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TESTING & DRILLINGINTRODUCTION

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Client questions: What is the size of my reservoir?

How much will it produce?

What fluids are going to be produce?

Identification of produced fluids.

Determination of reservoir

deliverability. Data used to predict reservoir size

Aim of Well Testing:

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Well Testing determines Production capabilitiesWell Testing determines Reservoir properties

Well testing is the only technique that examines a significant portion

of the reservoir under dynamic conditions.

Accurate, long-term projections about a reservoir cannot be made

based on wireline and others static techniques..

Tests on oil or gas wells are performed at various stages of drilling(after open hole logging), completion and production, and for different

purposes.

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Data acquired when a reservoir is tested:

Flow rates ; oil, gas, water & solids

Pressure and Temperature , surface & bottom hole

PVT samples of representative reservoir fluids , surfaceand bottom hole

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Floating rigsSemi-Submersible Drillship

Drilling Operations

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Water Depth vs. Rig Types

Drilling Operations

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3 categories of well:

Vertical

Deviated

Horizontal

Drilling Operations

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Drilling Operations

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Rig Hoisting System

Drilling Operations

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Rig Floor

Drillers console

dog house

draw works

V-door ramp

drive

mouse hole

rat hole

Drilling Operations

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TESTING & Drilling IntroductionRotating System

Kelly & Rotary Table drill 1 joint at a time.

Power swivel drills in stands (3 x 30/2 x 45)

Downhole motor does not require string

rotation.

Drilling Operations

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BOP stack Location

Sea level

Sea bed

Ground level

All Fixed Rigs All Floating Rigs

Just Bellow Rig Floor

Sea Bed

Drilling Operations

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Blow Out Preventers

Main Components

Wellhead Connector

Pipe Rams

Shear Rams

Blind Rams

Annular PreventersDrilling Valve

Drilling Choke Manifold

Drilling Operations

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BOP stack

Drilling Operations

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BOP stack / Pipe Rams

Fit a specific pipe size

Need pipe to make a seal

Drilling Operations

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BOP stack / Shear Rams

Both shears drill pipe and seals the hole

Capacity to cut through 6-5/8 drill pipe

Emergency equipment

Drilling Operations

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BOP stack

HYDRILL : Annular Preventer

Close/seal on any object in thewellbore

Drilling Operations

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Tubulars

Drilling Operations

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Rig Circulating System

Drilling Operations

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TESTING & Drilling IntroductionDrilling Fluids

The drilling fluid is an essential part of the drilling and well control system.

It can be either water or oil based

Mud is used to:

- Cool the bit

- Remove cuttings

- Lubricate the bit

- Provides a pressure to overcome that of the formation

- Makes a mud cake to seal permeable formation

- Operate down hole motor / turbineDrilling Operations

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Mud weights

The mud density is kept at a level to overcome expected reservoir

pressures and keep the well at a positive overpressure.

It should be not too heavy or it will crack the formation, resulting in lost

circulation

Drilling Operations

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Casing

Casings start large and gradually

become smaller

Casing sizes are always given as

Outside Diameter

The Inner Diameter depends onthe weight

Drilling Operations

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Casing

Liner 5-1/2

Drilling Operations

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Logging

Logging is a process of obtaining informations about the formation

after the well has been drilled.

A sensor is lowered into the well on the end of an electrical cable.

This provides power and transmits the data to the surface where it is

presented in the form of a graph against depth.

- resistivity (high) logs show where the hydrocarbon may be

- porosity logs show porous zones

- sonic and density logs give information about the rock types

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Testing and Logging

Few logs are useful in Testing operations:

Gamma ray shows shale & clean zones, gives net & gross pay

Cement bond logs shows how good the cement is

Corrosion logs shows possible problems inside & outside casing

Production logs shows flow in the well

CCL shows the casing collars

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Life of a well

SEISMIC DRILLING / GEOLOGY

LOGGING

DST / TESTING

PRODUCTION / TESTING

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Life of a wellSurface Seismic consists of making a noise and listening for thereturning reflected signals

Drilling Operations

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Life of a well

A surface seismic with the interpreted model above

Drilling Equipment

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Life of a well

In addition to seismic there are:

Geology-The geologist goes to identify potential cap and reservoir rocks

Geochemistry

-The geochemistry tries to identify the source rock and also the

possible migration path to the reservoir rock

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Life of a well

Drilled Cased Perforated Produced Workover Recompleted

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To look at the special animations:

Wellinst.exe (drilling a well)

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The END