What is Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) and why should...

transcript

What is Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)

and why should we care?

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PatrickAgese

PhD researcher/Moderator

patrick.agese@costain.com

Russell Fowler

Market Insight Manager

FES 2017 - Focus on EV's

russell.fowler@nationalgrid.com

Vincent Oldenbroek

PhD researcher

Car as Power Plant (FCEV)

V.D.W.M.Oldenbroek@tudelft.nl

Ian Muller

Founder andDirector

IOT Communications forV2G

mullerit@hotmail.com

Andrew Jenkins

PhD researcher

Urban Microgrids with high penetration of EVs

a.m.jenkins@newcastle.ac.uk

What isNEETS?NEETS is a global community with one key goal of supporting solutions

to the challenges faced by the energy and electrified transport sector.

Transport Experts

Energy Experts

Academics

Government

Customers

NEETS – Webinar – Electric Vehicles

Russell Fowler | Market Insights Manager | System Operator

July 2017

About National Grid UK

Electricity

GeneratorsGas Producers

and Importers

National Grid Transmission UK

(Electricity & Gas)

Commercial and

Domestic Customers

Electricity

Distribution

Networks

Distribution

Networks

We develop future energy scenarios and explore those

in more detail in thought pieces

Scenarios Thought

pieces

EVs are here and here to stay - by 2050 all

vehicles could be electric in Two Degrees

There are around

30 million

vehicles on the

road today

Heavy good

vehicles likely to

move to natural

gas or hydrogen

before they

electrify

There are around

100,000 EVs on

the road today

EV peak demand depends not just on number

of vehicles, but how there are charged and

how consumers engage with them

Peak demand

today is around

60 GW – could

rise to between

65 GW and 85

GW by 2050

Peak EV demand

depends on:

• Charger size

• When EVs are

charged

Consumer’s

engagement with

EVs is vital to

unnecessary

increases in peak

demand…

Assumptions around engagement can have a

large effect on peak demand from EVs…

Natural diversity, as people have different

working patterns and social lives, means only

around 21% of EVs will charge at peak. As

engagement increases across the scenarios this

will range from around 5% to 17%.

An engaged consumer will look to shift their EV

peak charging away from peak time – either

using tariff to incentivize shifting demand to

overnight or using smart apps / third party

aggregators to manage their EV charging.

So what about vehicle to grid?

Early days in the UK for V2G, with numerous

trials ongoing. We are developing a Thought

Piece on V2G to be published in the next few

months…..

…high level if you take the number of:

• EVs at home at peak - 5M in Two Degrees

• Engaged consumers - 80% in Two Degrees

• With off road parking - around 53% of home

• All with a 7kW charger

you get a potential capacity of upto 15 GW

available at peak time…

More information on our thought pieces and Future

Energy Scenarios can be found on our website…

Thought Pieces published on:

• The future impact of residential air conditioners on

electricity demand

• Off Grid? Can I run my house without using

electricity from the grid?

• Forecourt thoughts: Mass fast charging of

electric vehicles

http://fes.nationalgrid.com/insights/

2017 Future Energy Scenarios

Available at www.nationalgrid.com/fes

Email: russell.folwer@nationalgrid.com

What is Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

and why should we care?

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-2-Grid

‘Car as a Power plant’ – TU Delft

NEETS webinar – 26th July 2017

Vincent Oldenbroek - v.d.w.m.oldenbroek@tudelft.nl

Acknowledgement: The CaPP project is being funded by the NWO program ‘Uncertainty Reduction in Smart Energy Systems’ (URSES) – Project number: 408-13-001

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) - Netherlands

V2G Pilots with BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles)

• Lomboxnet, Neighbourhood ‘Lombok’, city of Utrecht

• Tennet, The New Motion & Nuvve: Frequency imbalance

• SEEV4-City Interreg North Sea Region

Transmission & Distribution System Operators

involved (TSOs & DSOs) grid services

Lomboxnet, city of Utrecht• ‘Smart solar charging’ - www.lombox.nl

• Bi-directional charging with BEVs storage

• Car-sharing http://www.wedrivesolar.nl

Tennet (TSO), The New Motion & Nuvve

SEEV4-City

• Amsterdam City

• Amsterdam Area Stadium

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) – ‘Car as a Power Plant’

• Passenger cars parked >90% of the time, why not use them better?

• Integration of transport & energy

electricity & hydrogen

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) – TU Delft

• Hyundai ix35 FCEV - 10 kW V2G output

– 100 kW fuel cell

• FCEV V2G electricity from (seasonal stored)

Hydrogen (H2) to balance intermittent renewables?

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-to-Grid, presented at European Fuel Cell and Electrolyser Forum (EFCF) 2017, Luzern

Developments facilitating V2G power

• Self-driving & parking cars: “Mobility & Power on demand”

• Wireless (dis)-charging self connecting, Nissan

• FCEV & V2G: Honda & Toyota (Bus-to-Grid)

UK - Potential Electric Power with V2G?

UK 2050 – 2 degrees scenario

• Solar, Wind, Marine: 53% of intermittent installed power

• Balancing plants & Nuclear 40 GW

– ≈ 4 million # V2G cars @ 10 kW

– ≈ 13% of UK cars (2016)

• Balancing power plant used only for 12%

• 2.5+ million/year cars sold in UK

– ≈ 25 GW (V2G cars @ 10 kW)

• V2G Great Potential?

Interconnecting renewable countries

Future low/high wind/solar

production

Affects multiple countries

At the same time

Back-up & balancing

power plants + energy

storage required!

Source: www.dnvgl.com

Hydrogen, synergies across all sectors

• Large scale seasonal energy storage possible

• Less need for extreme expansion electricity grid

• Hydrogen is feedstock for chemicals (e.g. fertilizer)

• Transport, hydrogen fuel for;

– (heavy) cars, buses, drones, boats, trains, planes

– ~400kg Lighter powertrain, same driving range;

– Honda FCV Clarity vs. Tesla Model S P100 (EPA)

UK: Hydrogen seasonal energy

storage

Existing

Underground H2

Saltcavern storage

Teesside

Future

Energy

Scenarios

July 2017

Hydrogen seasonal energy storage

https://www.agbzw.nl/waterstofproject

Power-To-

Hydrogen

Hydrogen seasonal energy storage

e.g. in winter;

Hydrogen fuel for cars, but also:

Train-to-Grid?Ferry-to-Grid?

Drones

Airplanes

100% renewable societies,

the challenge is HUGE,

and 2050 is like TOMORROW,

We need ALL solutions!

UK energy demand; seasonal effects

1 year

EU - Potential Electric Power with V2G?EU 2050 - 100% Renewable scenario

• Solar and Wind main producers

• Back-up plants 215 GW

– ≈ 21,5 million # FCEVs @ 10 kW

– ≈ 9% of EU cars

• 11+ million/year cars sold in EU

– ≈ 110 GW (FCEVs @ 10 kW)

• V2G Great Potential?

Source: http://www.roadmap2050.eu/

*Includes nuclear, hydro, biomass, geothermal, solar CSP

FCEV2G: Smart City Transport & Energy with H2

EU average case study, techno-economic scenario analysis:Oldenbroek, V., Verhoef, L. A., & van Wijk, A. J. (2017). Fuel cell electric vehicle as a power plant: Fully renewable integrated transport and energy system design and analysis for smart city areas. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(12), 8166-8196.

FCEV2G: Hospital Emergency and

balancing power & Transport with H2

FCEV2G: Balancing National transport,

electricity and heating systems with H2

Creating Virtual Energy Storage

Systems from Aggregated Smart

Charging Electric Vehicles

Andrew Jenkins – UK – Session 4 – 0937

• Power system desire for flexibility

• Electric Vehicle driver’s requirements

• Aggregation and control

• Results

• Conclusions

Power stations in the UK

above 900 MW, May 2014

GasNuclear

Pumped storage

Power system flexibility

7x transformers and feeders

2x 15 MVA

500 kVA

4x service sections (96 customers connected to each)

5x 11 kV feeders

33 kV Source

500 kVA

• Matching supply & demand

• Thermal limits

• Voltage magnitude & unbalance

Driver’s requirements“Electric Vehicles are stationary

for around 95% of the time”Degradation drivers:

• Additional cycling

• High charging rates

• High state of charge

Driver’s requirements

Aggregation: Urban car park• 50 parking spaces

• 45 cars per daySt Dev = 3 cars

• -3 kW to +7 kW, 24 kWh

• 09:00 – 18:00St Dev = 1.2 hours

• Arrival SOC = 53%St Dev = 15%

• Departure SOC >= 80%

Aggregation: Urban car park

Max (G2V) Min (G2V)

Energy

Control

Ensure 80% SOC

Charging

Discharging

Average remaining power between

vehicles with SOC<80%

Average remaining power between

vehicles with SOC>80%

Average remaining power between all vehicles

Results

Reliability = 99.98%

Results

Reliability = 98.83%

Results

• EVs can reliably (~99%) be called upon, in aggregate, to supply ancillary services to the electrical distribution network

• Risk of decreased controllability around the time vehicles leave the car park

• Battery life is expected, in the majority of cases, to increase by utilising the algorithm proposed

Conclusions

Any questions?

A.m.jenkins@newcastle.ac.uk

Andrew Jenkins – UK – Session 4 – 0937

IoT for EV Charging and V2GIan Muller - 26.07.17

History of IoT/M2M

• Mass Traction with inception of GPRS

• Cellular is not the Panacea

• LPWANs

• Analytics

Protocol Standardisation

IoT Connectivity in the future of V2G

Potential future IoT connectivity for EV Charging

PaaS Cloud IoT analytics (OSCP/OCPP)

Workplace

LPWAN (Mesh) Rural or connectivity

challenged e.g Multi dwelling

Urban well connected Destination

Smart Grid -Distribution

V2G Power and Data Flows

Large Scale Charge Point Operators

Power Distribution

PaaS V2G IoT Analytics (Open Smart Charge Protocol and Open

Charge Point Protocol) OSCP/OCPP

V2G Power Flow

Barriers

Affordable V2G charger with similar cost to smart EV chargers

No simple market framework with regulated players and standards

Clear communication and engagement with the EV owners

Developing a supply chain

Recent positivesigns

£20 Million - V2G UK Government Funding

£246 Million - "Faraday Challange " UK Government funding

3 year smart charging Trial (500 - 700 EVs and PHEVs)

Key learning: The average time an EV is plugged in overnight is

10hrs 40mins. But only 2 hours is spent on charging. For more info

see (http://www.electricnation.org.uk)

DNO - DSO transition

Regulatory Involvement

National Grid - SNaPS

Create a better market

framework for newsmart

technologies

One keyquestion?

Battery degradation a barrier?

73% reduction in price (source: BNEF) Significant technology improvement

"Results suggest that the smart-grid formulation is able to reduce the EVs’ battery pack

capacity fade by up to 9.1% and power fade by up to 12.1%" - Dr Kotub Uddin

(University of Warwick)

Projects

Thank You

PatrickAgese

PhD researcher/Moderator

patrick.agese@costain.com

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