very large amounts of data • Variety: diverse types and sources of

data • Velocity: rapid increase of data volume • Veracity: insecurity regarding quality and

meaning

www.satw.ch

Case Study: Songdo

Big Data from observations

https://datafloq.com/read/smart-city-future-bring-big-data-level/183

Case Study: Zürich

(Big) Data from simulation

In the next 30 years, urban living and working space for 2 Billion people is needed, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The present way to build cities does not scale. Needed: A massive change of perception and behaviour.

Motivation

Urban Metabolism

Understand the city to behave as a dynamic and complex system

Read and model this system in terms of Stocks and Flows

Recognise Urban Stocks as basic elements of the urban metabolism and as locally available resources

Stocks and Flows - Origins

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/StockFlow.gif

Stocks and Flows: People and Health

Stocks and Flows: Water and Capital -

Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials

Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials

Stocks and Flows: Energy and Materials

Stocks and Flows: Space and Density -

Examples for Urban Stocks and Flows

• People and Health

• Water and Capital

• Energy and Materials

• Space and Density

• InformationStocks and Flows: Transportation and Information - Behaviour

Big Data – SATW Ethical Values1. Protection of privacy 2. Eqality and non-discrimination, no monopolies 3. Personal decision on data use, agreement necessary 4. Control over own digital identity, corrections 5. Transparency – especially concerning algorithms 6. Solidarity – especially in insurances 7. Contextual integrity – especially business/private 8. Ownership and intellectual property of data

www.satw.ch

The ETH Future Cities Laboratory in Singapore

Scales, Stocks and Flows

SMALL BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

MEDIUM URBAN DESIGN

LARGE TERRITORIAL PLANNING

LOW EXERGY

DIGITAL FABRICATION

A/P ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION

TRANSFORMING & MINING URBAN STOCKS

URBAN DESIGN STRATEGIES & RESOURCES

A/P ARCHITECTURE & URBAN PLANNING

TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY

MOBILITY & TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

A/P ARCHITECTURE & TERRITORIAL PLANNING

SIMULATION PLATFORM

SPACE ENERGY MATERIALS PEOPLE CAPITAL WATER INFORMATION

URBAN SOCIOLOGY

HOUSING

Reclaiming Backlanes – Boat Quay

Low Exergy

Prof. Dr. Arno Schlueter

3-for-2 @ UWC

From research to first application: 3-for-2 concept as a 600 m2 living lab at new UWC megablock

Low Exergy

Prof. Dr. Arno Schlueter

UWC megablock 3-for-2 project space

Using robotic technology to design models of high-rise buildings.

Digital Fabrication Prof. Fabio Gramazio Prof. Matthias Kohler

Image source: Bas Princen

Research Modules

Back to Stocks & Flows

Bamboo Concrete

Benefits of Bamboo as a construction material: • Grows in most developing countries • Tensile strength is double that of construction steel • Produced as a composite material, it could be used as

reinforcement in concrete structures • It is a renewable resource, cheap, light and strong

Research question: Can bamboo fibers be used to replace steel as a reinforcement material in concrete? SMART Innovation Grant awarded in March 2013

An Interdisciplinary Case Study on the Development of Singapore Public Housing Typologies (1960-Present).

HousingProf. Sacha Menz

Image source: Module X

Exploring the preservation and conservation of heritage buildings.

Transforming & Mining Urban Stocks Prof. Dr Uta Hassler

Image source: Module III

Research Modules

Back to Stocks & Flows

Transforming and Mining Urban Stocks

Prof. Dr. Uta Hassler | Presenter: Iris Belle

2,000

6,000

10,000

Rochor+ building footprints map regression

1846 1930s 1970s1893 2008

Iris Belle, Uta Hassler, Ankur Choudhury, in preparation

District scaleRochor+ survival rate

Investigating the notion of centralities in the city, and the role of the airport with respect to mobility, migration and infrastructure.

Urban Design Strategies & Resources Prof. Kees Christiaanse

Image source: Max Hirsh

Research Modules

Back to Stocks & Flows

Comparative studies of cities.Urban Sociology Prof. Dr Christian Schmid

Image source: Module V

Research Modules

Back to Stocks & Flows

Mitigating poverty through building sustainable towns.

Territorial Organisation Prof. Dr Marc Angélil

Image source: Module VI

Research Modules

Back to Stocks & Flows

Understanding and improving the future of urban rivers.

Landscape Ecology Prof. Christophe Girot

Image source: Derek Vollmer

Research Modules

Back to Stocks & Flows

Studying urban transport systems to maximize efficiency.

Mobility & Transportation Planning Prof. Dr Kay Axhausen

Image source: Module VIII

Research Modules

Back to Stocks & Flows

MATSPaaS – Multi-Agent Transport Simulation Platform as a Service

MATSim Singapore

Summary• Stocks and flows are a fundamental concept to

understand cities and to develop them further • Big Data is part of the Stocks and Flows of

Information – in the sense of Information Architecture, it becomes a new raw material

• The ethical aspects of using Big Data will determine its acceptance in the future