© ESTRELLA, IST-2004-027655 A quick ‘n easy intro to LKIF Core Rinke Hoekstra.

© ESTRELLA, IST-2004-027655

A quick ‘n easy intro to LKIF Core

Rinke Hoekstra


Overview

• The LKIF Core Ontology• Design, Requirements & Methodology• Modules

– Top-level modules– Basic-level modules– Legal modules

• Q&A


LKIF-Core

• Core ontology of basic legal concepts• Contributions by UvA, UNIBO, Liv, FOKUS• Specified using OWL-DL (SHOIN(D))• 14 modules, 205 classes, 99 properties• Descriptive annotations• Available online at

http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core• Documentation at

http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/doc


Principled Design

• Separation Frames & Ontologies• Requirements & contexts of use

– Users• Practitioners• Citizens• Legal theoreticians

– Use• Organize & Structure• Reasoning & Problem solving• Semantic annotation & Search• Semantic integration/interoperation• Understanding of a domain

• Guidelines


Middle-out Methodology

• Identification of clusters of basic concepts• Top-20 of legal concepts• Term scoring on 5 aspects

– abstractness, relevance, commonsense vs. legal, common legal vs. domain specific, importance

• Evaluation and integration of existing top ontologies (LLD, DOLCE-CLO, LRI-Core) and theories


LKIF-Core Scores

• Importance– Law – Right– Jurisdiction– Permission– Prohibition – Rule – Sanction– Violation– Power– Duty – Legal position – Norm– Obligation– Permissive right– Argument

• Abstractness– deontic operator– Law– Norm– Obligative right– Permissive right– Power– Right– Rule– Time– Anancastic rule– Existential initiation– Existential termination– Potestative right– Productive characterisation– Absolute obligative right

• Legal Relevance– Civil law– Law– Legal consequence– Legislation– Obligation– Right– Authoricy– Deontic operator– Duty– Jurisdiction– Legal fact– Legal person– Legal position– Legal procedure– Liability


LKIF-Core Modules (1)

• 14 modules• Top

– top, mereology, place, time, process

• Basic– action, expression, role

• Legal– Norm, legal-role, legal-

action

• Vocabulary & Frames– Modification, rules


Top level

• 5 modules define the ‘canvas’– Top, mereology, place, time, process

• Largely based on the top-level of LRI-Core but– Less ontological commitment– Less restrictions on subclasses of the top

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Mereology (1): Concepts

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Mereology (2): Relations




Time (1): Concepts

• Based on Allen (1984)




Time (2): Relations




Place (1): Concepts

• Based on Donnelly (05)




Place (2): Relations




Process (1): Concepts




Process (2): Relations




Basic level

• Defines concepts ‘basic’ to commonsense, communication and reasoning:– Agents, Actions and Plans– Roles

• Social roles, Functions and Epistemic Roles

– Propositions and Propositional Attitudes• Intentions, Beliefs

– Expressions, Media

• 3 modules– Action, role, expression


Action (1): Agent




Action (2): Action




Role (1): Three types

• Epistemic RoleDefine the use of mental objects in reasoning.

• FunctionPlayed by physical objects (artifacts) to a certain

purpose

• Social Role– Organisation Role

Played by an actor ‘as a member of’ an organisation

– Person RolePlayed by an actor independent of organisational

context


Role (2): Overview




Expression (1): Proposition and Medium

• Proposition– Evaluative proposition

• Something which is evaluated, ‘judged’• Evaluatively comparable to some other eval.

Proposition• Evaluated by some evaluative attitude

– Expression• Externalised through some medium• Stated by some communicated attitude

• Medium– Bears expressions– e.g. Document: bears expressions stated by

some statement in writing


Expression (2): PA’s and Qualifications

• Held towards a proposition• Propositional Attitude

– Belief, Desire– Communicated Attitude

• Assertion, Declaration, Promise, Statment in Writing• Created through a Speech Act• Addressed to and uttered by some agent

– Evaluative Attitude• Expresses a judgment concerning some proposition

– Intention

• Qualification vs. Qualified


Expression (3): Epistemic Roles

• Evidence, Fact, Assumption, Expectation – Expectation is played by some P towards which a

belief is held. – Evidence is played by some P (towards which a

belief is held) which also plays some Observation.

• Observation– played by some PA which is observed by an

Agent.

• Reason, Argument, Cause– Reason is played by some P, Argument by some E

• Exception


Expression (4): Relations






Legal level

• Legal action defines– Public acts, public bodies, legal person, natural

person etc.

• Legal-role defines legal concepts related to roles– Legal professions etc. (more work needed)

• Norm module defines – Norms as qualifications (D1.1)– Legal sources,

• e.g. legal documents, customary law etc.

– Typology of rights and powers (Sartor (2006), Rubino et al. (2006))


Norm (1): Norms

• A Qualification which qualifies some Normatively Qualified

• Permission allows some/all Allowed– Obligation = Prohibition– Allows some/all Obliged and disallows some/all

Disallowed

• Rights– Sartor: the legal or moral entitlement to do or

refrain from doing something or to obtain or refrain from obtaining an action, thing or recogition in civil society.

– Liability, Liberty, Obligative, Exclusionary and Permissive rights.


Norm (2): Normatively Qualified






Norm (3): Legal Sources


Legal Action




Frameworks

• Rules– Vocabulary of Tom Gordon’s LKIF rule language– Epistemic Roles

• Modification– Classification of modifications of legal texts

(Monica Palmirani)


Modification




Rules (& Epistemic Roles)


Problematic Things

• Inconsistencies– General Class Inclusion axioms

• Debugging– Entanglement of modules did not really help


TODO’s & Conclusions

• Connection Norms & Expressions• Legal Action & Role are underspecified• Connect MetaLex OWL model to LKIF-Core

• Try and use it!– Marcello’s Traffic– Raad van State

• Ontology URL– http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/lkif-core.owl

• Information– http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core

• Documentation– http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/doc

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