Post on 22-Dec-2015
transcript
Composition of Blood
• Blood is responsible for…..– Transporting gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide)– Transporting waste products – Transporting nutrients– Helping remove toxins from the body
Composition of Blood
• Blood makes up 6–8% of our total body weight.
• Normal adult blood volume is 5 L.
• Blood is made up of cellular material in a fluid called plasma.
Composition of Blood
• Blood is a circulating tissue consisting of three types of cells.1. Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes2. White Blood Cells Leukocytes3. Platelets Thrombocytes
• The cells listed above are suspended in a liquid known as plasma.
Composition of Blood: Red Blood Cells
• Red Blood Cells— AKA: Erythrocytes or RBCs
— Most abundant cell in the blood (4 million – 6 million per microliter of blood)
— Formed in the bone marrow
—Main function is transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
http://www.giantmicrobes.com/us/products/redbloodcell.html
Composition of Blood: White Blood Cells
• White blood cells — AKA: Leukocytes or WBCs
— Largest sized blood cells
— Lowest numbers in the blood (4,500 – 11,000 per microliter)
— Formed in the bone marrow and some in lymph glands
— Primary cells of the immune system
— Fights disease and foreign invaders
http://www.giantmicrobes.com/us/products/whitebloodcell.html
Composition of Blood: Platelets
• Platelets — Involved in the clotting process
— Seal wounds and prevent blood loss
— Help repair damaged vessels
— 150,000 – 400,000 per microliter of blood
—Platelets stain bluish with reddish or purple granules
Blood Evidence• Blood spatter – Can be analyzed to determine
patterns that give investigators clues to how a crime might have happened.
• Blood droplets – Can be analyzed to give clues to the location of a crime, movement of a victim, and type of weapon.
• Blood samples – Can be analyzed to determine blood type and DNA, which can be matched to possible suspects.
Microscopic Views
Bird Blood
Cat Blood
Dog Blood
Fish Blood
Frog Blood
Snake BloodHuman Blood
Horse Blood
Blood Typing Definitions• Antibody- a protein that identifies foreign
matter by shape and begins immune response• Antigen- a foreign small molecule that the
body can attack with an antibody• Agglutination- clumping that occurs in blood
when antibodies connect to antigens on different red blood cells forming a meshwork.
ABO blood types
Possible blood types: A, B, AB, and O+ or – for each8 total possibilities
One gene with three possible alleles controls ABOA B or O
A separate gene determines +/-
ABO blood types
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm
Blood type describes the proteins called antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.
The letter(s) in the blood type indicate(s) the antigens on the red blood cell
Antibodies and ABO blood types
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm
The body makes antibodies to all the antigens not on its own RBC.
Genetics of Blood Types
• Your blood type is established before you are BORN, by specific GENES inherited from your parents.
• You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one from your FATHER.
• These genes determine your blood type by causing proteins called AGGLUTINOGENS to exist on the surface of all of your red blood cells.
Blood Transfusions
Red Blood Cell Donation or Whole Blood Donation
We transfuse in the red blood cells and antigens of the donor.Universal Donors: TYPE O blood has no antigens
is not recognized as foreign
Universal Recipients: TYPE AB blood has no antibodiesdoes not recognize other blood as foreign
Rh + Can receive + or - Rh - Can only receive -
(plasma transfusion is different)
Rh Factors
A+ A-B+ B-
AB+ AB-O+ O-
http://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html
If a person is Rh +/- or +/+ the RBC also have D antigenA person with a positive blood type
can receive blood transfusion from positive or negA person with a negative blood type
can receive blood transfusion from neg only
Rh antigens can cross the placental barrier. Pregnant women who are Rh Neg get a shot to prevent mounting an immune response to a fetus with Rh Pos