AN INTRODUCTION

TIGA JENIS KEDUSTAAN(Disraeli, 1804-1881)

Dusta

Dusta besar

Statistika

SAJAK W. H. Auden

“Jangan duduk dengan seorang ahli statistika …

Atau mempercayai ilmu sosial …”

IMPORTANT TERMS (1)Statistics: the science of collecting,

organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions.

Descriptive statistics: methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.

Inferential statistics: the methods used to estimate a property of a population on the basis of a sample.

IMPORTANT TERMS (2)Population: the entire set of individuals or

objects of interest or the measurements obtained from all individuals or objects of interest.

Sample: a portion, or part, of the population of interest.

LEVEL OF dataNominalOrdinalIntervalRasio

PROPERTIES OF NOMINAL LEVEL DATAThe variable of interest is divided into

categories or outcomes.There is no natural order to the outcomes.

PROPERTIES OF ORDINAL LEVEL DATAData classifications are represented by sets

of labels or names that have relative values.The data classified can be ranked or ordered.

PROPERTIES OF INTERVAL LEVEL DATAData classifications are ordered according to

the amount of the characteristic they possess.Equal differences in the characteristic are

represented by equal differences in the measurements.

PROPERTIES OF RATIO LEVEL DATAData classifications are ordered according to

the amount of the characteristic they possess.Equal differences in the characteristic are

represented by equal differences in the measurements.

The zero point is the absence of the characteristic and the ratio between two numbers is meaningful.

Pertanyaan:Apakah benda seberat 60 kg dua kali

beratnya benda yang seberat 30 kg?Apakah benda yang suhunya 600 C dua kali

panasnya benda yang suhunya 300 C ?