1’
824 TZIR92 DANIDA WATER PROJECTLIBRARY
No.
Dan ida / Maji
RuralIringa, Mheya anti Ruvitma Area
:Qz~,~ ø~ia
Si.pervising Construction Sites
Site Foremen
S. K. liabala
Learning Maten als Development
Workshop, DSM.
January 20 — February 7, 11)92
Water Supply Programme
Course / OJT:
Target Group:
LM Developer:
824—TzIw.-11841
OUTLINE
I 1. Purpose of Lea rnin~ 22. Stage One:
Interprete Construction Programme 3
3. Stage Two:
I ~ Identify Manpower Requirement 8
4. Stage Three:
I Identify monthly Material Requirement . .13
I 5. Stage Four:Handle Construction Materials at Site . .18
I 6. Stage Five:Allocate Transport to Activities 26
7. Stage Six:Conduct OJT to Scheme Attendants 31
8. Stage Seven:Compile PrOgress Reports 36
9. Stage Eight:
I Participate in Relevant ProjectMeetings 43
I 10. Stage Nine:Maintain Standard Quality of Work 48
g1~aeIt84~’
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PURPOSEOF_LEARNING
This Learning Material is developed to act as a guidebook for site foremen who supervise the construction ofwater projects within the Maji/Danida programme. It isone effort in trying to prepare Learning Materials forsome of the courses envisaged in the Training Plan(Maji/Danida Rural Water Supply Project, 1991-1994).
The Learning Material intends to explain through textand examples on tasks you are supposed to perform whilecArry{ng out th~ ~*,p~rv{r~1nn rr~1n nt cen~tructionsites. This is considered necessary in order to mini-mize the project engineers’ supervision on site.
By studying this Learning Material stage by stage youwill identify skills to be used to organize and commu-nicate your construction activities on daily basis.
For this Learning Material to be understood, a 7 days’seminar should be organized. This will provide a forumfor sharing experiences on different stages. Someexamples have been included to relate the text withreal situations. Trainers and participants can providemore practical examples to increase clarity.
It is hereby recommended that you should devote time tolearn techniques stated in the guide for better under-standing of your job.
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STAGE ONE
INTERPRETE CONSTRUCTIONPROGRAMME
1.0. GENERAL_OBJECTIVE:
If you study this stage carefully, you will beable to interprete correctly the constructionprogramme, and draw monthly imp]~m~ntntion tAr-gets.
2.0. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this stage, you will be able toperform the following:
2.1. Obtain an approved design report by theRegional Water Engineer from the projectengineer before commencement of construc-
.tion activities
2.2. Extract a monthly impleme~itation plan fromthe construction programme activitywise tokeep the completion date
2.3. Prepare da~1y work output targets in orderto complete the project as per design usingthe monthly implementation plan as a basis
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — I— —
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1. OVERVIEW:
The time is allocated to individual activities inthe construction programme, based on amount ofactivity and previous experience gained fromconstructed schemes. Both factors are variable(not fixed), leaving the decision to design engi-neer’s assumption.
You should always keep proper records of actualconstruction time of different activities for~comparing to allocated time. This informationshould be reflected in progress reports to bediscussed in later stages.
To clarify further, a typical sample of a con-struction programme for a single village gravityscheme is included in the key points. You are tocomment whether the time allocated is practical,basedon your experiences.
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2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. The project construction programme is onecomponent of a design report document.Other elements of this document are:
Technical notes.
Cost estimates including transport.
Drawings.
Material and manpower requirements.
The design report prepared by the projectengineer is checked by another engineer inthe department, before sent for approvalby/both Regional Water Engineer, RWE andRegional Project Advisor, RPA. Approvalsignatures are obtained at the summary pageof the design report document and on eachindividual drawing. A typical summarypage is shown below:
PROJECT: ___ _______ REGION: ___________REF. NO.: DISTRICT:
DESIGN BY: _____________________________
CHECKEDBY: _____ ________________
APPROVEDBY: ____ __________/RPA
APPROVEDBY: ______________________/RWE
You should note at this stagethat all activities at the con-struction site should be basedon approved documents and dra-wings by relevant authorities.You will take responsibility ofindividual activities, if foundto have used unapproved dra-wings.
Minor alterations can be made to theoriginal design with the endorsementof the design engineer by writing.
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2.2. Strictly speaking, the construction pro-gramme indicates start and end of a parti-cular activity. Experience shows that ac-tivities extent for several months beforeit is completed. Often, you are expectedto have monthly construction plan for dif-ferent activities. From the overall con-struction programme, you should be able toextract a monthly implementation plan forexecution.
A typical sample of a construction program-me for a single village gravity scheme canlook as one below: Extract from the designreport indicate the following information:
Length of transmission pipeline = 2.5 kmLength of distribution system = 8.0 kmNumber of domestic points = 12Storage tank, 12 m3 capacity = 1 No.Intake structure, standard = 1 No.
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Page No. 7
~7~~WATER.~
YEAR 1991 1992
ACTIVITY MONTH N J J A S 0 N D J F M A
1 SURVEYS ~*
~
I.
r
I~iiu
2 ORDEROF MATERIALS
3 CAMP ESTABLISHMENT
4 INTAKE WORKS
5 TRANSMISSION MAINS
6 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
7 DOMESTIC POINTS
8 CHAMBERS, MARKERS,CROSSINGS
9 COMMISSION 4 INSPECTION
10 STORAGETANK
Note that timing of different activities isassociated with certain constraints sus~h as weatherconditions, availability of special materials etc.
To establish monthly implementation plan, youshould consider earmarked activity independently.From Saza project plan, domestic points are to beconstructed in 2 months resulting to six numbersper month. Every activity can be analyzedlikewise, and extract a monthly construction planaccordingly.
Often other minor construction activities are nottimed by the construction programme, either assumed
to be contained within or result in project overrun. You are asked to identify such overlookedactivities from Saza project plan for discussion.
2.3. Daily work output targets have to ensure that themonthly implementation plan can be achieved. Youshould plan to achieve 6 DPs during DP constructionactivity month, in case of Saza Project. To set arealistic daily target, the number of working daysin a particular month should be considered.Resources should therefore be suitably adjusted torecord the forecasted plan. You should finallyregister actual achievement.
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STAGE 2:
ID ENTIFY MANPOWER RE~QUIR EMENT
1. GENERALOBJECTIVE:
If you study this stage, you will be able to relate themanpower requirement with the physical work target.
2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this stage, you will be able to do thefollowing:
2.1. Relate daily manpower needs with planned daily workoutput activitywlse on the basis of theconstruction programme.
2.1.1. Categorize manpower demand for majoractivities such as intake, tanks, chambers,pipelaying etc based on skill requirementand time allocated by the overall programme.
2.1.2. Definer daily production rate of each workgang for individual activity.
2.2~ Establish monthly rnanpowerrequirement and compare
with monthly implementation plan.
2.3. Identify timing of special skills demand.
2.4. Identify/plan number of village participationattendance.
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1. Q~~EW:
The design Engineer is expected to identify theskilled manpower requirement as part of the de-sign report. He/she shows against each skilltitle, the number, when to be deployed and man-months on the project.
This stage intends to explain to you how thisresource is planned. Since the deployment andsupervision of manpower is carried out by you, itia important for you to identify need for everyparticular skill at a particular time. You mayfind out that some manpower is not requiredthroughout the project duration, can either beborrowed to other projects or terminated.
Village participation labour availability canalso be organized efficiently against plannedactivities. You should always remind villageauthorities of their project commitments such aspaying scheme attendants, 0. & M. water fund andattending meetings.
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2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. All activities to be undertaken du-ring construction are listed in thecongtruction programme. Refer tostage 1 for a typical programme forSaza village gravity scheme.
Manpower resource is determined basedon factors below:
amount of activity
time allocated to the activity
weather situations
project resources
experiences of skill on thetype of work.
2.1.1. Different activities d~mandparticular type of skills. Amasonry skill for tank con-struction and domestic pointcould differ in levels. Youshould be able to note the dif-ference. Manpower skills formajor activities (sensitive)should include ability to readrespective drawings.
2.1.2. , Daily production rate for aconstruction gang defines adaily work output. This is animportant factor to avoid over-employment. In many countries,standard rates are issued bylabour authorities to avoidover-staffing. To clarify theconcept, read the followingexample.
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Examp~1:
Activity: One standard Maji/Danida do—mestic point to be constructedin Saza village
Action: RWEasked two different foremento present plan to do the as—signment
Proposals: Foreman A: 1 gang + 10 villa-gers for 5 days
Foreman B: 2 gangs + 10 villa—gers for 3 days
• Q~t~’~1t1on! If ~ gang 1~ taken ~o ir~e1ut1~amason with two casual helpers,which proposal do you think isoptimal/efficient?
• Answer: I say option A, though not ef-ficient. What are your corn—ments?
Maybe the gang compositionshould be redefined
2.2. Activities do change from month to monthaccording to the implementation plan. Str-ictly speaking, manpower needs should alsochange. Labour hired for special activitysay intake’works might not be excellent forchamber construction. On the other hand,can he trained using OJT module to work onother activity. You should be able to est-ablish each month manpower requirement andrelate available force with coming tasks.Remember manpower means cost.
Example:
Refer to Saza water project from stage 1;Masonry activities during January, 1992 iscontinued to DP construction and minor workon distribution system.
1) - amount of activities:
6 Nos. DPs
pipe supports on distributionsystem etc.
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ii) - production rate (assumed):
1 gang builds 1 DP in 5 days.
1 gang for distribution system.
iii) - masonry manpower need:
2 g~ng~ including two mansonwould be deployed during Janu-ary, 1992.
All other requirements can be analyzed onthe same line, and finally establish themonthly manpower demand.
2.3. You are aware that projects need also somespecial skills to do certain activities.Special skills include welding, rock dril-ling, blasting etc, often are centralized.Such supporting skills are available forall projects including yard & workshop ac-tivities. You are to identify if yourproject would require this support andwhen.
2.4. Village participation in construction ofwater scheme is an important element tothis project. Organization of this compo-nent to be done by the village water com-mittee. You know the construction program-me, and even the monthly implementationtarget you should assist the village inplanning the manpower deployment.
You should ~sk for the number of villagersto suit your work plan and nhle to control.
Daily production rate for trenching per
villager - 5m
Monthly plan for trenchwork - 5 km
Calculate number of villagers for the ac-
tivity per day for the month.
Answer: 50 villagers for 20 workingdays.
The number can be supervised reasonablywell.
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STAGE 3:
IDENTIFY MONTHLYMATERIAL REQUIREMENT
1. GENERAL_OBJECTIVE:If you study this stage, you will be able toidentify correct monthly material requirement.
2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:By the end of this stage, you will be able toperform the following:
2.1. Cite the monthly implementation plan fromstage 1 activitywise to keep the completiondate.
2.2. Identify materials for construction activi-ties.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
List materials and equipmentrequired.
Identify available material atsite store.
Order material in time.
2.3. Recognize the procurement procedure.
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1. OVERVIEW:
Materials have to be purchased in time to enableconstruction activities to proceed. However,these cannot be bought randomly. Maji/Danidacentral stores require estimates of material re-quirements. You should prepare this estimate foryour project.
To pr~par~ tho monthly mnterinl requirement, youneed your monthly implementation plans. It istherefore important to update plans to march withreal situations.
For some materials such as cement which are usedevery month, stocking at site stores is recomnien-ded.
Materials have to he procured by existing govern-nient routines; measures to improve the system tobe discussed
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2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. To implement the plan identified in stage 1for the particular month, you should haveadequate materials. To prepare the list ofthese materials you should always refer tothe construction programme.
Pipes and fittings for the pipe laying ac-tivities are in normal circumstances or-dered abroad in time for plan. Local ma-terinl~ need be identified based on themonthly implementation plan.
If the plan indicate to cc.ristruct six do-mestic points, from the DP drawing you willbe able to list materials required for one.Total required material will be obtainedafter multiplying the values by six.
2.2. The procedure for identifying the monthlymaterial needed is as follows:
2.2.1. — List activities from theplan
- Quant~fy each activity
- Recognize material for
each from drawings.- Sum the requirement.
The procedure should also include equip-ments.
2.2.2. Check the requlr~d materialsagainst corresponding ledgerpages at site store for availa-bility.
2.2.3. All materials which cannot beobtained from the site storeshould he ordered. Use thestandard monthly material requ-est form as shown at the end ofthe stage.
2.3. You should observe the standard procedurefor processing the material order.
- Identify material required.
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Fill in standard material request
form
- Get approval from project Engineer
- Forward the request to central stores.
- Collect material from stores to site.
Procurement routine follows government system ofpurchase, you should allow at least two weeksbefore the required material can be supplied.You are encouraged to plan in advance for thematerials. The central store is advised to stockfrequently used materials for construction tocheck delays.
MAJI /DANIDA
Page No. 17
MONTHLY MATERIAL REQUESTFORM
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If you study this stage carefully, you will beable to recognize correct procedures for handlingconstruction materials at your site.
2.0 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this stage, you will be able toperform the following:
2.1.Identify proper documents from the regional
project store with supplied materials
2.2. Verify material derivery at your site store
2.2.1 List material supplied in siteledger
2.2.2. Label materials in the store
2.3. Practice procedure for issue of materialsfrom site store
Compute material requirementfor activityMonitor all material issuesfrom storeDemonstrate responsibility ofmaterial usageOperate system for loaning ma-terials to other projects
STAGE_FOUR
HANDLE CONSTRUCTIONMATERIALS AT SITE:
1.0. .GENERAL_OBJECTIVE:
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.3.4.
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1. OVERVIEW:
Construction materials should be supplied both inadequate amount and when required, in order~tomeet individual activity targets. Constructionprogramme for the project can only be realised Ifrequired resources are timely mobilized.
You are the main user of all materials suppliedat your site for construction work. Proper hand—ling of these materials at site will not onl~ensure availability when required, but also rrnin-tam quality specirications. For example, youneed fresh portland cement for construction ofall water retaining structures. Poorly handledcement at site will not meet this standard. Attimes, sites ere issued with rebagged cement fromthe regional stores to be used for miscellaneousactivities. Such sub-standard materials should berecognized easily in the store to avoid possiblemisplacement of use.
Materials supplied to your site are for exclusiveuse for that project. All costs associated to thesupplied materials are charged to the scheme.Unrecorded materials transfer to other schemeSshould not be allowed.
Materials are issued to schemes not in excess sofdemand. Monitoring of all material issues fromthe site store is your responsibility.
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2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. Materials requirement vary from month tomonth depending on the monthly implementa-tion plan as discussed in stage 1.
Materials expected to be received at thesite during a particular month are listedon the monthly materiel. roquent form pre-pared by you and approved by the projectengineer. This form is illustrated in stage3.
After formal procurement procedure, theregional project store supplies the reque-sted materials to your site store. The cen-tral store supplies materials vide issuevouchers. See a sample of Issue voucherbelow.
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For an issue voucher to be complete, itshould show the following features:
- reference ledger number and page forthe central store
- name/signature of issuing clerk atthe central store
- name/signature of collecting person(responsible for delivery)
- approval authority in-charge of buf-fer stock
- registration number of vehicle to b~used
For the feedback to the central store asregards delivery status of material, twovouchers with the same number should followthe materials. You should return the dupli-cate copy duly signed by receiving clerkback to the regional store for records. A
• sample of the issue voucher is attached atthe end of stage.
2.2. You are expected to verify the materialdelivery at your site store.
2.2.1. From the copy of the monthlymaterial request form, you havean opportunity to compare thesupply against the demand.
In normal cases the centralstore is able to meet your re-quirement. The collecting per-sons who (in many c~.ses) aredrivers are fully responsiblefor materials signed for. Shortderivery of any material shouldimmediately be reported to theproject engineer with duplicatecopy of issue voucher.
2.2.2. Materials received at sitestore should be booked in re-spective ledger pages. A sampleof ledger book card is enclosedat the end of the stage. Theledger page is so designed toclearly show the existing ba-lance of the individual item atglance. You should demonstratethe importance of updating led-ger cards immediately after anyentry is made to your storesclerk.
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Materials stocked in storeshould easily be found whenrequired. All materials shouldbe labellet, using bin cards.You will save time to locatesome special materials such as~pipe fittings etc. if labellingis done by bin cards. Whereaspipes be stocked in their re-spective material and size.
2.3. Materials after being received and bookedinto the site store, are to beused forconstruction activities. You are stillresponsible to ensure their proper use ac-cording to construction plan as agreed.
2.3.1. You have an activity plan forthe month, and you can extractdaily output plan of implemen-tation as discussed in stage 1.You kshould therefore be in aposition to calculate materialrequirement to be issued toyour activity supervisor. Ma-terials supplied in excess ofdemand to a particular activitycan attract misuse practices.
Example:
Supervisor X is assigned to overseeconstruction of a domestic point inSaza village.
Identify materials ucing standarddrawing he needs if all pipe fittingshave been supplied.
1 say: - 1/4 truck load ofsand
- 1/2 truck load ofstones
- 50 Nos. standardconcrete blocks
- 10 bags of cement
Do you think this supervisor needssomething else?
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2.3.2. You should appoint activitysupervisors much earlier thanthe start of the activity. Thiswill give them enough time toidentify and process their ma-terial requirement.
Supervisors should presenttheir material requirement toyou for approval before beingissued by the store clerk.
Site stores clerk should issuematerials using site vouchersagainst your approval note onthe list of materials. Con-struction site voucher shouldbe complete before any materialis taken from the store.
Monthly material returns shouldbe presented to the projectengineer for approval beforerequesting new materials. Youshould always work with up-da-ted ledger cards.
2.3.3. You will ensure thaL all ma-terials are usea for projectactivities.
2.3.4. Materials can be moved from onesite to another thrc’ugh a sys-tematized procedure. Thereshould not be any localizedexchange of material.
The construction programme forthe scheme is controlled by theproject engineer at the regio-nal project centre. Loaning ofmaterials between projects canonly take place at project en-gineer’s level. Advance notewill come from your projectengineer.
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Your store will issue materialsspecified together with twocopies of issue voucher to therecipient project. Same proce-dure will be followed as theone used for issuing materials~from central store to sitestore.
Cost centre ecijuatmente will beeffected using the issue vou-chers through the buffer store.
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MAJI DANIDALEDGERBOOK CARD/STATEMENTDESCRIPTION __________ ____
COUNTEDIN UNITS OF
PAGE NoPRICE LIST ENTRY No.PART No A/C NoBIN LOCATION
Date Receipt Delivered Scheme In Out Balance Price SignatureIssue by No. PerAccount Issued UnitNo Fc~r Tota].
SchemefName
C/F FROM PAGE No. .
C/F TO PAGE No.
Page No. 26
STAGE FIVE
ALLOCATE TRANSPORTTO ACTIVITIES
1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE:If you study this stage, you will be able toorganise the site allocated transport effectivelyfor construction activities
I 2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:By the end of this stage, you will be able toperform the following:
1 2.1. Operate monthly allocated transport forconstruction
I 2.1.1. Identify transport for con-struction materials
I 2.1.2. Identify transport for villageparticipation
2.1.3. Recognize transport for other
I purposes
2.2. Prepare weekly transport plan
2.3. Monitor transport use according to the plan
2.4. Demonstrate responsibility of transport usage
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1. OVERVIEW:
Maji/Danida allocates permanent transportation onmonthly basis to construction sites. It is thistransport which constitutes major share of schemetransport cost
The transport section allocates vehicles to sitesfrom detail transport requests prepared by pro-ject engineers. Transport is charged to schemesbased on total kilometers a scheme has run. Bylimiting yourself to planned activities only, theconstruction site can optimize the transportutilization
Often due to lack of communication it results induplication of transport resources at sites
Based on the transport requested by the projectengineer for the site, you should be able toprepare weekly transport plan. You have to ensurethat the allocated kilometers are not exceeded
At the construction site, transportation of vil-lagers and construction materials is the majorshare of monthly transport costs. If you stick toplanned activities only, you can maintain alloca-ted transport.
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2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. Transport is requested based on the activi-ties to be carried out during the month.A~tiv1ti~ ~re drnwn from tJ~e constructionprogramme (stage 1)
Number of transport trips to ferry bothmaterials and villagers to constructionsites are estimated. The standard formatused to request transport is attached atthe end of stage.
You often see, transport being sent to thevillage to collect villagers without priorplanning. This type of transport is notrequested for and can then be termed as“misuse”
2.1.1. You should use drawings to est-ablish amount of materials re-quired for all planned activi-ties during the month. Then youare able to identify exactlythe transport requirement foreach week. Remember concentra-ted construction approach isthe best option regarding tran-sport
2.1.2. Similarly, based on agreed vil-lage participation routine, thetransport requirement for thiscomponent can be fixed
2.1.3. Transport for other purposeconstitute minor component.However, by improved communica-tion at site, transport dupli-cation can be minimized
2.2. You now know all the components of trans-port requirement in a week. You also have acopy of transport request from the projectengineer for the month. You should be ableto prepare a weekly transport plan. Alloca-ted kilometer for the month should not beoverrun by the plan
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EXAMPLE:
The construction site was allocated 3000kmfor the site transport according to therequest. The site foreman should prepare aweekly transport plan
Experience show that the distribution oftransport cost among different componentsis as follows:—
Transport m~terials 50% 1500km
Transport villagers 30% 900km
Other purposes 20% 600km
If it is assumed similar activities during themonth, then the weekly transport plan will be500, 300, 200 km respectively.
2.3. Once the p1~n is prepared, it should becommunicated to other staff. The weeklytransport plan will be more useful if pre-sented in detail instead of only specifyingkilometer limit
Element of control should be exercised byyou. Vehicle movement be authorized by sig-ning the log books. It has often been poin-ted out that site foremen sign log booksfor the month on return at the yard, lea-ving the entire exercise a mere formality
2.4. You are expected to demonstr~te your res-ponsibility of transport usage to the restof the staff. You will be held responsiblewhen the amount of transport allocated toyour site is exceeded
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DANIDA WATER PROJECT MONTHLYTRANSPORTREQUESTFORMSCHEMENANE: REGISTRATION NO:PROJECT ENGINEER / HEAD OF SECTION:
PERIOD:
DATE:
19
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TYPE OFVEHICLE
REASON: FROMDATE:
TODATE:
NO. OFTRIPS:
@KM: ,‘
~T(~TA1KM: -
-
SITE TRUCK: SITE TRUCK - YARD CAMP 1
-DO-- BRICKS/SAND/AGGREGATES
-DO- CHIPINGS/CEMENT/MAT.
-DO- DAILY SCHEMEWORK
-DO- OTHER:
-DO-
-DO_ SITE TRUCK CAMP/YARD 1
ADD. TRUCK:
SITE TRUCK TOTALKM
L
SMALL VEH:
ADD. TRUCK TOTAL KMTRUCKS TOTAL KM
SURVEY:
SURVEY:
SURVEY:
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-— ------------~
S [ALL VEH1I~LETOTAL KM
NB! TO BE FILLED IN AND FORWARDEDTO THE TRANSPORTSECTION NOT LATER THAN THE 25th OFEACH MONTH. THE REQUESTMUSTCOVER THE TRANSPORTREQUIRED FOR THE FOLLOWINGMONTH.
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STAGE SIX
CONDUCT OJT TO SCHEMEATTENDANTS
1. GENERALOBJECTIVE:
If you study this stage, you will be able totrain the scheme attendants using OJT moduleduring the construction phase
2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this stage, you will be able toperform the following:—
2.1. Obtain OJT module form operation & mainte-nance section for carrying out the training
2.1.1.
2.1.2.
Identify correct timing for
different stages
collect training materials
2.2. List relevant activities for the schemeattendants to perform as part of training
~j.
2.3. Prepare training report
Page No. 32
1. OVERVIEW:
A scheme attendant is the villager appointed tobe trained for carrying out future repairs of thevillage water supply scheme. His/Her training isplanned to take place during the scheme construc-tion stage. The Maji/Danida water project sup—pnrt~ thin trninin~ fr~o cf chQrg~.
You are the trainer, the OJT module has also beendeveloped by the project. You are to conduct thescheme attendants training using the OJT module.The Kiswahili translated OJT module will be sui-table because the scheme attendants have onlyprimary education.
The OJT module will be conducted in phases tocorrespond with on-going construction activities.The scheme attendants will constantly be testedand evaluated practically.
At the end of the OJT module, the scheme atten-dants should pass the test on scheme repair exer-cise.
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2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. The OJT module was prepared by the 0 & Msection for scheme I handpump attendantswith primary education background.
The available OJT recommends mode of trai-ning to be seminars. A number of schemeattendants are gathered at one station fora period not exceeding one week. The semi-nar combines scheme attendants from dif-ferent schemes. It should be consideredthat this is a final stage aiming at evalu-ating your training efforts during con-struction.
The scheme attendant has to be trained bothon theory and practical aspects related tothe particular water scheme. You have amajor role to play in ensuring that thescheme attendants are able to carry outtrouble shooting on the scheme.
A gravity scheme has several functionalcomponents which the scheme attendants haveto operate and repair in case of breakdown. The training should cover all ele-ments of the scheme. The important items tobe included are:-
- Intake works- Pipelines - both gravity and
distribution systems- Storage tanks- Source protection in citchment- Break Pressure tanks- Pipe markers- System accessories e.g. airval-
yes, washouts, etc.
2.1.1. Construction phase of a schemeis planned systematically asindicated by the programme. Newactivities start when procee-ding one are either completedor about to be completed. Thisis to proportionate manpowerand other required resourcessuch as transport etc. OJT mo-dule should also be conductedthe same manner
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Page No. 34
It is recommended that relevantchapters covering activity forconstruction to be started sho-uld be introduced to the trai-nees as theory class. Laterafter the activity, the prac-tical aspects are discussed indetails. You should, thereforefollow the construction pro-gramme in fixing your trainingroutine of different stages
Example:Consider the construction pro-grnmme for Saza project, the
OJT programme for the schemeattendants can look like below:
SAZA WATER SUPPLY CONSTRUCTIONPROGRAMMEOJT MODULE TIMING
4-
YEAR 1991 1992
ACTIVITY MONTH M J J A S 0 N D JF M A
1 SURVEYS ::::::~
~ ~TTT
~JJL~JIt__X~1OI~—I(
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II ~(I
IZI
~O
1.JO
IXJQ
~:i
2 ORDER OF MATERIALS
3 CAMP ESTABLISHMENT
4 INTAKE WORKS
5 TRANSMISSION MAINS
6 DISTRTI3UTION SYSTEM
7 STORAGETANK
8 DOMESTIC POINTS
9 CHAMBERS, MARKERS,CROSSING
10 COMMISSION +
INSPECTION—“—------. —-- .- .r —
PPE-Auiivii’y 1Ht~U1<Y CLAs.~ (i-i Days)X ON JOB PRACTICALS0 ACTIVITY TEST CLASS (1 Day)
Page No. 35
2.1.2. Training materials according tothe OJT module include trainingaids such as film, overheadprojector, and slides apartfrom usual items like fittings,pipes,, blackboards, chalk etc.
You will agree with me thattraining aids will not be re-quired for this continuous tra-ining which impulses more prac-tical?
2.2. You will list all activities which thescheme attendants should participate duringconstruction as part of training. Theseactivities will be identified during thetheoretical classes to be held at the sitecamp before implementation of activity
Add more on the following list of activiti-es:
i) Plumbing of intake structureii) Internal plumbing of storage tanks,
break pressure tanksiii) Installation of air valve and wash
outsiv) Fixing pipe markers on important
pointsv) Branching pipeline to DPsvi) Assembling of a DP standvii) Installation of gate valves etc.
2.3k You have to report back to the project en-gineer on how the training is being conduc-ted, its progress and programme of allscheme attendants within your scheme. theidea behind the feedback channel i~ to de-termine whether all scheme attendants arecapable to make future repairs or not. Ifsome of them are to be substituted, thevillage can he advised before the construc-tion is completed
Page No. 36
STAGE SEVEN
COMPILE PROGRESSREPORTS
1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
If you study this stage, you will be able tounderstand essential elements of a progress re-port to be prepared in order to communicate withhigher authorities
2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this stage, you will be able toperform the following:-
2.1. List elements of a progress report to beincluded
2.2. Recognize future use of your progress re-
ports
2.3. Compile a monthly progress report
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
Specify causes of shortcomingsto plan
Make general observations to,the progress
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1. OVERVIEW:
Progress reports form an important component ofthe project implementation. They relate the plansprepared with practical achievement
A good progress report should contain asmuch relevant Information related to pro-ject implementation as possible. Requiredinformation can be extracted from the re-port without making further consultations.
You supervise construction activities of awater project, your report should containall elements associated to the practicalexecution of the project. Example, withoutreporting the availability of villagersduring the month leaves the report in-complete and so on.
You should present one report per month tothe project engineer before the monthlyprogress meeting. There are several mee-tings debating on the progress of the samescheme at the end of the month. You shouldensure that all presentations are basedfrom the same original report prepared byyou. This will avoid contradictory state-ments.
The key points will clarify on typical forimplementation progress
Page No. 38
2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. To be able to relate the actual performancewith the monthly implementation plan, thefollowing elements should be known. Theyshould indicate actual again~t plan.
i) Village participation attendan-~e (number)
ii) Materialsiii) Transport, in kilometresiv) Manpower, both skilled and un-,
skilled (number or manmonths)v) Construction activityvi) External supportvii) Meetings - site staff and pro-
ject committeeviii) Site visits, project engineer,
RWE, RPA, CD, etc.
You should note that construction activiti-es refers to the construction programme andlater interpreted as discussed in stage 1.if in the reporting month, work was pipe-laying activity, kilometer of pipeline laidwill apply and so on. For more than oneactivity all are considered independently.
To include all above elements in your re-port, you have to take note of daily deve-lopments related to construction. The siteclerk if well explained can be used in re-cording this information.
pie:
A site foreman was presenting his monthlyprogress report during the meeting. Themeeting proceeded as follows:
Chairman: Lets now have the report forSaza project
Foreman: (Had few sentences on a pieceof cigarette paper) Thank you,Saza project has performed qui-te well this month
- Storage tank constructioncontinued well
Page No. 39
- Pipelaying was delayedbecause we are waitingfor pipes from abroad
- Villages continued toexcavate a lot of tren-ches
- Village activities suf-fered due to poor turnout
- Saza project is lackingessential drawings
Thank you Mr Chairman, that wn~my report
Chairman:
Member:
Foreman:
Chairman:
Foreman:
Chairman:
That was the report for Saza,anybody with questions or ob-servations?When do we expect Saza projectto be completed?According to the ‘onstructionprogramme, it is to be comple-ted in April 1992What is the problem with villa-ge participation?Please may I ask the CPA toreply to this question withyour permission(he forgot that the CPA was nota member to this meeting) Oh! Iwill find out the answer later,~irOk, let’s move to the next pro-ject, Chabu
You should consider a typical progress re-port presented by your fellow colleague.Please make some observation from thisotherwise brief report
Can I comment as follows:-
a) The report contains unquantified ac-tivities
b) The foreman is implementing randomlywithout relating it to plans prepared
c) The implementor do not know the over-all performance
ci) Foreman is unable to take control ofall elements of activity
e) Site meetings not held, no forum forcommunication
Page No. 40
You need to know the future use of yourreport to avoid unclear communications
2.2. Progress reports prepared by you providesan important input for all future reportsto be prepared. They come from the centreof activity and are therefore realistic. Ifyou present report containing guessed in-formation, this will result in all furtherreports being unreliable and useless
The following reports depend on your pro-gress reports:
— Project ~ng4n~r’~ report to th. man—
thly progress meeting- RWE’s quarterly report to the mini-
stry for fund request processing- RPA’s quarterly report to the donor
agency through PICU- VIPA’s quarterly report for community
participation- RWE’s report to the RDD for evalua-
ting development targets
2.3. To prepare a good report which will findfuture use, all elements listed in keypoint 2.1. must be included.
To report on all elements listed, you needinformation which has to be compiled on adaily basis
Tips for preparation of a good report
- Always carry out the construction perplan
- Avoid unnecessary work rescheduling- Make work supervisors to give feed-
back daily- Avoid general statements during re-
porting- Monitor staff attendance on their
assignment
Report you are submitting should only coveractivity progress up to the reporting date.Never forecast performance for your report
If you are unable to quantify the activityfrom the plan, which it shouldn’t consultyour project engineer to clarify the target
Page No. 41
The standard format to assist you in compi-ling the progress report is shown below:
A ACTIVITY
1. Camp Construction2. Intake structure3. Transmission pipe-
lines:3.1. setting out, km3.2. trenching, km3.3. pipe laying, km
4. Storage tanks5. Distribution pipe-
l’i n e S
5.1. setting out, km5.2. trenching, km5.3. pipe laying, km
6. Domestic points7. Break Pressure Tanks8. Chambers, markers,
crossings
B Ressources
1. Transport, MDV kinLV km
2. VP-attendance, No.3. Labour
3.1. skilled, No.3.2. unskilled,’ No.
General Remarks
:
Site staff meeting: _________
Project committee meeting
:
Construction materials: _____
Scheme
Ref No.:
Month/Year:
Time Schedule:
STANDARDREPORTING FORMAT
______________________ District: _______________
____________________ Region: ________________
_________________ Site Foreman: _________
_____________ Starting Date: ________
Completion Date: ______
PLAN ACTUAL - REMARKS
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Page No. 42
2.3.1. While compiling your progressreport, often you will noteshortcomings as compared toplan
It is always useful to the de-sign engineer to know the spe-cific causes. It could be thatthe prepared plan was too ambi-tious and therefore unrea-listic. This feedback should bereflected in your report acti-vity. Even those activitieswith their monthly targets ex-ceeded should be shown.
2.3.2. Always the report nhc~,u1d con-tain general observations (ifany). These can also revealrecommendation for improvementto the job situation
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Page No. 43
STAGE EIGHT
PARTICIPATE IN RELEVANT PROJECT MEETINGS
1. OENERAL0DJECTIVE~
If you study this stage, you will be able toparticipate actively in all relevant meetingsconcerningk your project.
1 2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:By the end of this stage, you will be able to
i perform the following:-2.1. Agree on points for the site staff meeting
I agenda2.2. Conduct monthly site staff meeting
1 2.2.1. Identify meeting participants
I , 2.2.2. Accept open and free discus-sions
2.2.3. Process meeting resolutions
I2.3. Advise on points for the project committee
I meeting agenda2.4. Attend project committee meeting
2.4.1. Define activities for villageparticipation
1 2.4.2. Reveal future implementationplan
1 2.4.3. List all the resolutions agreed
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Page No. 44
1. OVERVIEW:
Meetings provide opportunity to communicate amongparties involved in the project. Meetings alsohelp you in organising the construction team,equipment, materials and village participationcomponent.
To obtain maximum advantage front such importantforum, meetings should be well prepared and con-ducted. Members be given opportunity to presentviews openly and be activated to propose possiblesolutions. You should not treat criticisms to bepersonal, but aim at achieving better workingclimate
Two meetings should be conducted every month,These are site staff meetings held at the con-struction camp and the project meeting involving~11 covered villiigeg by the project
You are the link member of both meetings. To havean effective meeting both the attendance shouldbe good and the agenda be exhaustive
Both meetings being regular, permanent chairper-son and secretaries should be known to enablefollow up of resolutions
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Page No. 45
2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. To have a successful site staff meetingsthe agenda should be well composed. Thismeetings is balled to review the activities ,
during respective month and also discussissues related to construction team
Progress of project activities is comparedto the prepared plan and major constraint4.d~ntif~ød And mirtutcd. Ydu Will ~me that major interest for the constructioateam in this meeting is on how the con-struction site is administered
You should give equal opportunity to allmembers of the construction team within acertain deadline to propose points for theagenda. As far as possible, the agendashould be drawn from these points submit—ted. This will motivate team members todeliberate actively on matters of commoninterest.
2.2. You will be the chairperson for the staffmeeting held once a month. A secretary willbe appointed among the members, a communityparticipation representative a potentialcandidate
2.2.1. All employees staying at theconstruction camp are membersto this meeting
2.2.2. Individuals be allowed to pre-sent and clarify agenda pointsbrought by themselves. You areto provide clarifications rela-ted to these points accordingto the project guidelines
Members be encouraged to freelyair their opinion on particularissues. You should note areasof disagreement for referenceand consultation. Proposals forimprovement should also be pre-.s~ented to project engineer
2.2.3. The meeting will end up withseveral resolutions. These sho-uld be minuted by the secre-tary. The following procedure
Page No. 46
is recommended for processingthe meeting resolutions:
- Minutes be compiled- Minutes copied to project
engineer, site file andCP section for informa-tion/action
- You should follow up re-solutions
- Prepare agreed follow upnotes
2.3. The project committee meetings invol-ye representatives from all coveredvillages, ward/division secretaries,district water engineer, and repre-sentatives of your construction team.It is a co-ordination meeting to keeptrack of the project
This is an important meeting you sho-uld not miss, because it reviews bothvillage participation and technicalinputs of the project
In normal circumstances, the meetingis run by more or less a standardagenda. This agenda is prepared toensure that all important items rela-ted to future 0 & M of the scheme arediscussed.
The standard meeting agenda is as follo-wing:
i) Opening of meetingii) Minutes of previous mee-
tingiii) Matters arising form the
meetingiv) Progress of work activi-
tiesv) Work plan for next month
vi) 0 & M water fund situa-tion
vii) Any other businessviii) Closing of meeting
You should ~oint out any other agenda youthink is to be taken up and not covered bythe above agenda. Both the chairperson andsecretariat should be among the beneficiarygroup. You can only advise
Page No. 47
2.4. If the project covers more than one villa-ge, the meeting should be held in differentvillages on rational basis. This will giveeach village equal opportunity to organisethe discussions on water issues. It willalso provide opportunity to study individu-al village water committees separately.
The meeting should continue to be held inthe villages even after the scheme is han-ded over by the project. The frequency ofthe meeting can be reviewed if found neces-~sary. To achieve this goal, you should notprovide any services which are not sustai-nable after handover, such as transport topick members from villages
2.4.1. You know from stage 1, the pro-ject monthly implementationplan. You are able to informmembers of activities to becarried out precisely
You should clearly distinguishactivities demanding villageparticipation input from thoseexclusively technical. On thebasis of the plan, you willcalculate the number of villa-gers for each activity andwhen. The copy of this routineplan should be given to thecommunity participation repre-sentative for detail agreementwith the individual villages
You should be able to say, forexample week activities will beexclusively technical and no CPinput needed, if your plan in-dicate that
2.4.2. List all the working resolu-tions agreed during the meetingproceeding. You should organiseresolution follow up trips tothe villages. Findings fromthese follow-up trips should bereported to the next meetingfor action.
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Page No. 48
STAGE NINE
MAINTAIN STANDARD QUALITY OF WORK
1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
If you study this stage, you will be able tomaintain standard quality of work in all con-struction activities.
1 2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this stage, you will be able to
I perform the following:-2.1. Identify work specifications for different
I activities2.1.1. Pipe laying activity
1 2.1.2. Concrete structures
I 2.2. Identify work specifications for differentactivi ties
I ~ 2.2.1 Use approved documents/drawings1~y relevant authorities
I 2.2.2. Verify proper concrete mixesfor structures
2.2.3. Select right technical supervi-sor for each work activity
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Page No. 49
1. OVERVIEW:
Engineering activities have specifications gui-ding their execution against failure and substan-dard quality of work.
Water projects which you are constructing have adesign period of 20 years. This only refers tothe system capacity only. It means that after 20years, the system expansion will be required. ~utall concrete structures and pipelines shouldstill be usable if not sabotaged
You are the site agent to ensure that all re-quired standards are maintained on all activiti-es. Every activity however small it might becontributes to the whole job.
Page No. 50
2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. Work specification standards are normally shownon the drawings to be used for execution. Youhave to make sure that all specifications areclear to you. Please consult your project engine-er in case of doubts
2.1.1. All types ot pipeA are elaNmifi.d$and each class requires special con-ditions. Different countries and sup-pliers specify the classes in dif-ferent ways. But they can be linkedby how much water pressure the pipecan resist
Example: / Question
Match the pipe classes representingthe following:-
PN 6 Class
PN 10 —
PN 16 -
(Answer: B, C, D respectively)
Some of the pipe types can be laid onthe ground and not affected by weat-her situations, unlike plastic pipes.Plastic pipes require trenches ofstandard quality to avoid deteriora-tion
All class of pipes required in a sec-tion are shown on de~ign drawings.You are expected to certify the pipeclass prior to pipelaying activity
2.1.2. Concrete can be prepared of differentqualities depending on specifica-tions. For example, a 1:2:4 concreteis richer than 1:3:6 even though thenumber increases
Page No. 51
Each structure demand particularconcrete mix according to the design.As a site agent you are expected tocertify the concrete quality, themixes are prepared by volumetricmeasurements
2.2. To maintain quality of work, you shouldavoid errors, some of them alreadyexplained in different stages of learningmaterials
2.2.1. All documents and drawings youuse for construction have tohave approval signatures asexplained
2.2.2. Keep control of concrete mixes:Over riching concrete result inwaste, Under riched concreteendangers safety
2.2.3. Role of supervision ondifferent works plays animportant part. Choose theright supervisor for each workactivity
- /I’
RuralIringa,
Course/OJT:
Target Group:
LM Developer:
Danida/Naj IWater Supply ProgrammeMbeya and Ruvuina Regions
Proper use of Domestic Points
Tap Attendants
Sekela Mukinga
Learning Materials DevelopmentWorkshop, DSM, January 20 -
February 7, 1992
IIIIIIII
‘DAIWA WATER PROJECTLIBRARY
No- ___________Date: 37~~ —____
DAH.ES~SALAAM1
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Sekela Mukinga
Purpose of Learning Material
The aim of developing the Learning Material for the TapAttendant has been mainly to fulfil the followingobjectives:
Having gone through this Learning Material the TapAttendant shall be able to - in collaboration withher/his fellow villagers - help in improving health andsanitatiOn elements, particularly with respect to thewater supply in the village.
It shall also have the end result where the Tap Atten-dant as well as other villagers improve the attitude ofself responsibility towards the scheme and finallyimprove the role of women towards decision making inthe village towards water as well as other issues.
This Learning Material has been designed in such a waythat it contains the methods/skills on how to traindomestic points’ users who are the normal villagers, onhow to use water points hygienically and efficiently.
It also teaches or contains the methods on how toimprove coimmmication network between the Village WaterCommittee and the scheme attendant in the day to day
work, as regards the water.The questions of follow-up to better use of DP’s aswell as in the DP surroundings are also emphasized. The
LearningMaterials guide also speaks and advise on how
to supervise the surrounding of DP’s and how the villa-gers can do in their day to day planning with regard towater and sanitation issues.
It is expected that once the Learning Materials~guidehas- been successfully used it can be a source whereby
our water supply schemesproduce to the long term aswell as intended objectives normally improved watersupply with an intention of having better health for
the people who will participate more/better in thecountry’ s development
The learner should be advised that the end result of
his learning could act as a vary important element inchange of attitude, whereby th~ project is maintainedby the villagers themselves.
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STAGE ONE
1. General Oblective:
After this training the Tap Attendant will beable to train the DP users to keep the surroun-ding clean.
2. Specific Oblectives:
After the session the Tap Attendant will be ableto:
2.1 Identify the equipment and materials fortraining
2.2 Inform the village leader, village watercommittee and scheme attendant
2.3
Arrange the place where the training willbe (venue)
2.4
r4st the topics (agenda) for training
2.5 Conduct a training
I1. OVERVIEW
In training you must know what you want to train
andwhich tools and materia1s~ you will use to
train~ DP 1.Leers,. where the trainee can be.. Thinkabout the language which you can. use, if pos-sible,. discuss with them. Use a simple language.
(Reserved for picture)
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2.1 There are many materials you use for trai-ning, but for the Tap Attendantter to explain and use a simpleis related with your material.you cannot use explanation, sota help the inability of wordstions to explain~
2. KEY POINTS
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it is bet—story whichAlso, if
use picturesand abstrac—
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Page No. 4
Also, it is better to know the cultural.education and experiential background ofthe learner in order to prepare materials.
1I1I (Reserved for picture)
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Page No. 5
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2.2 Communication is a good way to achieve suc-ceasful achievement of training. You can-
I not arrange the training for 1W users mee-ting before informing the leader of thevillage. So, first you inform the villagewater committee, then the village water
I committee informs the village chairman - 80
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Page No. 6
you go together to talk with the chairman.You can’t use a letter, because it takes along time to communicate.
2.3 The preparations of training you must knowwhere the venue can be. Before you arrangethe place you must tell the Tap Attendantand give ideas.
2.4 Before you arrange anything you must knowwhat you want to train. You cannot go tothe venue when you didn’t know what youwant to train the DP users. So first youmust arrange the agenda or topics, e.g.:
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Date J ‘Time TopicPresenter
I I I
J .3.9219:00— How to clean the PP
I jl0:00 I surroundings I
1 IIll:OOI How to handle (keep) I1—1:001 the tap I
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2.5 After you have a list of topics you conduct
I the DP users meeting where you arranged it.
STAGE TW~:
1. General Qblective:
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Page No. 7
After this stage you will be able to work toget-her with village water committee, scheme atten-dant, and village government for a common purpo-se.
2. Specific Objectives:
By the end of this session, you will be able to:
2.1. Arrange the meeting with scheme attendantand village water committee.
2.2. Conduct a meeting.
2.3. Report to village water committee and sche-
me attendant if there is any problems.
1. OVERVIEW:
In work together with village water committee,scheme attendants, village government, and villa-gers you must have a good communication withothers. You must talk with them and discuss withthem exchange ideas. If you are not able to talkwith them, you can have many problems. Throughgood communication, you will get good results.
2. KEY POINT:
2.1. You must cooperate with VWCand scheme at-tendant, at Least to give your ideas. Alt-hough the village water committee and sche-me attendant they can learn something.Every thing which you arrange to tap atten—
dant
must be open to VWCand Scheme atten-dant. Because they are working together.So when you arrange meetings for tap atten-dants, arrange together with. scheme atten-
dent and village water committee.2.2. Work together that means the tap attendant
can arrange the meeting but she can invitethe- member of village water committee tothe topic or agenda, and the scheme atten-
dantcan introduce the topic how to handle
a tap.
2.3. You need to report every time. when problems
occur. You report to village water commit—
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Page No. 8
tee and scheme attendant e.g. tap brokenyou must report to scheme attendant thatproblem.
STAGE THREE:
1. General Oblective:
After this training the tap attendat will be ableto make follow-up to their surroundings of DP.
2. Specific Objectives:
By the end of this session the tap attendant will
be able to:
2.1. Monitoring the surroundings of 1~.
2.2. Collections of water funds fr~ ~
2.3. Advise the adult and children do not playi-
ng, washing and bathing there.
2.4. Check the soak-pit if it not flowing.
1. OVERVIEW:
Normally when you conduct training you must fol-low-up the learner if they learn something. Alsofor DP users you must go follow—up in order toknow if they learn. For follow-up you must checkthe work which done.
Without follow-up the PP users can forget whatthey learn. FoLlow-up you can not get inf or-mation from other people, but you go person toperson to check the work e. g. you can arrangeevery morning to pass to the PP to check if thesurrounding clean. So you examine by follow up.When you are checking you must have a time tableof work clean in order to know who are supposedto clean that day.
TIME TABLE FOR CLEANING:
I I I
II
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I
INAME OF BALOZII NAMEOF DP USERSI
IASON ANDREW Ii.j2.
I II I
I II I
I Ii.I 12.
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Page No. 9
WORK
I CLEANING
STJRROUN-
CUTTING
SWEEPING,
I IRRIGATION
IFL0WEI~.
-DO-
2. KEY POINTS:
2.1. The tap attendant must have monitoring timetable for PP users in order to know what itis going on, example of time table (seetime table above).
M. ADRIAN
S. CHAULA
A. MARTHA
DATE
Il .3.921THE
I!~INGS EG.
c~LASS,
O
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1I~
2.~.92
I~
~~I
~I
~I
K. MBUTOLWE
BUPE JWANI
F. ASAGWILE
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Page No. 10
2.2. In follow-up you must know how many peopleare fined, and how much money are readycollected. In this case it depending iftheir misusing that they can fined. Infollow-up you must check the receipt bookto know how much money are collected.
2.3. The tap attendant must know the by-lawwhich are discussed with village govern-ment, in order to follow up. The villagegovernment must have by-law for the DP mis-using.
2.4. The surroundings of DP must be in good con-dition, also the soackpit. Tap attendantmust check the soak-pit if it over flowingif a flowing then tell the people who are~p~sed to clean in order to reduce dirty.
STACE FOUR:
1. General Oblective:
By the end of this session the Tap attendant willbe able to arrange the women groups discussion.
2. Specific Oblectives:
By the end of this session the Tap attendant willbe able to:
2.1. Make women groups for discussion.2.2. Explain to take care of children at the PP.
2.3. Explain the importance of water in our lifeand. keeping water in our homes (house).
1. OVERVIEW:
The women group discussions help women to fillfree to talk sometimes the women are shy when
they are together with men. So women group die-
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Page No. 11
cussion helps to have a good talk with otherwomen. The Tap attendant she can convince otherwomen by using explanation of the water projectthat it is to the benefit of women. Group dis-cussions help to exchange ideas.
2. KEY PO~LNTS:
2.1. You can make small groups of at least fiveto ten (5-10) people and make discussion.So you arrange the programme in groups.Before you arrange the programme you mustcommunicate for exchange of ideas. For thegroup discussion you can use a drawing.
2.2. In group discussion, the women can discusstogether they can take care of childrenat the DP. You use two different drawings:
(1) sI~,ing dirty DP and
(2) showing the clean Dp.
Explain to the children who are misusingthe OP what action should be taken by themother.
(See the different drawings):
Drawincis:
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2.3. The importance of water in our life andkeeping water in our house/homes. You sho-uld make sure that the women are trainedhow to keep clean water in our house. Ex-plain by drawing how you can clean water byboiling it. Explain to have two pots inthe house, one for drinking only and anot-her for other business. And to train thechildren to keep the water clean. We boilwater in order to prevent sickness. Watercan look clean but can still carry a sick-ness for people.
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