1920s Review

How did WWI affect America?

• After the war, the U.S. didn’t want to be involved in international affairs- Isolationism

What is Communism? Why were Americans afraid of it?

• Dictatorship with the government controlling all aspects of life

• Promoted “workers of the world” having a revolution

Why was there an increase in strikes after WWI?

• Workers had not been allowed to strike during the war

• Prices had gone up, but wages had remained the same

Who helped settle the Boston Police Strike?

• Calvin Coolidge

What was the Red Scare?

• Fear of Communism spreading to the U.S.

What were some of the reasons that Sacco and

Vanzetti were found guilty?

• Prejudiced jury against-

–New immigrants

–Admitted anarchists

–Poor language skills

What were the Palmer Raids?

• Attempt to find suspected Communists in the U.S.

Who won the 1920 Election? What Party was he from?

• Warren G. Harding

• Republican

What was the 19th Amendment?

• Gave women the right to vote

What was Warren Harding known for?

• Pro-business

• Return to Normalcy

What was normalcy?

• Return to the way things had been

• People felt that there had been too many changes in the first two decades of the 20th century

How did Calvin Coolidge become President? What

was he known for?

• Vice-President when Harding died

• Known for being honest, and quiet

What was the Ohio Gang?

• Harding’s friends that he appointed to important positions

• Several were involved with scandals

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

• Involved the illegal leasing of government oil fields

Who won the 1924 Election? What Party was he from?

• Calvin Coolidge

• Republican

How were the Republican Presidents of the Twenties

pro-business?• Allowed business people to

regulate business

• Appointed Supreme Court justices that ruled for business

How did assembly lines increase efficiency?

• Standardized parts

• Job came to the worker

• Workers only had to do one job

What types of advertising were there in the twenties?

• Radio

• Newspapers

• Billboards

• Magazines

What is buying on credit?

• Paying with installments after acquiring the product

How did education change in the Twenties?

• More managers and accountants needed for the large corporations

What was the impact of radio?

• Something that people could have in common

• Big impact on advertising

Why were movies popular?

• Inexpensive and an escape

What was significant about Jazz Singer? Steam Boat Willie?

• First “talkie” movie

• First animated movie- Disney!

Why were sports so popular?

• Economy was good, so people had the time and money to spend on them

Charles Lindbergh

• 1st man to fly solo across the Atlantic

Amelia Earhart

• Famous female pilot

Jack Dempsey

• Heavyweight boxing champ

Babe Ruth

• Baseball player for the Red Sox then Yankees

Gertrude Ederle

• First person to swim across the English Chanel- France to England!

What were Flapper Girls?

• Fashion icons of the 20s- bobbed hair, short dresses and party girls!

What was the Lost Generation?

• Authors that rejected American materialism and headed to Europe

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

• Flourishing of African American writers, musicians and artists

Louis Armstrong

• Famous musician

Duke Ellington

• Famous band leader

Langston Hughes

• Famous black writer

Marcus Garvey

• Black leader- believed that blacks would be better off going back to Africa

Why did the “Great Migration” occur?

• African Americans headed north for jobs and to escape discrimination of the South

Why was the NAACP formed?

• To help protect African Americans

In what ways was the KKK powerful?

• Intimidated – blacks, immigrants, Catholics, Jews and others

• Influenced politicians to support their views

What did Fundamentalism represent?

• Literal translation of the bible• Felt that America needed to be

more religious

What was the result of the Scopes Trial?

• Brought attention to the split in America between Fundamentalism and Progressives

• Scopes found guilty

What was the role of William Jennings Bryan in the trial?

• Prosecutor- tried to find Scopes guilty

What was the role of Clarence Darrow in the trial?

• Defense attorney for John Scopes

What was Nativism?

• Preference for people born in America

• Anti-immigrant

What was the Immigration Law of 1921?

• Established a quota of 3% coming from a specific country related to the amount already in the U.S.

• Based on 1910 census• Aimed to limit the amount of

Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

What was the Nations Origins Act (1924)?

• Established a quota of 2% coming from a specific country related to the amount already in the U.S.

• Based on 1890 census• Completely excluded Asians

Who supported Prohibition? Why?

• Business Leaders- cut down on accidents and absenteeism

• Doctors- reduce medical problems

• Women’s groups- reduce domestic abuse

What was the Volstead Act?

• Enforced prohibition

Why was the Kellogg-Briand Pact pretty much useless?

• No way to enforce it

What were the three parts of the Dawes Plan?

• U.S. Bankers lend money and make investments to Germany

• Germany pays reparations to G.B. and France

• G.B. and France repay WWI debts to the U.S.