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FIRE DETECTION BY SATELLITE FOR FIRE

CONTROL IN MONGOLIAGlobal Geostationary Fire Monitoring Workshop on 23-25 March, 2004

Darmstadt Germany

S.Tuya, K.Kajiwara, Y.Honda

CEReS of Chiba University & JAXA

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Presentation outline

1. Introduction

2. Goal & Objective

3. Study area & Data

4. Methodology

5. Results & Conclusion

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INTRODUCTIONForests and grasslands play an important role in the economy development of the country. Forest cover is 8.1% and grassland cover is 70% of all territory. In an average year occur the 50-60 forest fires and 80-100 steppe fires. Since 1987 the Information and Computer Center of Ministry for Nature and the Environment daily receives the AVHRR (Advances Very High Resolution Radiometer) data from NOAA meteorological satellite, which can be used to detect and monitor the forest and steppe fire over whole territory of Mongolia. Fire monitoring in Mongolia is essential for all kind of land-use planning and forest management. To detect and monitor wildfires and to support fire management activities with real time information on fire events is of high priority. To meet this objective, a fire detection methodology based an NOAA AVHRR data has been developed at the Information Computer Center. To improve the fire monitoring, a second processing chain was set up using the WFW software in 2000.

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GOAL

We need an ability to real time quickly detect, locate and respond fires using satellite data.To reducing their ecological and economical damages in the country. 

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OBJECTIVE

Determine the location of active fires using satellite data

Determine the total burned area Compare the suitability of different satellite

data for fire monitoring and assessment

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Study area

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION. (41O35'N - 52O09'N and 87O44'E - 119O56'E) and bounded by Russia and China.

TOTAL TERRITORY: 1,566,500 sq. km.

POPULATION: more than 2.7 million persons.

CAPITAL: Ulaanbaatar. Its population is more than 650,000 persons.

BASIC OF MONGOLIAN ECONOMY: livestock farming.

CLIMATE: continental

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Mean annual NDVI 1982-2000 Mongolia

Mongolia

Russia

China

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Forest

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Grassland

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DATA USE Satellite data

NOAA-AVHRR 1km ( 4,7 April 2000, 5.May, 2003)

LANDSAT-TM ( 7. April, 2000) MODIS-TERRA 1km, 500m, 250 m

(5.May, 2003 26. May, 2003)

ADEOS-II, GLI 1km (5.May, 2003 26. May, 2003)

Ancillary data* Rivers, lakes, road and political

boundaries

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1. METHODOLOGY at ICC Fire detection methodology in practice at ICCI. Active fire:

a) T3 > 45oC b) R1(or R2) = 6 – 12

II. Burnt area:a) T3 > 35 - 45oCb) R1(or R2) = 3 – 6

CH3- Temperature of NOAA-AVHRR channel 3.CH1 or CH2 – reflectance of NOAA-AVHRR channel 1 or 2CH4 or 5-Temperature of NOAA-AVHRR channel 4 or 5 are used for cloud masking.

In the final image product, active fires are identified by visual interpretation and plausibility check.

ICC -Information Computer Centre in Mongolia

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Daily Fire Map and Hot Spots From NOAA-AVHRR Data Using Traditional method at

ICC

Trends of steppe fire over Dornod and Khentii aimags (North Eastern part of Mongolia). 07.April.2000

nightafternoo

n

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Total burned area map of Mongolia 2000

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Fire Frequency Map of Mongolia 1996-2001

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2. METHODOLOGY at JRC Fire detection methodology WFW in JRCI.Threshold Fire Test: a selection of pixels that could potentially contain fires, and thus be called "fire

pixels".

A pixel is selected as a potential fire if:Tb(3) > 311K and Tb(3) - Tb(4) > 8K

II. Contextual Fire Test: a confirmation of the fire pixel classification by comparing the pixel with its immediate neighborhood.

A potential fire is then confirmed if: [Tb(3) - Tb(4)] > Tb(34)bg + 2 s(34)bg and Tb(3) > Tb(3)bg + 2 s(3)bg + 3K.

Tb(i) represents the brightness temperature of channel i (i = 3, 4, 5). Tb(3)bg = Mean T b(3) in the background. s(3)bg = Standard deviation of T b(3) in the background. Tb(34)bg = Mean value of [T b(3) - Tb(4)] of pixels in the background. s(34) bg = Standard deviation of [Tb(3) - Tb(4)] of pixels in the background

WFW in JRC- World Fire Web in Joint Research Centre

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Daily Fire Map and Hot Spots From NOAA-AVHRR Data Using WFW system at JRC

Daily, global fire maps are built up at the JRC in Italy from this regional data by automatically sharing regional fire maps over the internet. Global fire information is then available on-line, in near real-time.

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Daily Fire Map and Hot Spots From NOAA-AVHRR Data Using WFW system at JRC

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Fire Frequency Map of Mongolia for the period of March-May 2000 using

WFW and Arc View

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Comparison of NOAA-AVHRR data and Landsat-TM data for fire monitoring

Burned Area Map of Dornod Region ( 2000.04.10 )

Example of Burned area Example of Burned area LANDSAT-TM NOAA-14

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Comparison of NOAA-AVHRR data and Landsat-TM data for fire monitoring

Active Fire of Dornod Region ( 2000.04.10 )

Landsat-TM Active fire NOAA-14 Active Fire

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3. METHODOLOGY USING THRESHOLD VALUE

Fire detection threshold for potential fire pixels

1.For NOAA-AVHRR CH (3) > 311K and CH (3) - CH (4) > 8K

CH (2) < 0.20

2. For MODIS-TERRACH21>360K

CH31>320K and CH21- CH31>20K

3. For ADEOS-II, GLI

CH30>330K

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Fire map using NOAA-AVHRR 1km

Steppe fire in 05.May 2003, Northern Mongolia

- Red points is Hot spots

- Dark blue is burned area ( 7953.sq.km2 )

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Fire map using MODIS-TERRA 1km

Steppe fire in 05.May 2003, Northern Mongolia

- Red points is Hot spots

- Dark green is burned area (7521.sq.km2 )

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Fire map using ADEOS-II, GLI 1km

Steppe fire in 05.May 2003, Northern Mongolia

- Red points is Hot spots

- Dark brown is burned area (7838.sq.km2 )

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Burned area map using MODIS-TERRA- 1km, 500m,250m

Burned area of steppe fire on 05.May 2003 Dornod region in the Northern Mongolia

1km 500m 250m I- 3633.sq.km2 I- 3603.sq.km2 I- 3626.sq.km2

II- 3888.sq.km2 II- 3752.sq.km2 II- 3734.sq.km2

I

II

I

II II

I

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Burnt area maps of Mongolia for the spring period of 2003

ADEOS-II GLI 26.05.2003

ADEOS-II GLI 05.05.2003

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Operative service for end usersOperative service for end users

Internet

X25 protocol

Inter Organization Network

State Emergency Committee

Fire Fighting Office

Civil Defence Office

Fire Fighting Office in aimags

Hydrometeorological

Center in Aimags

Aimag Administrative Staff

Ministry Nature and Environme

nt

Government

Other organizations

ICC

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Result

The new processing chain can detect fires and burnt area automatically.

To a small extend, both methodologies confuses active fires with very hot land surfaces.

The major disadvantage of the WFW system compared to the local method is, that real time observation is not possible. Necessary ephemeris data for the fire processing is available at the earliest one day after the image reception.

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Result AVHRR has two major advantages for fire monitoring. First, its

observation covers the entire region everyday at a moderate resolution 1.1 km, which is critical for operational fire monitoring. Second, it has wide spectral coverage. But AVHRR images give the general locations and size of burned area of current fires.

Used ADEOS-II GLI and MODIS-TERRA images can progressed the accuracy for calculating the burned area and hotspots. The estimation of burned area using new sensors gives details information on burnt areas for the environmental assessments of damage. A totally 4,946,99 thousand ha grassland was burnt on 26.May, 2003

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Conclusion

Fire monitoring methodology improvement in Mongolia is essential for all kind of land-use planning and forest management.

A large data base can be achieved over the entire fire season for further evaluations and research activities.

The WFW approach is able to cover large areas (e.g. entire NOAA scene), where as the traditional method concentrates on specific regions of interests.

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Conclusion To a small extend, both methodologies confuses

active fires with very hot land surfaces. Understand the impacts of global environmental

change related on the major individual influences of local and regional climate change. Therefore wild fires in the Mongolia are one of factors of local area individuals to great global change. Consequently, I think fire monitoring in Mongolia is one part of local activities contribution to global change research.

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Global

Regional Asia

Local

Global Fire Monitoring

.

Thank you for your kind attention