1 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 28 January, 2013 A Brighter Tomorrow LED Streetlighting in...

William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 128 January, 2013

A Brighter TomorrowLED Streetlighting in Toronto

Solid State Street Lighting

March 19, 2013


ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00Re-affirmed 2010

Recommended Practice for Roadway Lighting


Purpose of Standard

Recommended practice for designing new, continuous lighting systems

Roadways, adjacent bikeways, and pedestrian ways

Basis for design of fixed lighting


RP-8-? (Being voted on again by RLC & TRC)

ANSI/IES Document, if Approved will:

•Use only Table 3 (Luminance)

•Split into new Table 2 (Roadways) and Table 3 (Streets)

– Illuminance may be moved to Annex

•Not include Cut-off Classifications

•Relate to TM-15 and Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance (MLO) BUG Ratings for Uplight control

•Rely on Veiling Luminance Ratio calculations for Glare Control

•Describe Limited Use of Mesopic Multipliers based on TM-12-12

Hope to Publish in 2013.


Joint IDA-IES

Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance

MLO

IES


Prescriptive Method

Lumen density limits to address over-lighting

3 digit identification system for lighting products

• “B rating” Backlight or “light trespass”

• “U rating” Upward light or “sky glow”

• “G rating” High angle zone or “glare”

Limits for each lighting zone are published

in TM-15-11(Luminaire Classification

System for Outdoor Luminaires)


Street Lighting Ordinance (Optional)

Light Shielding and Distribution

Cobra Head Street lights shall have zero uplight

Glare control shall meet requirements of ANSI/IES

RP-8-00 Veiling Luminance Ratio (Lv)

Exemption;

Decorative or architectural streetlights designed for specific district shall meet uplight control requirements

“U”

Mesopic Vision

The Blue Lumen Myth


Roadway Lighting Committee (RLC) Research & Development

Presentation by Dr. Ron Gibbons, VTTI to sub-committee in LA Oct 1, 2010

Mesopic Factor (S/P ratio) does not apply to foveal vision.

Can be applied to peripheral vision when adaptation level is in the mesopic range

Will be used only for areas primarily used by pedestrians when posted traffic speed is at or below 40 kph (25 mph)

Calculation process is iterative and is performed at each calculation point. Is not a multiplier that can applied to lamp lumens or illuminance levels

• Use and calculation methods discussed at RLC meeting in Dallas last week

• May be deleted from final edition


IES Lighting Handbook 2011

0.3 cd/m²

S/P Ratios &

Mesopic Multipliers


What is Different about LED?

•Performance Considerations

•Standards and Testing Procedures

•Designing with LED Luminaires

William A. Smelser, BSc., IESNA, LC


Performance Considerations

HID Light Sources

Light produced by electric arc

Intermittent (120 times per second) AC current

Will extinguish if line voltage not maintained. One to 20 minute restrike

No adjustment for operating temperature

LED Light Sources

Light produced by photon emission at diode junction

Continuous light with DC current

Instant on and restrike

Life and efficacy affected by operating temperature


Performance Testing

IESNA Testing Procedures For

LED Luminaires


Performance Testing

HID Luminaires

Photometric testing to IES LM-31

Adjusted to published initial lamp lumens

No adjustment for operating temperature

No adjustment to lamp life

LED Luminaires

Photometric testing to IES LM-79

Absolute photometry

Lamp life and efficacy are derived from data accumulated using IES LM-80 procedures based on LED junction temperatures in a luminaire and calculated using TM-21-11 procedures

14


LED Measurement Procedures

15


LM-79-08

Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting Products

Absolute photometry

Type C moving mirror goneophotometers normally used for measurement of luminous intensity distribution from which total luminous flux can be obtained

Spectroradiometer or colorimiter may be used to measure chromaticity co-ordinates, CCT and CRI. Spectral Power Distribution may also be determined


LM-79-08

Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting Products

Tests are performed in a chamber with no external air flow at an ambient temperature controlled to 25˚C ± 1˚C

Luminaire is placed in measuring instrument and energized for a period of time until thermal equilibrium is reached

Measurements are recorded and published without any correction factors

Other electrical data is recorded

Electronic file is prepared using LM-63 format


LM-80-08

Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources

LED Light Sources are tested at a minimum of three case temperatures (Ts); 55˚C and 85˚C plus one other.

Test point is defined by the manufacturer so as to correlate to and be used to calculate Junction Temperature (Tj).

Ambient temperature in test instrument to be maintained at 25˚C ± 1˚C

Drive current is set and remains constant throughout the test cycle

Both luminous flux and chromaticity are recorded initially and at every 1,000 hours for a minimum of 6,000 or a preferred 10,000 hours.

18


LM-80-08

Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources

Resulting reports provide Lamp Lumen Output at the three or more junction temperatures (Tj) used in the test.

19


TM-21-11

Projecting Long Term

Lumen Maintenance of

LED Light Sources

Approved by the IES Board in July 2011


•TM-21 supplements IES LM-80 raw test data to provide LED lifetime projections that are consistent and understandable

•Committee included U.S. Dept. Of Energy, NIST, PNNL, Cree, Philips Lumileds, Nichia and OSRAM

•TM-21 provides two major functions:

1. Extrapolate a single LM-80 data set to estimate Lxx LED lifetime

2. Interpolate a matched LM-80 data set (same current, 3 different temperatures) for a specific temperature, and estimate Lxx LED lifetime

LM-80 & TM-21

LM-80(testing)

+ =TM-21(projection)

Something useful

Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree


TM-21 New Concepts

Lxx(Yk)

• xx = % lumen maintenance (e.g., L70, L88 , L50)• Y = duration of LM-80 test used for the projection• Calculated & Reported Lifetime

• Calculated = what the extrapolation says• Reported = Calculated, limited by LM-80 test duration

(6x LM-80 for sample size ≥ 20)

Lifetimes always rounded to 3 significant digits• 36,288 36,300• 215,145 215,000

Example: L70(12k)



TM-21-11 Tables

ABT1 30LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 96% 95%60K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94%70K 100% 100% 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93%80K 100% 100% 100% 98% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92%90K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 95% 94% 92% 91%100K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 94% 93% 92% 91%



Ambient Temperatures


TM-21-11 Tables

8 November, 2011 24

ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%



Ambient Temperatures


TM-21-11 Curves

Ambient °C

60 LED E70


Levels of LED Standards

Level Description Example

Basic definition LED chip, LED lamp, Module, Light Engine…

IES RP-16

LED Component Colour, Lumen Maintenance, Binning…

ANSI C78.377A, IES LM-80, IES TM-21, NEMA SSL-3,CSA C22.2 No. 250.13

Fixture Photometry, safety IES LM-79, UL 8750, CSA C22.2 No.250

Application Streets, Roadways Parking Areas

IES RP-8,IES RP-20

Program Energy, utility US EPA Energy Star, Design Lights Consortia, Korean Energy Program, etc.



Junction Temperature Relationships

Relationship between Tj and Light Output or efficacy

• Every photometric file tested to LM-79 will potentially have a different LLD curve

Relationship between Tj and expected useful life

• The same luminaire with changes to LED quantity and/or drive current will have different projected life to Lxx or a different Lxx at projected useful life of system.

– Lxx represents the appropriate Lamp Lumen Depreciation level

– Optimum end of Life should be based on the expected life of the luminaire not just the LED array.


We can now design for the light level that is required at end of useful life rather than using

estimated mean lumens.


Designing with LEDLuminaires


LED Street Lighting Design Parameters

Existing Street for conversion

i. Street Parameters

a) Number and width of driving lanes

b) Width of any turn lanes

c) Width and location of parking lanes and bicycle lanes

ii. Street usage classification and Pedestrian conflict

iii. Pole specifics

a) Luminaire mounting height

b) Pole setback from curb

c) Bracket arm type and length

d) Arrangement and spacing

iv. Proposed cleaning cycle

v. Existing luminaires


Sample Application

Existing 200W HPS Flat Glass Cobra Head• 245W input CWA ballast

Collector Street with Medium Pedestrian Traffic

Four lanes (2 in each direction). 3.5m lane widths

Staggered Poles spacing 79m

10.4m Mounting Height

2.5m setback

2.4m arms


Sample Application

Retrofit from HPS to LED• No change in pole location or bracket arm

Expected useful life; 20 years (88,000 hours)

Cleaning every five years

Clean atmospheric conditions

Average night-time temperature 10°C

Require ≥ 50% energy reduction


Luminaire Dirt Depreciation

LDD = 0.89


LLF = LDD X LLD

LDD from IES RP-8-00; • 5-year cleaning, • Clean ambient• LDD = 0.89

LLD from specific TM-21-11 table• Average night-time ambient; 10°C• Expected project life-time; 90,000 operating hours• LLD = ?

LLF = 0.89 x ? = ??????


LLF = LDD X LLD


LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E70) 700mA• Average night-time ambient; 10°C• 90,000 operating hours• LLD =

LLF = 0.89 x .93 = .83.93


70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%




LLF = LDD X LLD


LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E53) 525mA• Average night-time ambient; 10°C• 90,000 operating hours• LLD =

LLF = 0.89 x .96 = .85.96


70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%




Existing 200W Flat Glass Cobra Head

245W input CWA ballast

IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION

Avg. Maintained; ≥ 0.6 cd/m²

Max./Min; ≤ 6.0

Avg./Min.: ≤ 3.5

Lv Ratio; ≤ 0.4


LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 700mA)

144.5 W input Electronic Driver



Max./Min; ≤ 6.0

Avg./Min.: ≤ 3.5

Lv Ratio; ≤ 0.4


LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 525mA)

105.7 W input Electronic Driver



Max./Min; ≤ 6.0

Avg./Min.: ≤ 3.5

Lv Ratio; ≤ 0.4


Surge Protection

All Electronic Devices Require

Protection from Induced Voltage Surges


Category A: Indoor: 6kV / 0.5kA Category B: Indoor: 6kV / 3kA Category C Low: Outdoor: 6kV / 3kA Category C High: Outdoor : 10kV/10kA

C B AIEEE STD C62.41

LEDgend Combats Surge – IEEE C62.41 2002


Design Integrity – System Life - Surge Protection

Surge Protection Device designed to meet ANSI/IEEE C62.41 2002- Category C High

Specifically designed for Electronic control gear including LED Drivers

Designed to fail “off”. Disconnects driver from mains.

To continue to protect luminaire electronics until SPD is replaced.

Warns that SPD has failed and needs to be replaced


Basic LED Luminaire Specification

• Colour Temperature

• Supply Voltage

• Photocontrol receptacle if required

• Paint finish colour if required

• Must be located on existing bracket arms and pole locations

• Internal field level adjustment

• Must meet RP-8 Table 3 lighting requirements for street classifications

• LM-79 photometry from independent NVLAP approved lab

• TM-21 LLD data

• Vibration test data

• Surge protection data

• Warranty


Optional LED Luminaire Requirements

Dimming, Monitoring, Metering

• Dimmable Driver• Part-Night Dimming• Constant Light Output Dimming

• Wireless Monitoring

• Optional Metering


Discussion

Date post:	26-Mar-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	lillian-dalton
View:	215 times
Download:	0 times

1 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 28 January, 2013 A Brighter Tomorrow LED Streetlighting in...

Documents