U.S. Imperialism (1898-1914)

Spreading imperialism OR spreading democracy?

#Ilovemetaphors

This movie…or,

that?(You tell me.)

By the end of the Civil War, the U.S. is the leading industrial producer…

…and the leading agricultural exporter.

But NOT a strong political or military power.

Josiah Strong

Many people believed the U.S. should expand to benefit the economy AND to build military power.

Josiah Strong

Making the world “safe for democracy” was a common phrase.

Do people still use this phrase to describe U.S. foreign policy?

Berlin Conference of 1884–1885: Meeting at which the major European powers negotiated and formalized claims to territory in Africa; also called the Berlin West Africa Conference.

Your turn

Objective:Given a graphic organizer, students will identify and explain six thinkers and concepts that contributed to the U.S. embrace of imperialism as foreign policy.

What is going on in this painting?

Write down 3 things you see happening in this painting. Then, compare with a partner and be ready to discuss your list with the class in 5 minutes.

Manifest Destiny was a popular belief among Americans in the 1840s.

American settlers were destined to expand across (and control) the North American continent.

John O’Sullivan

The U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1848) resulted in more westward expansion for the U.S.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

Gadsden Purchase (1853)

How we came to be Tucsonans

Read and take one note per paragraph:• the first two paragraphs on page 270• left column page 272, • pages 273 and 274• bottom right page 291: “Debating the route of

the Transcontinental Railroad”

Compare the maps in the U.S. Mexican War slide then suggest in your I.N. what year Tucson likely

became part of the U.S.

Many American leaders have assumed Latin America would one day be part of the U.S.

• “I have ever looked on Cuba as the most interesting addition which could ever be made to our system of states.” --Thomas Jefferson

• Presidents Polk (1840s) and Pierce (1850s) tried to buy Cuba

In 1867, the U.S. acquired Alaska from Russia for $7.6 million.

William H. Seward

The U.S. acquisition of Alaska doubled the world’s known gold supply.

William H. Seward

Hawaii was ruled by a monarchy and was a very egalitarian society.

Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii produced sugar, and many saw it as a strategic refueling station.

Alfred T. Mahan

American sugar companies were successful and hired Chinese and Japanese laborers.

American Christian missionaries began spreading their faith in Hawaii in the 1800s.

The Bayonet Constitution of 1887 changed Hawaii forever.

King Kalakaua

In July, 1898, the U.S. annexes Hawaii, Guam, and Wake Island.

Sanford DoleHawaiian League (Committee of Safety)

President Cleveland denied annexation of Hawaii, but president McKinley supported it.

President Grover Cleveland(1893-1897)

President William McKinley (1897-1901)

In 1898, the U.S. acquired Hawaii.

Queen Liliuokalani

SUMMARIZER: Create a T-Chart in your notes (draw a line down the middle of a sheet of paper).

How did the U.S. expand?What were the REASONS for expansion? Be SPECIFIC!

President McKinley had sent the Maine to Cuba in January of 1898.

On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine is sunk off the coast of Cuba!

Some newspapers in the U.S. began running exaggerated stories about Cuba. This was known as YELLOW JOURNALISM.

We are going to look at two DIFFERENT accounts of what happened to the Maine.

• You will read TWO accounts of the sinking of the Maine, and answer questions for each reading.

• Then, you will summarize your thoughts on a chart.

• Work in a group of 4. Once you have your group established, come see me for the readings, questions, and chart.

• You will have 20 minutes to complete the readings and questions.

Which account of the sinking of the Maine is more believable and accurate?

New York Journal? New York Times?

Bell Work

You will need a pen/pencil and paper to take notes today.

1. Choose a partner sitting next to you or near you. 2. Send one partner up to me to pick up the Bell Work reading.3. Read Document B (“March of the Flag”) individually to

yourself. 4. Discuss possible answers to the questions with your partner

and then write the answers in the space provided for DOCUMENT B.

YOU HAVE 12 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THE BELL WORK

Cuba is 90 miles from Florida.

Cuba had been a Spanish colony since the 1490s.

But in 1886, Cubans began fighting for independence from Spain, and escalated in 1896.

What is the message conveyed in this cartoon? How does it describe the U.S. attitude towards Cuba?

BUT, U.S. Businesses had interests in Cuba.

And the Monroe Doctrine was still the foreign policy of the U.S.

President McKinley had sent the Maine to Cuba in January of 1898. What message was he sending?

On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine is sunk off the coast of Cuba! What role did Yellow Journalism Play?

The U.S. goes to war with Spain.

The “Rough Riders” and “Buffalo Soldiers” became famous for fighting, but for different reasons.

Most U.S. casualties in the war were from disease.

On April 19,1898, the U.S. recognizes Cuba as a free and independent country, but...

The Teller Amendment was a controversial U.S. government policy.

On August 12, 1898, Spain surrenders and gives up several territories to the U.S.

The Foraker Act (1900) established how the U.S. would control Puerto Rico.

In 1901, the U.S. changed its mind about the Teller Amendment.

• Send a partner to pick up a copy of the Platt Amendment half-sheet handout.

• With your partner, read the text of the law, then answer the 3 questions in each of your notes.

• Be prepared to write a summarizing statement about the Spanish-American War.

YOU HAVE 12 MINUTES

Summarizer!

• In your notes, write a 2-3 sentence summary of what we have learned about U.S. imperialism so far.

You must use these terms:Manifest Destiny, Monroe Doctrine, economic/business interests, military power, Yellow Journalism, Hawaii, Alaska, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

BELL WORK: Let’s Review…

1. What was the official U.S. foreign policy called in the late 1800s?

2. Why was the U.S. seeking to expand its power in the Western Hemisphere?

3. Why did the U.S. go to war with Spain in 1898?4. What territories did the U.S. acquire from the Treaty of Paris?5. What did the Platt Amendment say? Why is it significant?6. What did the Foraker Act say? Why is it significant?

Use your notes to answer these questions. You have 10 minutes!

The Philippines is located in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean.

Just like Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico, The Philippine Islands were a Spanish colony.

Also like Cuba, Philippine rebels had been fighting the Spanish for independence.

Emilio Aguinaldo

In the Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898) Spain gives up Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam, and sells the Philippines to the U.S. for

$20 million.

In the U.S. there was debate about whether or not to annex The Philippines.

President McKinley

The Philippine rebels warn the U.S. not to invade and annex their country.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Fighting between U.S. and Filipino forces begins in February, 1899.

The U.S. military and Philippine rebels battle for three years. The fighting is brutal! Filipinos engage in guerrilla warfare.

In 1902, The U.S. government passes the Philippine Government Act.

On July 4, 1946, The Philippines gain their independence.

Summarizer

Use your notes from last week and today to respond to the prompt below:

What was SIMILAR about what happened to the Philippines after Spanish rule and what happened to Cuba? What was DIFFERENT?

YOU HAVE 3 MINUTES

Bell Work

Use you notes from last week to respond to today’s prompt:1. Why did some in the U.S. want the U.S. to expand

its power and influence to places outside of the U.S.? Provide at least 3 reasons.

2. Why did some in the U.S. NOT want the U.S. to expand its power and influence to places outside of the U.S.? Provide at least 3 reasons.

Imperialism Wrap-Up

In 1901, The U.S. and Great Britain signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty.

But, the country of Panama did NOT EXIST yet…

Panama became an independent country in November of 1903, and signed a treaty with the U.S. to build the canal.

The Roosevelt Corollary was a policy introduced by President Roosevelt in 1904.

President William Howard Taft continued the Roosevelt Corrolary with his Dollar Diplomacy policy.

Checking for understanding…

Use your notes to answer this prompt:What was the U.S. position on European involvement in Latin America? Provide evidence from the notes to support your answer.

Now, let’s look at Asia

• What is the largest country in Asia? CHINA!

Why do you think European countries and the U.S. wanted to have access to China?

In the late 1890s, European countries wanted to have economic influence in China.

The U.S. did NOT want to be kept from trading with China. But, why?

The U.S. came up with the “Open Door” Policy in 1899.

The Boxer Rebellion was a response to European and U.S. influence in China.

Summarizer!

Use your notes from today to respond to the following prompt:

How was the U.S. policy in Latin America different from that in Asia? How was it similar?

You may work with a partner, but be ready to discuss your response in 3 minutes.