seminar 19

transcript

Welcome

Sk Sadikur RahamanReg:15-06872

Session : January- June/ 2014Department of Horticulture

Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University

Micro-propagation for commercial cut flowers

What is micropropagation

Micropropagation is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on nutrient suitable media under controlled aseptic physical conditions.

What is micropropagation

Micropropagation is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on nutrient suitable media under controlled aseptic physical conditions.

Objective:

Idea on prospect of micro propagation for commercial cut flowers production

Methods and materials

Discussion:

Major flower production belt Ornamental plants growing area

Bangladesh District map

Fig. 2: Flower Market Development in Bangladesh Md. Reza Ahmed Khan, Assistant Chief, DAM

Different flowers comes to, Agargaon and Shahbagh 2-3 lakh taka/ per day

Major flower production belt Ornamental plants growing area

Bangladesh District map

4000 retail

shops of flowers

40% in Dhaka

25% in Chittagong and Sylhet

10% in other

district towns

Nusrat, 20129

Fig. 2: Flower Market Development in Bangladesh Md. Reza Ahmed Khan, Assistant Chief, DAM

Export-import trend of cut flowers of Bangladesh

Gross return and net return of different flowers practiced by the farmers.

Well suited for commercial

flower cultivation

Development of cut flowers production

Seed are not viable

Due to climatic condition

Problems:

Seed are not viable

Due to climatic condition

Imported seed

Seedling import from India

Seedling import from Thailand

Germplasm

Bangladesh has to spend

Tk. 2-3 million

Germplasm

Solution:

Plant Tissue Culture 26

Why micro propagation?

Important Factors:

Dedifferentiation:Capacity of mature cells to return to meristematic condition

For explant:

Important Factors:

Totipotency: The potentiality of a plant cell to develop into an entire plant if suitably stimulated.

For explant:

Important Factors:

Competency:The endogenous potential of a given cells or tissue to develop in a particular way

For explant:

Explant Source: younger, Less differentiated,

the better for tissue culture

Important Factors:

Growth Media:Minerals, Growth factors, Carbon source, Hormones.

Hormones:Auxin : Stimulates root Cytokinin : Stimulates Shoot

Auxin ↓ Cytokinin = Root

Cytokinin ↓ Auxin = Shoot

Auxin = Cytokinin = Callus

Important Factors:

Kinetin (KIN)

Source: Nitsch et al., 1967; Jain and Ochatt, 2010

Cytokinin

Axillary shoot Proliferation

Shoot length and number

Stimulate

Increase

Environmental Factors:

Light,

Temperature,

Photoperiod,

Sterility

Important Factors:

Different stages of tissue culture

Fig.5: Stages of tissue culture

Stage-l

Stage-ll

Stage-lV

Stage-0

Stage-lll

Germplasm storage

Embryo rescue

Ovule and ovary cultures

Callus and protoplast culture

Protoplasmic fusion

In vitro screening

Multiplication

Development of superior cultivars

Type of plant tissue culture

Seed culture

Meristem culture

Type of meristem culture

Protoplast culture

Organ culture

Shoot tips culture

Leaf culture

Flower culture

Anther culture Ovary culture Ovule culture

Anther culture

Pollen culture

Embryo culture

Advantages of Micro propagation

A large number of plants can be produced in a very short time 56

The plantlets will be clones of the mother plant

Virus free plant

Elimination of virusesPlant from the field

Pre-growth in the greenhouse

‘Virus-free’ Plants

Heat treatment35oC / months

Activegrowth

Meristem culture

Micropropagation cycle

Virus testing

AdventitiousShoot formation

Rapidly propagation

Continuous propagation year round

Micro propagation applications

Rapid increase of stock of new varieties

Elimination of diseases

Cloning of plant types not easily propagated by conventional methods

Propagules have enhanced growth features

Limitation:

Initial set up is very expensive

High cost of laboratory materials

Somaclonal variation

Lack of expertise

Contamination3863

Limitation:

Lack of expertise

Contamination

Cost will be minimize after few years of

commercial production

Limitation:

Lack of expertise

Contamination

Enrich germplasm collection

Increase variety

Limitation:

Lack of expertise

Contamination

Enrich germplasm collection

Increase variety

Can be trained up by using foreign collaboration

Conclusion:

Few types of flower -with few cultivar

Cause dependency about propagating material

Introduce new type of flower and propagating material

Propagation of elite variety

Recommendation

Strengthen the research capabilities to help develop new, improved varieties

Introduce new varieties from similar growing ecologies and test their performance and adoptability

Organize its multiplication at DAE , for making them available to farmers.

Government should take initiative to build tissue culture lab in every district

Thanks To All

Somaclonal Variation Variation found in somatic cells dividing mitotically

in culture A general phenomenon of all plant regeneration

systems that involve a callus phase Variation in trait(s) generated by use of a tissue-

culture cycle Genetic variations in plants that have been

produced by plant tissue culture and can be detected as genetic or phenotypic traits

Two general types of Somaclonal Variation:– Heritable, genetic changes (alter the DNA)– Stable, but non-heritable changes (alter gene

expression,epigenetic)

Genetic (Heritable Variations)•Pre-existing variations in the somatic cells of explant

•Caused by mutations and other DNA changes

•Occur at high frequency

•Variations generated during tissue culture•Caused by temporary phenotypic changes•Occur at low frequency

Epigenetic (Non-heritable Variations)

Causes of Somaclonal Variations

Physiological Cause

Genetic Cause

Biochemical Cause

1. Change in chromosome number2. Change in chromosome structure3. Gene Mutation4. Extrachomosomal gene mutation5. Transposable element activation6. DNA sequence

Genetic Cause

Change in DNA Detection of altered fragment size by using Restriction enzyme

Change in Protein Loss or gain in protein band Alteration in level of specific protein

Methylation of DNA Methylation inactivates transcription process

DNA sequence

Advantages of Somaclonal Variations

• Help in crop improvement• Creation of additional genetic

varitaions• Increased and improved production

of secondary metabolites• Selection of plants resistant to

various toxins, herbicides, high salt concentration and mineral toxicity

• Suitable for breeding of perrenial species 76

Multiplication in controlled laboratorium conditions

• Plant tissue is grown in nutrient dishes

under laboratory conditions

• Tissue with cell division function used –

growing tips

• A high volume of small plants can be

produced in a short space of time

• High production cost

Micro-propagation

http://manoa.hawaii.edu

http://dbtmicropropagation.nic.in

• Sexual – seed

• Pollination of female flowers/flower

• New plants may vary from parents –

not identical

• Opportunity to raise new plant

cultivars/varieties

• Vegetative – using plant parts – not

• Leaf, stem, root, shoot, bud, tubers,

bulbs...

• Identical to parent plant

• Used to retain specific plant

characteristics

Types of Propagation

www.rhs.org.uk

What is Propagation?

A method of producing new plants.

In commercial horticulture it is a specialised sector that includes seed breeders, young plant nurseries

and a wide range of suppliers.

Knowing how to propagate or manage young plants is essential for all horticultural businesses.

• Most common horticultural methods are

seed or cuttings

• Other methods include grafting, budding,

division and micro-propagation.

Methods of Propagation

seminar 19

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