Post on 10-Apr-2018
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Sentence Variety
Please practice utilizing these nine
sentence patterns throughout the
semester. Good sentence varietykeeps writing from becoming dull.
Understanding these sentence
patterns will improve your ability tocommunicate.
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Sentence Variety
#1 Simple Sentence
Spock drank a Pepsi.
Alfred bought a diamond ring for
his lovely wife Thuy.
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Sentence Variety
Both of the sentences are simple
sentences because they each only
have one clause. The second may
have more adjectives and adverbs, but
it is still a simple sentence.Sub Verb Art Adj Do/ noun prep PN
Alfred bought a diamond ring for hisAdv Adj Ido / Proper Noun
lovely wife Thuy.
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Sentence Variety
#2 Compound Subject / Verb / Object
A compound sentence has two subjects
or two verbs or both.Kirk and Spock drank Pepsi.
Spock slurped and gulped his drink.
Spock drank Pepsi and Diet Pepsi.Note: There are no commas in these
sentences
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Sentence Variety
Sentences utilizing a compound
subject, verb, or object are still simple
sentences because they only have oneclause. A clause is a phrase that
contains both a subject and a verb. It is
possible to have a sentence that has a
compound subject, verb, and object.
Kirk and Spock ate and drank pizza and
Pepsi.
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Sentence Variety
Please dont confuse a sentence with acompound verb with a compoundsentence.
Compound Verb
Spock drank Pepsi and belched loudly.Compound Sentence
Spock drank Pepsi, and he belched loudly.
A compound sentence must have a subjecton both sides of the coordinatingconjunction.
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Sentence Variety
#3 Compound or Coordinate Sentence
A compound sentence uses one of theseven coordinating conjunctions (and,
but, or, for, nor, so, yet) and connectstwo complete simple sentences. Eachhalf of the sentence is equally importantto the meaning of the sentence. Thecoordinating conjunction must beproceeded by a comma.
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Sentence VarietyThe seven coordinating conjunctionsare also known as FONYBAS words. IfThese words are written out, the first
letter of each one spells FONYBAS.ForOrNor
YetButAndSo
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Sentence Variety
Joining two simple sentences togetherwith a semicolon does not create astrong sentence; however, it does
create a sentence that is awkward anddifficult to understand. This type ofsentence may have worked in HighSchool, but college instructors expect
well developed sentences.I hate semicolons!
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Sentence Variety
The chicken got well; we had salad.
These two sentences seem to be
completely unrelated when joined witha semicolon.
The chicken got well, so we had salad.
When joined with a coordinatingconjunction, the sentences meaning is
more clear.
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Sentence Variety
Each time the coordinating conjunction
is changed the meaning also changes.
The chicken got well, forwe had salad.The chicken got well, yetwe had salad.
The chicken got well, butwe had salad.
The chicken got well, andwe had salad.The chicken got well, so we had salad.
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Sentence Variety
sub verb art obj C.C. Sub verb obj.
Spock drank a Pepsi, and he enjoyed it.
This is a compound sentence because
it has a complete sentence on both
sides of the coordinating conjunction,
the sentences make sense together,and the coordinating conjunction makes
sense with the sentences.
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Sentence Variety
Spockdrank a Pepsi, orhe enjoyed it.
Spock drank a Pepsi, norhe enjoyed it.
These are examples of faulty
coordination since the coordinatingconjunction does not make sense withthe sentences it is connecting.
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Sentence Variety
Spock drank a Pepsi, so computers hate
people who have poor usage skills.
This is another example of faulty
coordination because these two
sentences dont make any logical
sense together.
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Sentence Variety
#4 Expletive Sentence
An expletive construction consists of
there or it plus a form of the verbbe.
There was a man from Orlando.
It is a good day to study English.
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Sentence VarietyForms of Be
I am
You are
He/She/It IsI was
You were
He/She/It was
I will beWe/They are
We/They will be
I/You/They have been
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Sentence Variety
Expletive sentences should be used
sparingly. They tend to be wordy and
they have weak subjects and verbs.
There was a man who drank Pepsi.
The subject of this sentence is there,
and the verb is was. Both of theseare weak words. Avoid using be
verbs whenever possible.
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Sentence Variety
#5 Infinitive phrase
An infinitive phrase consists of To
plus a verb.
To go into space was Captain Kirks Dream.
If a word interrupts the infinitive phrase,
it is called a split infinitive.To boldlygo where no man has gone before.
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Sentence Variety
#6 Appositive
An appositive renames a noun in asentence, usually the subject of thesentence. This helps to make thesignificance of the noun more clear. Anappositive is usually separated from thesentence by a comma.
A monster-dog, a two-hundred pound
German Shepherd, stole my lunch.
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Sentence Variety
There are two types of appositives,
essential or restrictive and nonessential
or nonrestrictive.
A nonrestrictive appositive may be
removed from the sentence without
changing the meaning of the sentence.
To indicate that it can be removed, it isset apart with commas.
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Sentence Variety
If a restrictive or essential appositive is
removed, the meaning of the sentence
will change. Since a restrictiveappositive is essential to the meaning
of the sentence, it is not separated by
commas.
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Sentence Variety
Students who use debit cards eat more fast
food.
Missy a lazy dog chased three parked cars.
Cars with bad spark plugs get poor gasmileage.
Anna a good student studied English all night.
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Sentence Variety
Students who use debit cards eat more fast
food.
Restrictive or EssentialMissy a lazy dog chased three parked cars.
Nonrestrictive or Nonessential
Cars with bad spark plugs get poor gasmileage.
Restrictive or Essential
Anna a good student studied English all night.
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Sentence Variety
We will discuss restrictive and
nonrestrictive modifiers in greater detail
later in the semester.
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Sentence Variety#7 Subordinate or Complex Sentence
Complex sentences consist of adependent clause and an independentclause. The independent clause is the
important part of the sentence. Thesubordinate clause is only additionalinformation. There are many varietiesof this sentence. A comma separates
the dependent clause from theindependent clause when thedependant clause precedes theindependent clause.
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Sentence Variety
Dependent clauses are created by
placing either a subordinating word or a
relative pronoun in front of a sentence.
independent clause
Spock drank a Pepsi.
dependent clause
When Spock drank a Pepsi.
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Sentence Variety
Common subordinating words include:as because If after since provided before where
unless whether while oncewhen although so that untilthough whenever than as if
Common relative pronouns include:which what who thatwhom whatever whoever
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Sentence Variety
When Spock drank a Pepsi.
This is a dependent clause because it
doesnt express a complete thought
and must rely upon an independent
clause to give it meaning. When Spock
drank a Pepsi, what happened?
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Sentence Variety
dependent clause independent clause
When Spock drank a Pepsi, he slapped Mr.Sulu.
When the dependent clause comesfirst, separate the clauses with acomma.
Independent clause dependent clause
Spock drank a Pepsi when he slapped Mr.Sulu.
When the independent clause comesfirst no comma is necessar .
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Sentence Variety
#8 Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase begins with a
preposition and ends with an object. A
preposition is a word with some
meaning of position, time, or other
abstract relation. Words like above,
below, near, far, from, of, to, after,before, and until are all prepositions.
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Sentence Variety
Afterlunch, the Universe exploded.
In this example, afteris the preposition,
and lunch is the object of thepreposition. The noun or pronoun that
follows the preposition is object of the
preposition that makes up the
prepositional phrase.
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Sentence Variety
#9 Conjunctive Adverb
Two independent clauses joined by a
conjunctive adverb. Each independent
clause must be a sentence with a
subject and a verb. A semicolon
precedes the conjunctive adverb and a
comma follows it.We saw a StarTrek double feature; hence,we
were labeled Trekies by our coworkers.
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Sentence VarietyCommon Conjunctive Adverbs
Accordingly
Also
Anyway
Besides
Certainly
Consequently
FinallyFurthermore
Hence
However
Incidentally
Indeed
Instead
Likewise
MeanwhileMoreover
Nevertheless
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Sentence Variety
A writer should only use a conjunctive
adverb when she wants to get her
readers attention. Conjunctive adverbs
force the reader to pause and payattention to the sentence; however, if
conjunctive adverbs are overused, they
lose their impact upon the reader.
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Sentence Variety
Please practice with these sentence
patterns whenever writing a essay.
Understanding how and when to use
these types of sentences will improvethe coherence of your writing.
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Sentence Variety
The End