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Brazilian Electric Energy Industry Model:Brazilian Electric Energy Industry Model:Protection,Protection, Control,Control, and Monitoringand Monitoring
RequirementsRequirements for Fosteringfor FosteringResponsibleResponsible CompetitionCompetition
Actual Trends in DevelopmentActual Trends in Development ofofPower System Protection and AutomationPower System Protection and Automation
33 77 JuneJune 2013, Yekaterinburg2013, Yekaterinburg
Copyright SEL 2012
Jorge Miguel Ordacgi F.Jorge Miguel Ordacgi F.
On Behalf of Brazilian SC B5On Behalf of Brazilian SC B5
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BRAZILBRAZIL
2
A Fast GrowingA Fast Growing Market for Manufacturers ofMarket for Manufacturers ofSecondary SystemSecondary System (SS) Solutions(SS) Solutions
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600 kV DC
Madeira Complex =6,450 MW, 2,375 km
Belo Monte =11,231 MW, 2,500 km DC
BR Power SystemBR Power System IsIs Growing FastGrowing Fast
3
Araraquara
440 kV
N. Iguau (RJ)
Rio Branco
Araraquara
Rio Verde
Back-to-back 2x400MW
305 km
500 kV
230 kV
+600kV
600km
Madeira
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Regardless of GrowthRegardless of Growth
Technologies in ServiceTechnologies in Service
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Regardless of GrowthRegardless of Growth
Technologies in ServiceTechnologies in Service
Electro-
mechanical
51%
Static
Digital
30%
SS Technologies In Service - 2011
5
Ele ctromechanical 18016Static 6491
Digital 10560
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19%
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Regardless of GrowthRegardless of GrowthRated Voltage 138 kV
Technologies in ServiceTechnologies in Service
Electro-
mechanical
51%
Static
Digital
30%
SS Technologies In Service - 2011
Analog
70%
Digital
30%
Digital versus Analog SS
24,50724,507 newnew
6
Ele ctromechanical 18016Static 6491
Digital 10560
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19%
secondarysecondarysystems aresystems areneeded!needed!
NumberNumberof bays!of bays!
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TechnologicalTechnological EvolutionEvolution
WhatWhat about relay to relay communications?about relay to relay communications?
WhatWhat aboutabout the IECthe IEC 6185061850 standardstandard?? WhatWhat would be the best way to cope withwould be the best way to cope with
7
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Performance of Protection SchemesPerformance of Protection Schemes
for Power System Eventsfor Power System Events5.5%
3.8%
4.9%
4.3% 4.3%
3.9%
4.4%
4.0%
3.7%4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
age
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3.3%.
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Perc
ent
Refusal
No Data
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Performance of Protection SchemesPerformance of Protection Schemes
for Accidental Trippingfor Accidental Tripping
8%
10%
12%
8.2%
9.5%
10.9%
9.6%
7.5%
8.9% 9.0%
7.6% 7.7%
6.9%
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0%
2%
4%
6%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
5.8%
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AccidentalAccidental TrippingsTrippings CausedCaused byby
HumanHuman ErrorsErrors
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
3.0%
3.3%
3.5%
2.5%
2.8%
3.0%
2.6%
2.2% 2.1%2.2%
10
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1.9%
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TRIPPINGSPERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TRIPPINGSRelay Protect
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AccidentalAccidental TrippingsTrippings CausedCaused byby
HumanHuman ErrorsErrors
25%
30%
35%
40%36.0%
34.7%
32.0%
25.9%
36.9%
33.5%
29.2%28.3% 27.6%
32.2%31.8%
11PERCENTAGE OF ACCIDENTAL TRIPPINGSPERCENTAGE OF ACCIDENTAL TRIPPINGS
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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EvolutionEvolution of Protectionof Protection PerformancePerformance
What have we learned from the recentWhat have we learned from the recentblackouts?blackouts?
SPSSPS or SIPS? Just a matter ofor SIPS? Just a matter of alphabetalphabetsoup?soup?
12
BenchmarkingBenchmarking or goals?or goals?
AreAre benchmarking figures reallybenchmarking figures really
comparablecomparable??
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ANAN
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yellow black
otherhydroplant blue green
#1 #2
Busbar 1
Lack of ClearLack of Clear Breaker FailureBreaker Failure AlarmAlarm
Breaker
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Busbar 2
Local Generators
Line #1Protection
RestoredBF
Line #1Protection
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RemarksRemarks
The old static device should have been timelyThe old static device should have been timelyreplaced with a modern digital line protectionreplaced with a modern digital line protection
relay!relay! There should have been more information andThere should have been more information and
15
,,thereby avoiding the loss of the secondthereby avoiding the loss of the secondbusbar section!busbar section!
Is there any better practice within otherIs there any better practice within otherutilities?utilities?
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If...If...
There is adequate balance between dataThere is adequate balance between dataandand informationinformation
Information isInformation is provided toprovided to devices, systemsdevices, systemsand operators at higher levels along theand operators at higher levels along theo erationalo erational hierarchhierarch
16
Local devices and systems are part of aLocal devices and systems are part of asystemic distributed PCMsystemic distributed PCM systemsystem
All parts have been conceived to be fullyAll parts have been conceived to be fullytested, enhanced andtested, enhanced and optimizedoptimized
(Evergreen!)(Evergreen!)Relay Protect
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Then...Then...
ThereThere is ais a SECONDARY SYSTEMSECONDARY SYSTEMMODERN SOLUTION (SSMS)MODERN SOLUTION (SSMS)
Utility engineering staff shall provideUtility engineering staff shall providethorough specification, design (project) andthorough specification, design (project) andbiddin rocessbiddin rocess
17
Manufacturers shall be invited to workManufacturers shall be invited to workcloser to the utilitycloser to the utility
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The Brazilian Electric EnergyThe Brazilian Electric Energy
18
Industry ModelIndustry Model
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Industry ModelsIndustry Models
Energy OperationPlanning PEN
Monthly OperationProgram PMO
Daily Scheduling Generation
Modernization Plan
PMIS
Basic Grid and DIT
Expansion andReinforcement Plan
Evaluation ofCMO and PLDDevelopment of Models, Criteria,Methodologies, and Systems
HydroResour
cesand
Meteoro
ly
Rock & roll drum solos,Rock & roll drum solos,politicians, and industrypoliticians, and industry
19
Annual ElectricPlanning PEL QuadrimesterElectric Planning Monthly ElectricPlanning
Protection &Control
Open Access
Studies
Electric Safety Reinforcement Pre-OperationalStudies, Comissioning,
Recomposition, Controllers, Optimization,Operating Reserve, AGC, AncillaryServices
Operation:
Pre, RT, & Post
Disturbances AnalysisAdministration,
Accounting, & Settlement
of T Services & Charges
Conso
lidationofLoad
Forecast
mo e s are somew amo e s are somew alike tsunamis.like tsunamis.They always leave someThey always leave some
destruction behind!destruction behind!
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Industry Models
ProtectionEngineers
20Relay Protect
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BR Electric Energy Industry ModelBR Electric Energy Industry Model
EPNC
EIMC MEM ERE
EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncil
Energy Policy & MatrixLaws #10.848/2004 & #10.847/2004
MEMMines & Energy Ministry
Energy Policy
EERAElectric Energy
Regulatory Agency
Regulation & Supervision
Water - WRA
Oil - ORA
EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncil
Energy Policy & MatrixLaws #10.848/2004 & #10.847/2004
MEMMines & Energy Ministry
Energy Policy
EERAElectric Energy
Regulatory Agency
Regulation & Supervision
Water WRA
Oil ORA
21
AgentsG T FCD C
IM/EX
ISO EETCEERA
OPERATIONAL AREA
EREEnergy ResearchEnterprise
Expansion Planning
EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring Committee
Energy Supply Security
Electric Energy TradingChamber
Trading
ONS (ISO)Electric System NationalOperator
Bulk PowerSystem Operation
EREEnergy ResearchEnterprise
Expansion Planning
EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring Committee
Energy Supply Security
Electric Energy TradingChamber
Trading
ONS (ISO)Electric System NationalOperator
Bulk PowerSystem Operation
WHO, ME?WHO, ME?
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EPNC
EIMC MEM ERE
EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncilDec. #3520/2000
Energy Policy & MatrixLaws #10.848/2004 & #10.847/2004
MEMMines & Energy Ministry
Energy Policy
EERAElectric Energy
Regulatory AgencyLaw #9427/1996
Regulation & Supervision
Water - WRA
Oil - ORA
EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncilDec. #3520/2000
Energy Policy & MatrixLaws #10.848/2004 & #10.847/2004
MEMMines & Energy Ministry
Energy Policy
EERAElectric Energy
Regulatory AgencyLaw #9427/1996
Regulation & Supervision
Water - WRA
Oil - ORA
PenaltiesPenalties vs.vs. StimulusStimulusEERA
Electric EnergyRegulatory Agency
Law #9427/1996
Regulation & Supervision
Water - WRA
Oil - ORA
EERAElectric Energy
Regulatory AgencyLaw #9427/1996
22
AgentsG T FCD C
IM/EX
ISO EETCEERA
OPERATIONAL AREA
EREEnergy ResearchEnterpriseDec. #5184/2004
Expansion Planning
EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring CommitteeDec. #5175/2004
Energy Supply Security
Electric Energy TradingChamberDec. #5177/2004
Trading
ONS (ISO)Electric System NationalOperator
Dec. #5081/2004
Bulk PowerSystem Operation
EREEnergy ResearchEnterpriseDec. #5184/2004
Expansion Planning
EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring CommitteeDec. #5175/2004
Energy Supply Security
Electric Energy TradingChamberDec. #5177/2004
Trading
ONS (ISO)Electric System NationalOperator
Dec. #5081/2004
Bulk PowerSystem Operation
Regulation & Supervision
Water WRA
Oil ORA
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WhereWhere Does FundingDoes Funding CCome Fromome From??
GenerationGeneration29.5%29.5%
TransmissionTransmission4.6%4.6%
DistributionDistribution22.1%22.1%
Industry ChargesIndustry Charges9.1%9.1%
TaxesTaxes34.7%34.7%
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Passive SpectatorPassive Spectator vs. Activevs. Active PlayerPlayer
PASSIVE SPECTATOR
What is my problem?
What are my goals?
ACTIVE PLAYER
My problem is keeping SSoptimized!
My goals are optimizing SS
24
BEEIM does not impose thistask/responsibility to me!
systemic viewpoints!BEEIM allows me to do so!
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Planning SSMS of the FuturePlanning SSMS of the Future
A forum to deal with SSMS shall allow:A forum to deal with SSMS shall allow:
Participation of all industry segmentsParticipation of all industry segments
Open discussion within democratic environmentOpen discussion within democratic environment
Production of:Production of:
25
White papersWhite papers
Technical guidesTechnical guides
Checks by the International PCM CommunityChecks by the International PCM Community
Grid Procedure updates accordingGrid Procedure updates accordingto BEEIMto BEEIM
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Planning SSMS of the FuturePlanning SSMS of the Future
BrazilianBrazilianCIGR SC B5CIGR SC B5
26
Protection andProtection andAutomation isAutomation isTHE FORUM!THE FORUM!
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Planning SSMS of the FuturePlanning SSMS of the Future
SC B5 OffersSC B5 Offers UtilitiesUtilities
ISOISO Research CentersResearch Centers
27
UniversitiesUniversities Consulting CompaniesConsulting Companies
ManufacturersManufacturers
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And who is the boss?
TheThe
28
operator!operator!
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ResponsibleResponsible Competition NowCompetition Now
29
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Responsible CompetitionResponsible Competition
CompetitionCompetitionshall take placeshall take place
30
power systempower system(PS) security(PS) security
conditions!conditions!
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How PS SecurityHow PS Security IsIs DealtDealt With TodayWith Today
Operation planningOperation planning
SchedulingScheduling
SIPSSIPS
Risk mana ementRisk mana ement
31
system issystem issecure withoutsecure without
SSMS!SSMS!
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HowHow SSMS Shall BeSSMS Shall Be Improved toImproved to
CopeCope WithWith PS Security OptimizationPS Security OptimizationSYSTEMIC APPROACHSYSTEMIC APPROACH SYSTEMATIC APPROACHSYSTEMATIC APPROACH
A DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING DIGITAL SYSTEM FROM SS TO NCCA DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING DIGITAL SYSTEM FROM SS TO NCC
32
INFORMATION
DATA
NCC
RCCs
GCCs, TCC& DCCs
STATIONLEVEL
BAY LEVEL
IEDs PHYSICAL LEVEL
NCCNational Control Center
ISO
RCCsRegional Control Center
G, T & DControl Centers
Utilities
Substations and PowerPlants
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How SSMS Shall Be Improved toHow SSMS Shall Be Improved to
CopeCope WithWith PS Security OptimizationPS Security Optimization
STATION
CommandsPositions
EventsAlarms
PhasorsCommandsPositions
NetworkControl
WAMPACIEC 61850
IEEE 1588
Benefitting fromBenefitting from free functional allocation,free functional allocation,seamless communication and otherseamless communication and other
Implementing aImplementing a global structure forglobal structure forprotection, monitoring and control data andprotection, monitoring and control data and
33
FilesParameters
Maintenance
PROCESS LANIEEE 1588
IEC 61850
evolutionevolutioninformation (D&Iinformation (D&I))
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PS S iPS S i U dU d SSMS Vi iSSMS Vi i
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PS SecurityPS Security UnderUnder SSMS ViewpointSSMS Viewpoint
Utilities and ISO
SSMS shall
Allow optimized functional
Ease PS operation
Manufacturers
SSMS must
Be updated in terms of
Integrate SS & CC
34
BE ECONOMICAL!
Offer highest possible
availability
Assure best security vs.dependability
BE ECONOMICAL!
Be future-proof
Be conceived underrealistic perspective
MUTUALDEPENDENCE
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PS S iPS S i U dU d SSMS Vi iSSMS Vi i
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PS SecurityPS Security UnderUnder SSMS ViewpointSSMS Viewpoint
Then, utilities mayThen, utilities maycompetecompete
But qualifiedBut qualifiedmanufacturersmanufacturers
35
each industryeach industry
segment: G, T & D!segment: G, T & D!s a compe e ws a compe e wresponsibilityresponsibility
when providingwhen providing
SSMS!SSMS!
Utilities mustUtilities must
reinforcereinforceresponsibilityresponsibility
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Lifecycle Costs ofLifecycle Costs of SSMSSSMS
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InnovativeInnovative EngineeringEngineering
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Di ti t ViDi ti t Vi SSSS Lif l C tLif l C t
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Distinct Views onDistinct Views on SSSS Lifecycle CostsLifecycle Costs
Lifecycle Issues Utilities Ownership
Governmental Private
Large Small
Engineering High, but fading away High Low
Acquisition Costs A budget for SS A budget for Idem turnkey
37
the installation projects
MaintenanceCosts
Not computed Effective costapproach
What?
Shortage ofRevenue
Not computed Imposes feedback to SSprocess
LCC Evaluation No regular process so far!
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Hidden CostsHidden Costs
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Hidden CostsHidden Costs
Issue
Too many SSES
Too dissimilar SSEngineering Solutions
(SSES)
Hidden Costs
No gain with large-scaleapplication of each optimized
Same mistake will causetrouble more than once
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How long shall a SS last?
IEC 61850 implementation
Excessive separationbetween PCM andoperational functions
Poor SSES leads to poorpower system security
Only pays off if applied inlarge scale
Duplication of correlatefunctions & distinct results RISK OF LITIGATION
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Tuning of Practices forTuning of Practices for
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ComplianceCompliance
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Tuning of PracticesTuning of Practices
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Tuning of PracticesTuning of Practices
SSMS specificationSSMS specification
Testing of SSMS and the whole digitalTesting of SSMS and the whole digital
system from process level up to the nationalsystem from process level up to the nationalcontrol centercontrol center
40
omp ance w an g o aomp ance w an g o aimplementationimplementation
Frequent exchange of engineering solutionsFrequent exchange of engineering solutions
Closing the loop through permanent SSClosing the loop through permanent SSperformance evaluationperformance evaluation
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Conclusions
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ConclusionsConclusions
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ConclusionsConclusions
SSMS are feasible within any electricSSMS are feasible within any electricenergy industry modelenergy industry model
SSMS are no longer standaloneSSMS are no longer standalone The competition among utilities within eachThe competition among utilities within each
42
n us ry segmen s a s ar a ern us ry segmen s a s ar a erassuring power system securityassuring power system security
Manufacturers shall be stimulated toManufacturers shall be stimulated to
acknowledge the importance of SSMS andacknowledge the importance of SSMS andcompete with responsibilitycompete with responsibility
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THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!
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THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!
4343
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!
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THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!I dont think it will beI dont think it will bewise to become anwise to become an
electrical engineer...electrical engineer...
4444