Thought Question

What’s the difference between the use of walking in these 2 sentences?

1. “The sailor was walking in the forum”

2. “I saw a sailor walking in the forum.”

What is a Participle?

A participle is a verbal adjective.

In other words, it’s a verb that is turned into an adjective.

In English For present participles, we usually

add an ‘-ing’ to the end of a Verb to make a Participle.

Can you give me examples?

What does the participle do? What does a participle tell us?

The singing poetThe ruling kingThe learning studentThe student learning the present

participlerunning bulllaughing cowThe people running in the streets are

crazy.

Which words do you think are Participles in the Latin?

Given these two participles, what markers does Latin have for the Participle? (like the ‘ing’ in English)

Which words do you think are Participles in the Latin?

Yes, it’s the ‘-nt’ before an ending.

How to Form Present Participles

1. Go to the second principal part of 1st, 2nd and regular 3rd conjugation verbs.

2. Drop the ‘-re’3. Add ‘-ns’ and ‘-ntis’ for the nominative

and genitive singular forms. The rest of the cases decline like a 3rd Declension Adjective.

Examples:amare: amans, amantis, amanti, amantem,

amanti (-e)manere: manens, manentis, manenti,

manentem,agere: agens, agentis, agenti, agentem,

etc.

How to Form Present Participles

1. Go to the second principal part, and drop the ‘-re’.

2. Add:Nom. -ns -ntes (-ntia)Gen. -ntis -ntiumDat. -nti -ntibusAccus. -ntem (-ns) -ntes (-ntia)Abl. -nti /-nte -ntibus

-io Verb Exception1. Go to the second principal part.2. Drop the ‘-ere’ or the ‘-ire’3. Add ‘-iens’ and ‘-ientis’ for the

nominative and genitive singular forms. The rest of the cases decline like a 3rd Declension Adjective.

Examples:fugio, fugere: fugiens, fugientis, fugienti,

etc.

audio, audire: audiens, audientis, audienti, audientem, etc.

-io Verb Exception1. Go to the second principal part,

and drop the ‘-ere’ or the ‘-ire’2. Add:

Nom. -iens -ientes (-ientia)Gen. -ientis -ientiumDat. -ienti -ientibusAccus. -ientem (-iens) -ientes (-ientia)Abl. -ienti /-iente -ientibus

The Key in Translation

If you see a verb stem with an ‘ns’ or an ‘nt’ before a 3rd Declension ending, you know you’re dealing with a Present Participle.

A participle can have an object

rex cenam edens =The king eating dinnerThe king who is eating

dinner