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CHAPTER 5: NOMENCLATURE

Ms. Doshi

Lead Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Romans in the Roman Empire

Boiled wine in a lead-lined vessel-makes sapa syrup.-major part of sapa syrup: lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2

-common name: sugar acetate because of its sweet tasteLead may have caused the fall of the Roman Empire because many people had lead poisoning. Many people think lead poisoning caused mental disease.

Today, we can get lead poisoning from our water systems. Lead-based solder were used to connect copper pipes. When water runs through these copper pipes, lead enters the water and we can drink it.

Naming Compounds

Before we had a system, we had many common names for compounds. Examples of common names: sugar, gypsum, laughing gasBUTthere are more than 4 million chemical compounds, so scientists created a system for naming compounds.

Binary Compounds

binary compound-compound with 2 elements

There are two classes: 1.compound with a metal and nonmetal2.compound with 2 nonmetals

Binary Ionic Compoundbinary ionic compound-contains a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion)

binary ionic compound = cation + anion

Memorization Aid: Anion has a “n” in it. “n” is the beginning letter in negative. The anion is the negative ion.

Type I cations

Examples: Na+, Ca2+, Cs+, Al3+

These metal ions only form one cation. The Na atom can only form Na+, never Na2+

Found in Group 1, Group 2 elements of the periodic table, and some Group 3 elements, like aluminum and gallium.

Type II cations

Examples: Cr atom can form Cr2+ and Cr3+

Cu atom can form Cu+ and Cu2+

These atoms can form two(or more) cations that have different charges.

Occurs most often with transition metals.

Memorize this!Common cations and anions and their names.

Looking at the Periodic Table

Naming Type I Ionic Compounds1. Name the cation first, then the anion. 2. A simple cation takes its name from the

elementExample: Na+ is sodium

3. A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name (root) and adding

–ide. Example: Cl- is chloride

Now you try:

Name these Type 1 Binary Compounds:NaICaOKICaSCsBrMgO

Example 5.1 & Exercise 5.1

Name each binary compound:a)CsFb)AlCl3

c)MgI2

d)Rb2O

e)SrI2

f)K2S

Charges-Let’s Review

The net charge on an ionic compound is always zero!

a)CsFb)AlCl3

c)MgI2

p.119

Type II Binary Ionic CompoundsMetals that form more than 1 type of metal:Examples:lead (Pb) can be Pb2+ or Pb4+

iron (Fe) can be Fe2+ or Fe3+

chromium (Cr) can be Cr2+ or Cr3+

gold(Au) can be Au+ or Au3+

What is gold chloride?

Is it AuCl or AuCl3?

We don’t know. So we need a different naming system for Type II metals.

Looking at the Periodic Table

Example FeCl2

Look at charges on cation to name the compound. We know: Fe can be Fe2+ or Fe3+

(?+) + 2(1-) = 0We know: ? =2because (2+) + 2(1-) = 0Therefore, the compound must have one Fe2+ ion and two Cl- ions.And is called iron(II) chloride.

Example PbO2 Look at charges on cation to name the compound. Now look at PbO2

(?+) + 2(2-) = 0We know: ? =4because (4+) + 2(2-) = 0Therefore, the charge on the lead ion is 4+ to balance the 4- charge of the two oxide ions. The name of PbO2 is lead(IV) oxide.

Rules for naming Type II Ionic Compounds

1. Name the cation first and the anion second. 2. The cation can have more than one charge.

Always show the charge in Roman numerals.

Now, you try:

Give the systematic name of each of the following compounds:

a) CuClb) HgOc) Fe2O3

d) MnO2

e) PbCl4

f) CoBr2

g)CaCl2

h)Al2O3

i)CrCl3

Extra Practice!

Give the systematic name of each of the following compounds:

Flow Chart to Help!

Naming Binary Compounds that contain only Nonmetals (Type III)

Rules: The first element is named first, and the full element name is used first.

The second element is named, like an anion.

Prefixes are used to show the number of atoms.

The prefix –mono is NEVER used to name the first element.

Looking at the Periodic Table

Now, you try

Name the following binary compounds, which contain two nonmetals (Type III):a) BF3

b) NOc) N2O3

d) CCl4

e) NO2

f) IF5

Naming Type III Binary Compounds: Summary

Review

Type I: Ionic compounds with metals that always from a cation with the same charge. Type II:Ionic compounds with metals (usually transition metals) that form cations with various charges. Type III: Compounds that contain ONLY nonmetals.

Summary (You do it)

Name the following binary compounds.

Name the following binary compounds.

a)CuOb)SrOc)B2O3

d)TiCl4e)K2Sf) OF2

g)NH3

a)CIF3

b)VF5

c)CuCld)MnO2

e)MgOf) H2O

Naming Compounds that Contain Polyatomic Ions

polyatomic ions -charged entities made of many atomsExample: NH4NO3 contains these polyatomic ions: NH4

+ and NO3-

oxyanions-polyatomic anions that contain an atom of a given element and different number of oxygen atoms.

Give for TestNeed to give memory aid to students.

Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

1. Similar to Type I binary ionic compoundsExample: NH4C2H3O2 is ammonium acetate.

2. When you see a metal that can form one or more cation, use a Roman Numeral. Similar to Type II binary ionic compounds.Example: FeSO4 is iron(II) sulfate

Now, you try!

Name the following compounds

a) Na2CO3

b) FeBr3

c) CsClO4

d) PCl3

e) CuSO4

a) NaHCO3

b) BaSO4

c) CsClO4

d) BrF5

e) NaBrf) KOClg) Zn3(PO4)2

Naming Acids

acid:-a molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion

Rules (in your textbook)

Use Rule 2

Acid Anion Name

HClO4

HClO3

HClO2

HClO

perchlorate

chlorate

chlorite

hypochlorite

perchloric acid

chloric acid

chlorous acid

hypochlorous acid

Names of acids that do not contain oxygen

Names of some acids that contain Oxygen

Write the Formulas from Names

Chapter 5 Review Questions

4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 24, 26, 28, 30, 34, 38, 42, 44, 46, 48

Answers are in your textbook!

Any Questions?Any Answers?

Any Comments?