HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
12:15 – 1:30pm Lunch Sjoerd Smits – Sap testing – the future is now for nutrient testing that actually can result in disease and insect resolution, crop yield maximization and nutrient density
The Netherlands 2011 & 2012
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
HortiNova, NovaCropControl
•! Stephan Timmermans •! Johan vd Logt •! Toon Melis •! Rien vd Bighelaar •! Chris v Laarhoven •! Frank Schellekens •! Martin van de Water •! Bart Vromans, 50% •! Sjoerd Smits, 50%
Bart Vromans, 50% Sjoerd Smits, 50% Sjoerd Smits, 50%
Plant sap laboratory: (totaly 15 persons)
•! Joan Timmermans, consultant •! Koen van Kempen, consultant •! Maikel van de Ven, consultant
•
US Partner
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Introduction
!! "#$%&'())*'&+,&-#&$%&'.#/0',12$/'32,'4&235-&4&$/3'#$'3/-2.6&--7'2$8'9&:&/261&3'';-#+<'=>$85%?9#/7<',@<'A#/-2/&<'B>/233#54'
!! CD&-'E'7&2-3'>F'&+,&-#&$%&'G())HIJ'#$%-&23&8'$&&8'F>-'4>-&',2-24&/&-3'B0>3,0>-53<'=21%#54<'K2:$&3#54<'/-2%&'&1&4&$/3'''G(L',2-24&/&-3I'
'
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Who we are
•! Independent crop consulting •! Laboratory specialized in plant sap testing (NovaCropControl)
–! Started in 2008 –! Active in 200 different crops (organic, sustainable, conventional)
•! Fruit (strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, red currant, apple, pear, cherry) •! Greenhouse vegetables (tomato, pepper, cucumber, eggplant) •! Fieldgrown vegetables (lettuce, leek, beans, carrot, potato) •! Agricultural crops (wheat, corn, barley, grass) •! Nursery crops (trees, flower bulbs, cutting flowers)
–! Active in 15+ countries –! Results within 24 hours after arriving of samples –! Cost effective, $ 45 per sample set (Y&O), tissue test $ 120 (Y&O). 21 param.
•! Independent research –! Fertilization trials
•! Study groups –! Teaching growers, consultants
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Why testing the plant sap?
•! The final result of soil/substrate interactions •! Management tools during growing season •! Complete overview of current mineral plant uptake •! Every sample standard: 21 parameters (+3 R&D)
–! Sugars (Brix), pH, conductivity –! Nutrients:
•! Calcium •! Magnesium •! Potassium •! Sodium •! Nitrogen (Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Nitrogen) •! Phosphorous •! Chloride •! Sulphur
•! Silica •! Manganese •! Iron •! Zinc •! Copper •! Boron •! Molybdenum •! Aluminium
•! Kobalt •! Selenium •! Nikkel
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
What a plant sap sample tells you
•! Current uptake of nutrients •! Mineral deficiencies and / or excesses
–! Long before visible appearance
•! Nutrient imbalance in soils •! Plant reserves •! The nutrients which the plant is able to use
for its growth at that moment –! Different than dry matter (tissue) test (total nutrient)
•! Reflects plant health and vitality •! Fruit Quality
•! Like a blood test of a plant
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Difference between plant sap and dry matter (tissue) test
Two kind of minerals in the plant: –! Mineral / dissolvable salts (current uptake for plant
development) –! Fixed minerals (in organic compounds, hardly available for
plant development)
–! Plant sap measurement measures mostly dissolved salts and a small part of the fixed minerals.
–! Dry matter test counts the total of both (total uptake by plant)
Nutrient wise: Calcium measurement is one of the biggest differences, a small portion of the total amount is used for active “growth”. Sap analysis will the “real” Calcium availability.
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Fictive: Increase NO3 with 50% and a decrease of K with 50%, how does the different analysis respond over time.
Difference “plant sap” and “dry matter”
Dry matter
Dry matter
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Compare NCC vs. Hand meter and dry matter test
•! NCC Potassium higher than the DIY kit •! Difference better seen at NCC
Potassium content, 2009 13 red currant fields
DIY
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Plant sap measurement quickly shows low (and high) numbers In a dry matter test it takes 3-6 weeks longer to determinate lower (and higher) numbers
Difference in N content over time between plant sap and dry matter test after a decreased input at the beginning of August.
Difference between plant sap and dry matter test!
Over time Tissue Over time Plantsap
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
!! ,@'>F'/0&'3>#1<'#--#:2?>$'.2/&-'!! M46212$%&'#$'4#$&-213'GC16-&%0/<';"I'!! N&1&23&'>F'F&-?1#O&-3'G>-:2$#%'93'4#$&-213I'
P! K>4&$/'>F'2,,1#%2?>$'93',12$/'292#1261&'
!! ">#1'3/-5%/5-&'Q'->>/'R521#/7'!! ">#1'1#F&'!! =1#42/&<'/&4,&-2/5-&<'1#:0/<'4>#3/5-&'!! S/%<'&/%<'&/%TU''V>>W#$:'#$'/0&',12$/'.#11'30>.'7>5'/0&'X$21'-&351/''>F'211'>F'/0&'26>9&Y'
"#$!%&'()*+,-!+,!.#&!/0',.1!!
2'3.4*(!5#+3#!6&.&*%+,&!%+,&*'0!)/.'7&!!
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Mineral mobilisation in the plant
849+0&!%+,&*'0(:!!Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'>18&-'1&29&3'[! A#/->:&$'GAI'[! B>/233#54'G\I'[! K2:$&3#54'GK:I'[! B0>3,0>->53'GBI'
8&6+)%!+%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:!
[! "51,05-'G"I'[! M->$'G]&I'[! K2$:2$&3&'GK$I'[! ^#$%'G^$I'[! =>,,&-'G=5I'[! K>1768&$54'GK>I'
+%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:!Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'7>5$:',2-/3'[! =21%#54'G=2I'[! ;>->$'G;I'
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
_0&$'->>/3'%2$$>/'8&1#9&-'A<B<\'>-'K:<'/0&',12$/'.#11'53&'#/3'-&3&-9&3U''`18&-'1&29&3'2-&'3/>-&0>53&'F>-'4>6#1&'&1&4&$/3''GA<'B<'\<'K:I'''
Mineral mobilisation in the plant
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
S+24,1&J'_0&$'F-5#/'3/2-/3'/>'8&9&1>,<',>/233#54'8&42$8'#$%-&23&3U''B>/233#54'#$'>18'1&29&3'.#11'6&'4>6#1#O&8'2$8'/-2$3,>-/&8'/>'7>5$:&-'1&29&3'2$8'F-5#/U''Z&X%#&$%#&3'>F'4>6#1&'4#$&-213'.#11'2,,&2-'X-3/'#$'>18&-'1&29&3U'
K#$&-21'4>6#1#32?>$'#$'/0&',12$/'
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Mineral mobilisation in the plant
849+0&!%+,&*'0(:!!Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'>18&-'1&29&3'[! A#/->:&$'GAI'[! B>/233#54'G\I'[! K2:$&3#54'GK:I'[! B0>3,0>->53'GBI'
8&6+)%!+%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:!
[! "51,05-'G"I'[! M->$'G]&I'[! K2$:2$&3&'GK$I'[! ^#$%'G^$I'[! =>,,&-'G=5I'[! K>1768&$54'GK>I'
+%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:!Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'7>5$:',2-/3'[! =21%#54'G=2I'[! ;>->$'G;I'
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Example: Tomato
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
!! S+24,1&J'
!! @#:0'P'V>.'
!! =2?>$'6212$%&'!! C$#>$'6212$%&'
!! a-2%&'&1&4&$/3'!! M$/&-2%?>$3'''
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
!! S+24,1&J'
!! @#:0'P'V>.'
!! =2?>$'6212$%&'!! C$#>$'6212$%&''!! a-2%&'&1&4&$/3'!! M$/&-2%?>$3'''
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
!! S+24,1&J'
!! @#:0'P'V>.'
!! =2?>$'6212$%&'!! C$#>$'6212$%&''!! a-2%&'&1&4&$/3'!! M$/&-2%?>$3'''
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Antagonistic interactions
Cation Anion
Trace elements
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
S9&-7'&1&4&$/'.#/0#$'L'%>1>-'.#11'1#4#/'/0&'5,/2W&'8#-&%/'>F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/U''MF'>$&'&1&4&$/'#3'0#:0<'/02$'/0&'5,/2W&'>F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/'.#11'6&'1#4#/&8U'
Antagonistic interactions
Cation Anion
Trace elements
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
S9&-7'&1&4&$/'.#/0#$'L'%>1>-'.#11'1#4#/'/0&'5,/2W&'8#-&%/'>F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/U''MF'>$&'&1&4&$/'#3'0#:0<'/02$'/0&'5,/2W&'>F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/'.#11'6&'1#4#/&8U'
(Tomato) “goal”
Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
S9&-7'&1&4&$/'.#/0#$'S9&-7'&1&4&$/'.#/0#$'L'%>1>-'.#11'1#4#/'/0&'L'%>1>-'.#11'1#4#/'/0&'5,/2W&'8#-&%/'>F'5,/2W&'8#-&%/'>F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/U'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/U'
MF'>$&'&1&4&$/'#3'MF'>$&'&1&4&$/'#3'0#:0<'/02$'/0&'5,/2W&'0#:0<'/02$'/0&'5,/2W&'>F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/'>F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/'.#11'6&'1#4#/&8U'.#11'6&'1#4#/&8U'
Cation Anion
Trace elements
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Antagonistic interactions
Sufficient numbers in the soil is no garantee for a balanced uptake. It s the balance what counts for the uptake
Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sodium Ammonium
;'<4,!9'0',3&!
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
When 1 cation increases, 1 or more will decrease in the plant sap. When 1 cation decreases in availability, 1 or more will increase in the plant sap
Potassium
Calcium Magnesium Sodium
Antagonistic interactions
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Anions have the same interactions When 1 is high, others will decrease
Nitrate (Nitrogen) Chloride Phosphorous Sulphur
=,+4,!9'0',3&!
Antagonistic interactions
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Nitrate reduction will result in a better uptake of phosphorous and sulphur. Too much KCl will result in less uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur.
Phosphorus
Chloride Nitrate Sulphur
Antagonistic interactions
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Cation Anion
Trace elements
@#:0'5,/2W&'>F',0>3,0>-53'.#11'1#4#/'/0&'5,/2W&'>F'#->$<'O#$%'2$8'3>4&?4&3'42$:2$&3&U'
Antagonistic interactions
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
AEA Antagonistic interactions
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Trail result: Low K treatment = Zinc deficiency, why?
•! Low K -> high Mg •! High Mg = NO3 conversion (to protein N) = low NO3
»! Low NO3 = higher P uptake * High P = lower Zn uptake -> even deficiency
Example antagonistic interactions
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Mineral uptake and plant disease
•! A balanced mineral uptake: –! Constant growth –! Less susceptible for diseases
•! Aphids •! Funghi (mildew, botrytis etc) •! Bacteria
–! Flower quality –! Fruit quality
•! Shelf life •! Firmness •! Taste
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Nitrogen management and aphids
•! Plant can take up nitrogen in nitrate or ammonium form •! Nitrate need to be converted (amino-acids and proteins) •! Accumulation of nitrate stimulates insects and fungal
diseases. •! High nitrate ! luxurious growth ! large weak cells ! low
sugar production (Brix) ! susceptible for insects (aphids)
•! Key is to keep nitrate-accumulation low and convert nitrate into amino-acids and proteins –! Magnesium, Sulfur –! Molybdenum –! Biology and soil-life!
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Mildew and nutrition
Without mildew
With mildew
Strawberry propagation •! 1 field •! Same fertilization •! Same soil •! 2 varieties
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Without mildew
With mildew
Mildew and nutrition
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Without mildew With mildew
Mildew and nutrition
Monitor silica levels to improve resistance against mildew.
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
More susceptible Less susceptible
Powdery mildew
Add/ fertilize Silicon to lower the susceptibility of mildew Maximum of 0,3 mmol/litre! Danger of albino fruit.
Powdery mildew and mineral uptake
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Intention is to get 30%-35% of nitrate nitrogen as a part of Total N to get enough growth and less susceptability of for example Botrytis.
Botrytis and Nitrate Nitrogen in red currants
Percentage NO3 from the total N in OLD leaves
No Botrytis in storage
A lot of Botrytis in storage
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Phytophthora and mineral uptake
•! 2 strawberry varieties •! Elsanta and Sonata
Copper uptake Elsanta vs Sonata
lower
Cop
per i
n pl
ant s
ap (p
pm)
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Phytophthora and mineral uptake
More susceptible Less susceptible
Phytophthora Cactorum
Opportunity to increase copper in the sap with a foliar application.
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
www.bemesting-online.nl
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
>&6!;)**',.!.*'+0?!@4*4,!'//0+3'<4,!&A&3.!
Year 2012 Year 2013 + Boron
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Year 2012 Year 2013 + Boron
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Year 2012 Year 2013 + Boron
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
>B!C.&+,&*!DEB!F4G&0H!@IC+I;'!
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Crop health labs Nov. ‘14 seminar
Michelle D. Gregg Crop Health Laboratories Program Director
2015 seminars, check CHL website
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Presentation and weed nutritonal data NEXT FRIDAY available on NovaCropControl website:
www.NovaCropControl.nl On the download page:
HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course
Thank You