42
1 2003-2004 National Student Campaign Against Hunger & Homelessness Action Guide A Project of the PIRGs
1
2003-2004National StudentCampaign AgainstHunger &HomelessnessActionGuideA Project of the PIRGs
2
Table of ContentsThe National Student Campaign Against Hunger and HomelessnessOverview of the Campaign 3Our Major Programs 3How the Campaign Can Assist You 5Get Ready, Get Set: Planning, Setting Goals, and RecruitingElements of a Successful Program 6Assessing the Community's Needs 7Goals and Timeline 9Sample Timeline for the Year 10Fall EventsWorld Food Day, Oct. 16 12Fall Planning for the 20th Annual Hunger Cleanup 13National Hunger and Homelessness Awareness Week, November 16-22, 2003H & H Week Overview 14Groups to Contact on Campus 16Educational Projects 17Community Service Projects 19Fundraising Projects 20Fast for a World Harvest Campaign 22Oxfam America Hunger Banquet 23"Night Without a Home" Awareness Sleep Out 24Faces of the Homeless Panel 26Wasted Food Survey: Starting a Food Salvage Program 27Spring OrganizingRecruitment 2820th Annual Hunger Cleanup 30Evaluation: The Year In Retrospect 33ResourcesWorld Hunger 34Causes of Hunger 35Homelessness 36Resource Directory 37AppendixOrganizing Materials:H & H Week Evaluation Form 38Needs Assessment Survey 40Client Needs Survey 42
3
Hosted by Trinity College, the Sixteenth National Con-ference will kick-off a year of student action and cam-paign work by bringing students and community leaderstogether to learn about the issues of hunger andhomelessness, and gain valuable leadership skills and ideasthat will help them launch programs in their communi-ties.
Conference highlights include:* 60+ workshops on topics such as organizing an effec-tive Hunger and Homelessness Week, recruiting and re-taining volunteers, developing grassroots advocacy cam-paigns, establishing a student-run soup kitchen, and plan-ning an Oxfam Hunger Banquet.* National leaders to speak about the issues. Previousspeakers include Jonathan Kozol, Ralph Nader, MarianWright Edelman, and Jim Hightower.* Faces of Homelessness panel. Currently and for-merly homeless people tell about their experiences andideas for community action.And more! Call (800) 664-8647 or visit our website for aregistration brochure.
National Hunger andHomelessness Awareness WeekNovember 16- 22, 2003
This week of coordinated educational events, is held theweek prior to Thanksgiving every year. National Hun-ger and Homelessness Awareness Week, co-sponsoredby the National Coalition for the Homeless, consists of aseries of educational and service events. It is designedto educate the student population, increase communityservice, and build campus relations. Hundreds of cam-puses regularly participate by organizing sleep outs, fasts,educational programs, wasted food surveys, and letter-writing campaigns.
The National Student CampaignAgainst Hunger and HomelessnessThe National Student Campaign Against Hunger andHomelessness is a national network of college and highschool students, educators, and community leaders work-ing to fight hunger and homelessness in the U.S. andabroad. Guided by the belief that young people are in aunique position to make a difference in our society,NSCAHH helps turn concern into action. Since its in-ception, the Campaign has become the largest networkof students working to end hunger and homelessness with600 participating campuses.Established in 1985 by the student PIRGs and U.S.A.for Africa, NSCAHH works to increase student serviceand to sustain a coalition of students and community mem-bers working to end hunger and homelessness throughservice, education, and action. To better assist studentsin this ongoing effort, NSCAHH has developed severalnational programs, serves as a clearinghouse of informa-tion, and assists individuals and groups leading locally-initiated programs. This assistance includes programideas, organizing and educational materials, training tours,phone consultations, encouragement, and advice.
Our MajorPrograms Sixteenth National StudentLeadership ConferenceOct. 31- Nov. 2, 2003Trinity College
Hartford, CTAs it served that first year at Harvard University, theConference is an opportunity to galvanize student ser-vice and action in the fight against hunger andhomelessness by providing skills training, programmingideas, networking opportunities, and the inspiration neededto end hunger and homelessness.
Overview
4
20th Annual Hunger CleanupApril 10, 2004
The Annual Hunger Cleanup is one of the largest stu-dent community service fundraisers in the country.Through the Cleanup, student volunteers raise moneywhile taking on substantial work projects, such as re-painting local shelters, planting community gardens, andrepairing food banks.This project has had a significant impact over its nine-teen year history, involving 125,000 volunteers and rais-ing more than $1.5 million for local, national and interna-tional programs. Additionally, the Hunger Cleanup hasbeen key for building strong community and campus coa-litions, recruiting new volunteers into the ongoing effortto fight hunger and homelessness, and developing stu-dent leaders. The Campaign works closely with Cleanupcoordinators, supplying an organizing manual and mate-rials, a media kit, a regular update, and a weekly phonecall to troubleshoot and share campus ideas.In addition to providing valuable volunteer power for im-portant local programs, fundraising enables your groupto have a long-term impact on the lives of people in need.Funds raised through hourly sponsors and contributionsfrom local businesses provide immediate relief and sup-port for efforts to end hunger and homelessness.
Food SalvageWith more people in need of emergency food assistance,local soup kitchens and food banks are looking for inno-vative sources of food. The Campaign works with stu-dent leaders to establish food rescue programs to sal-vage unused food from campus dining facilities and regu-larly provide it to local programs. Model programs suchas Boston University�s rescue 150,000+ pounds of foodeach year. The Campaign provides training, materials,and phone consultations to schools interested in estab-lishing Food Salvage Programs.If you are interested in establishing a program or cur-rently are implementing one, contact the Campaign tojoin the Food Salvage network.
Project PartnershipThis program was designed to build relationships betweenthe campus and community and to increase the effec-tiveness of student action. Project Partnership requiresstudents to do a needs assessment of their local commu-nity, then design a program to fill an identified gap inservices to the impoverished. Project Partnership projectsinclude programs to provide child care, literacy educa-tion, community gardens, food salvage, tutoring, and jobcounseling.
SPLASHH (Students PushingLegislative Action to StopHunger and Homelessness)
In addition to volunteering with and supporting local ef-forts, campuses can play an important role in pushing forpositive Congressional action on issues regarding hungerand homelessness. Join the SPLASHH Action Alert Net-work of students who receive regular fact sheets on rel-evant, timely legislative issues and a call to action to writeletters, make phone calls, or send e-mail messages toCongressional targets. In addition, students interested inadvocacy campaigns can receive the SPLASHH ActionHandbook and staff assistance to establish a grassrootscampaign to meet with legislators, develop a media cam-paign, and establish popular support for the issues by or-ganizing letter, petition, or phone call drives.Call or e-mail today if you would like to add your groupto the SPLASHH Action Network.Contact NSCAHH for more information regardingany of the above projects (800) 664-8647.
5
Training Tour Phone ConsultationCampaign staff are available for phone consultations toprovide advice on how to organize your project, help youproblem-solve, and share good ideas from other campuses.
ClearinghouseThe Campaign is also a clearinghouse of information aboutupcoming events, campus projects, contact information,and issue information. We offer a series of manuals, orga-nizing guides, and action alerts that will assist you in yourorganizing efforts. In turn, we want to hear about yourexperiences and creative ideas to share with other stu-dent leaders.Call us or visit our website for project ideas, other activeorganizations and campuses in your state, reports and fac-tual information, or suggested speakers.
Bring a national staff member to your campus who willhelp you launch and strengthen programs, develop or-ganizing skills, and build coalitions. Over the past sev-enteen years, NSCAHH has worked with hundreds ofstudents at campuses nationwide.Campaign staff members conduct one or more work-shops depending upon your goals and the amount oftime available. Possible workshops include:1. Needs Assessment Why is it important to findout exactly what your community is looking for? Wheredo you look and who can you call to find out about theneeds of your community's homeless? How can youput this knowledge to effective use?2. Issue Briefings Why are people homeless in acountry which boasts most of the world�s wealth? Whois actually hungry? What can we do about it?3. Recruitment/Leadership Development Whatare the best ways to recruit volunteers? How can youkeep people involved and invested in the project? Howdo you develop leaders to carry on the project? Howdo you effectively delegate?4. Publicity How can you develop a publicity strategythat ensures your event is the biggest news on cam-pus? How do you hold a press event that the press willcover? What are some ways to use the media to edu-cate your campus and community about the issues?5. Fundraising How do you fundraise to ensure thatyour program has the resources to continue and to ex-pand? How do you raise money to attend conferencesand events? How do you organize creative fundraisersto donate to organizations impacting the problems?6. Project Planning How do you plan a project forthe year or semester? How do you set specific andrealistic goals with checkpoints to assess your progressand trouble spots? How do you develop a well-rounded,inclusive project? How do you build coalitions?
How the Campaign Can Assist You
6
Assessing Community Needs� Do we know the primary organizations addressing hunger and homelessness in our community?� Have we done a thorough survey of their services and needs? Have we based our project plan on those needs?
Goals and Timeline� Have we set and communicated the quantitative and qualitative goals of the program? Are they challeng- ing yet realistic?� Have we planned in checkpoints to evaluate progress and problems in time to adjust our goals?� Do we have a specific week-to-week plan for achiev- ing these goals?
Recruitment� How many volunteers do we need to accomplish our goals?� Do we have a specific plan to actively recruit stu- dents through tables, class announcements, and phone calling to build the group necessary to achieve our goals?� Do we have a system for using all of the events and activities to recruit volunteers -- e.g. having a volun- teer sign-up sheet at all events?
Developing Leaders� Are we teaching volunteers a wide range of skills through diverse experiences and set trainings?� Are there clear opportunities for volunteers to take on more responsibility and leadership? Do we ask every volunteer to take on responsibility?� Is there a plan for encouraging and developing lead- ers in order to expand the program and/or continue it into the next term or year?
Diversity� Does the project provide roles for people with a variety of skills and interests? Is there room for people with diverse backgrounds and viewpoints?� Do we recruit volunteers through a variety of outlets- e.g. approach a variety of groups, speak in a range of classes, table and poster all parts of campus?� Are we inclusive? Do we welcome new people, have socials, and hold introductions at each meeting?
Campus and Community Relations� Campus-wide: Do we look for opportunities to work with other campus groups? How do we involve inter- ested faculty and administrators?� Locally: Do we work closely with existing community groups? Are we in contact with other universities in the area? Other high schools? Do we make contact with local VIPs?� Nationally: Are we in touch with national organiza- tions? Do we take advantage of what they offer -- web site, facts, legislative updates, training?
Media and Visibility� Do we have a plan for visibility -- posters, banners, table tents, leaflets?� Do we have a media coordinator to write press re- leases and follow-up with the media to get articles writ- ten about our events and volunteer opportunities?
Reflection and Evaluation� Do we schedule time to reflect on the project after its completion to learn and grow from the project?� Do we encourage students to process and share their experience with each other?� Do we hold a thorough evaluation at the end of each term with active volunteers and coalition partners?� After the reflection and evaluation process, are we writing a report to track the success and steps necessary to organize a successful event?� Throughout the semester are we tracking our weekly numbers (number of volunteers, number of volunteer hours, projects, political action pieces collected) to evaluate our success?
Elements of a Successful ProgramBelow are some helpful questions to ask yourself when setting up a new program.
7
OverviewThe first step in developing a plan of action for the yearis to assess the existing services and needs of the com-munity in which you are working. By doing a thoroughneeds assessment, you can ensure that your work is mosteffective, as well as begin to develop relationships withcommunity groups from the very start of the year.In assessing the community's needs, you should surveylocal shelters, food banks, and day programs in your com-munity. First, you will identify what already exists anddetermine if those services are sufficient for the localpopulation. Next, you will evaluate if there are neededservices that the agencies would like to add.As you evaluate the local community, you will also wantto evaluate your group -- what are your resources, whatcan you accomplish, and how can you strengthen yourorganization over the course of the year. You should setgoals for the year, including for recruitment of new vol-unteers, leadership development, visibility, and coalition-building.We recommend that you use National Hunger and Home-lessness Awareness Week in the Fall and the AnnualHunger Cleanup in the Spring as effective project "ve-hicles" through which you can fill some of the needs youhave identified. For example, if your assessment revealsthat your community 1) needs more food, especially freshproduce, 2) that child care is an obstacle for employmentfor many, and 3) the local shelter would like to expand toinclude a day program, you can use Hunger and Home-lessness Awareness Week to:� Kick off a community garden project by setting up a campus seed drive and getting volunteers to get other supplies donated.� Have a speaker at your sleep out who talks about families, emphasizing the need for state funding for child care. Ask everyone to write a letter to the Gov- ernor.� Have a group of volunteers provide tutoring for kids at the day center.
Assessing the Community's NeedsSimilarly, while planning the Hunger Cleanup, be sure toestablish planting the community garden and working atthe day center as work projects. Further, funds raisedduring the Hunger Cleanup are split among a local group(50%), the National Student Campaign Against Hungerand Homelessness (35%) and an international project(15%). You decide where to donate the local funds andcould decide to contribute to a community garden or childcare center.However you decide to approach the results of your needsassessment survey, a comprehensive assessment, espe-cially done at the start of the year is a vital tool for devel-oping your plan of action for the year.
How To Do a CommunityNeeds Assessment1. Photocopy the Needs Assessment survey pro-vided in the Appendix (p. 40 ) of this manual.2. Develop your target list. Find contact informa-tion for local food banks, shelters, churches, agen-cies, or any other organization that may provide ser-vices to the local hungry and homeless. You canlook them up in the phone book and ask volunteer groupsfor listings. Be sure to ask any group you contact for thenames of other groups. Utilize other campus communityservice groups as resources too. Also, don't forget tocontact organizations that you have used for past eventslike the Hunger Cleanup.
8
3. Call the organizations and explain that you are do-ing outreach to determine how your campus group canbest serve the community. Ask if they will complete thesurvey -- fax or mail it -- and return it, and then set up atime to meet or talk on the phone to ask them detailsabout the survey. Make sure you include a short expla-nation of why you are sending them the survey and whyit is important they respond as accurately as possible.Aim to send out 25-40 surveys -- depending upon thesize of your community.(Note: Included in this manual is an optional Client NeedsSurvey. It will probably be sufficient to have organiza-tions fill out the Needs Assessment Survey, but you mayask if they have surveyed their clients and/or would likeyou to. If only a few organizations can be surveyed, itmight be useful to have a large number of clients com-plete their surveys as well in order to get more accurate,useful information.)4. After receiving the completed surveys, organizeall of the results. By doing so, you can clearly deter-mine what services are adequately or inadequately pro-vided, or which services may be high in demand but arenot currently provided.
5. Conduct followup calls to agencies to clarify surveyresults.6. Decide which of these needs you would like togear your year's projects towards. Remember to setshort and long-term goals. For example, if the surveyresults show that an adequate health plan for the home-less as well as winter clothing and non-perishable fooditems are badly needed, you may want to plan food/cloth-ing drives while advocating for legislation to provide healthcare plan.*Be sure to use the survey to begin building relationshipswith local organizations. For example, after surveying anorganization, you may want to invite their director to speakat a Hunger and Homelessness Week event in the Fall,organize a clothing drive to benefit them in the Winterand volunteer with them as a Hunger Cleanup work sitein the Spring. These relationship-building activities notonly help the organizations immediately and in the longrun, but also by being consistent you will increase youreffectiveness and identify future opportunities for col-laboration. That way you can see if you are using theresults of your surveys in the best way possible.
9
Goals and TimelineOverview
Planning ahead by setting specific goals and organizing atimeline to achieve them is another crucial part of orga-nizing an effective program to battle hunger andhomelessness. Goals and timelines will help you get asmuch done as possible, coordinate with other commit-tees and anticipate preparation.Also, many components of an event such as bookingspeakers, effective publicity, and alerting the media takelead time, so even if you do rush to pull things together inthe end, other people/organizations may not be able towork with last minute requests.
How To: Setting Goals and Plans1. Considering the results of your most recent needs as-sessment, come up with a list of general areas your pro-gram will focus on for the year. Also, figure out specificevents for your semester plan. For example, you maywant to include two clothing drives, an educational videoand starting a community garden in your semester. 2. Plan out your year and semesters by working back-wards, starting with your goals and fixed dates (e.g. H&HWeek Nov. 16-22, 2003 and the Hunger Cleanup April10, 2004). An effective way to lay your timeline out is tohave the months/weeks listed in a column on the left sideof a piece of paper, with the projects in a row on the top.By doing so, you can coordinate several events/projectsfor the same week or month.3. Be sure to be thorough, anticipating preparation. Forexample, if you are sending out a mailing in the secondweek, during the first week you will need to draft thewording of your mailing, arrange for copying, pull togetheraddresses, etc -- put this in your plan.4. There should be an overall plan for the semester andyear, and each coordinator should also do a specific planfor his/her piece of the overall plan.
Sample Goals1. Overall Goals for the Year:
Programmatic Goals:Start a community garden.Gather 4 tons of food staples.Gather 1000 items of winter clothing.Educate 1,000 students about hunger andhomelessness.Organizational Goals:Develop a core group of 15 students.Recruit 75 new regular volunteers.Get coverage in the campus paper 4 times persemester.Build coalitions with 15 campus groups --including the SGA and Greek system.
2. Events for the Year:� Hunger and Homelessness Awareness Week
Goals: To involve 200 volunteers (100 in Fast,50 at sleep out, 25 in door to door food drive,and 25 during seed drive for the garden).Educate 100 people who attend video onhomelessness.Raise $1,000 through the Fast for OxfamGather 1 ton of food.Gather 500 clothing items.
� 20th Annual Hunger CleanupGoals: Raise $4,000Recruit 100 volunteers.Work at 10 work sites, including the commu-nity garden.Involve 25 campus groups in the Cleanup.Develop 10 leaders.Get 5 community newspaper articles about theCleanup.Gain endorsements from 25 VIPs.
� Ongoing events:-need for more clothing: 2 clothing drives-lack of a community garden: start and work atone community garden-soup kitchens report shortage of food staples(flour, sugar, oil): 4 food drives specificallyto raise food staples
10
Sample
Year Pl
anThi
s is a s
ample
timelin
e to de
monst
rate the
struct
ure an
d key c
ompon
ents o
f a suc
cessfu
l year.
At the
begin
ning o
f the a
cadem
ic year
,you
r group
shoul
d deci
de whi
ch pro
grams
you wa
nt to o
rganize
on ca
mpus
and pri
oritize
them i
n your
plan.
Hunge
r and
Hom
elessn
essHu
nger C
leanup
Buildi
ng the
Group
Goals
Week/
Ongoi
ng Ev
ents
*Need
s Asse
ssment
*Gene
ral Re
cruitm
ent Dr
ive *S
et Goal
s Time
line Fo
r Year
Septem
ber*Es
tablish
H & H
Week
comm
ittee.
*Form
your st
eering
comm
ittee*
Raise m
oney fo
r the
*50 pe
ople at
tend
*Regi
ster for
H & H
Week
with
from s
tudent
govt,
Greek
upcom
ing NS
CAHH
Gen. I
nteres
t Mtg.
NSCA
HH.
system
, facul
ty and
Confe
rence.
*Est. c
ore of
10-15
commu
nity lea
ders.
*Orga
nize G
eneral
vol. an
d intern
s.*R
egister
for Cl
eanup.
Interes
t Meet
ing.
*Deve
lop sem
ester pl
an.Oc
tober
*Com
mittee
plans
H & H
Week
*Hold
first s
teering
comm
ittee
*NSC
AHH
Confe
rence!
*Send
4 core
events
(locat
ions, p
ublicit
y,me
eting -
set pla
n and
goals.
at Tri
nity C
ollege,
CTme
mbers
to the
speake
rs, and
suppl
ies nee
ded).
*Cont
inue re
cruitin
g on-
(Oct. 3
1 - No
v.2)
Fall co
nferen
ce.*H
ost a W
orld Fo
od Da
y even
tand
off- ca
mpus
groups
*Hold
weekl
y meet
ings
*Est. p
roject
(Octob
er 16).
for ste
ering c
ommit
tee.
and tra
inings.
coordin
ators.
Nove
mber
*H &
H W
eek! (
Nov. 1
6-22)
*Have
your s
econd
steering
*Have
Confe
rence
attende
es*H
old 4 m
ajor
*Food
Salvag
e-imple
ment w
asted
commit
tee me
eting.
lead
an info
rmation
al mtg.
events
during
H & H
food su
rvey.
*Com
pile list
of larg
e donor
s,*H
old we
ekly m
eeting
s and
Week
and ge
t 200
*Colle
ct sign
atures
for the
speake
rs, wo
rksites
, busin
esses
trainin
gs.stu
dents in
volved
.Fei
nstein
petitio
n.for
donat
ions.
Collec
t 200 p
et. sig
n.De
cember
*Coor
dinate
a winte
r cloth
ing dri
ve*Sp
ring org
anizin
g plan
*Hold
a "Ho
w to M
ake an
*Spring
organi
zing
(dorms
are a g
ood res
ource)
.set
.Eff
ective
Seme
ster Pl
an"pla
n set.
*Asse
ss need
for Fo
od Sal
vage
works
hop.
*Food
Salvag
epro
gram;
establis
h a foo
d salva
ge*Es
tablish
Food
Salvag
eorg
anizin
g comt.
organi
zing co
mmitte
e. org
anizin
g comm
ittee.
establis
hed.
11
Hunge
r and
Hom
elessn
essHu
nger C
leanup
Buildi
ng the
Group
Goals
Week/
Ongoi
ng Ev
ents
Januar
y*B
egin p
lannin
g for C
ommu
nity*O
rganiz
e Clea
nup*R
ecruitm
ent bli
tz*Co
mmuni
tyGa
rden--
scoutin
g locat
ions, g
etting
subcom
mittee
s for pu
blicity,
for ge
neral v
olunte
ers an
dgar
den loc
ation s
et.see
ds and
garde
ning to
ols do
nated.
recruit
ment,
fundra
ising
hunger
cleanu
p team
*5-10
team l
eaders
*Set a
semeste
r plan
.and
works
ites.
leader
s.set
for Cl
eanup.
*Send
works
ite app
lication
s.*O
rganiz
e a Ge
neral
Interes
t*60
attend
ees at
*Send
donatio
n letter
s.Me
eting.
Gener
al Inte
rest
Meetin
g.Feb
ruary
*Hold
a food
drive
for the
local
*Recr
uitment
drive
*Each
core m
ember
invites
*Get 7
-10 ba
gsfoo
d bank
.(po
ster, cl
ass rap
s, tabl
e,at l
east tw
o othe
r extra-
of food
to don
ate*R
ecruit
volunt
eers w
ho wil
loth
er grou
ps).
curricu
lar gro
ups the
y are
to a foo
d bank
.ma
intain g
arden
in the
long ru
n*Te
am lea
der me
eting.
involv
ed with
to parti
cipate
*Targe
t at lea
st 70
(most li
kely n
on-stu
dents).
in the
Hunge
r Clea
nup.
possib
le work
sites
*Food
Salvag
e - con
tact lo
cal*H
old we
ekly m
eeting
sfor
the Cl
eanup.
busine
sses fo
r donat
ions .
and tra
inings.
March
*Finis
h last m
inute g
arden
details
--*C
ontinu
e to pu
blicize
,*H
old we
ekly m
eeting
s*A
t least
10 tea
mspla
nting st
arts ne
xt mont
h!org
anize a
nd fun
draise.
and tra
inings.
set for
Clean
up.*Fo
od Sal
vage -
start pi
lot pro
ject.
*Team
leader
meetin
g.*W
orksite
s set.
April
*Begi
n plan
ting!! U
se gard
en as
*20th
Annua
l Hung
er*C
elebra
te the
garden
*Beat
last ye
ar'sa C
leanup
works
ite.Cle
anup (
April
10)and
Clean
up wit
h a big
totals f
or Clea
nup*Pl
an cloth
ing dri
ve.gro
up soc
ial and
award
s.mo
ney rai
sed, w
orksite
sand
teams
involv
ed.
May
*Summ
er cloth
ing dri
ve.*Se
nd tha
nk you
notes
to larg
e*D
o the S
pring E
valuat
ion*G
ather a
t least
5 large
*Food
Salvag
e prog
ramdon
ors, sp
onsors
, work
sites,
to an
alyze
the pro
grams
'bag
s cloth
ing fro
mesta
blished
.par
ticipan
ts, invi
ting the
m to
stren
gth an
d weak
nesses
.the
clothin
g drive
.get
involv
ed nex
t year.
*Write
the Hu
nger C
leanup
*Get 2
studen
trep
ort; sen
d repor
t, aritl
es and
intern
for NS
CAHH
photos
to NS
CAHH
.this
summe
r!
12
World Food DayOctober 16, 2003History of WorldFood Day
World Food Day is a worldwide event designed to in-crease awareness, understanding and informed, year-round action to alleviate hunger. It is observed each Oc-tober 16th in recognition of the founding of the UN Foodand Agriculture Organization in 1945. The first WorldFood Day was in 1981.World Food Day (WFD) is organized at the communitylevel. Individual groups can hold a special event, but themost successful observances happen when organizerswork together with members and chapters of other na-tional sponsors. Local coalitions, representing the diver-sity of national sponsors, can share ideas that willinvolve schools, businesses, worship centers, governmentoffices, service groups, the media, etc. In every commu-nity there are people already involved; the challenge is tocoordinate and expand what is already happening. Hereare some ways to use the day more effectively:Increase Awareness -- provide a briefing for the me-dia; promote WFD teleconference(s); encourage edito-rials and feature articles.Increase Understanding -- work with the schools andcolleges; plan a community seminar; don�t forget nurs-ery schools and senior citizen centers.Increase Information -- conduct a research project onlocal needs/services; release findings at a press confer-ence or public meeting.Increase Support -- hold a fundraiser for local and/orinternational projects; involve local businesses.Increase Advocacy -- seek policy commitments frompublic officials (or candidates); make presentations atcity council or school board meetings.
Increase Networking -- use WFD to bring togetherpeople, ideas, and resources; be creative in designing com-binations.Increase Year-Round Action -- seek to involve peoplein ongoing service/support; distribute an �opportunity� listfor volunteers.Increase Impact -- develop a means to measure theyear to year progress you are making; consider WorldFood Day the �annual meeting� for hunger activists.World Food Day TeleconferenceEach year, a live global teleconference is held on WorldFood Day in order to provide an educational resource tothe anti-poverty community, and to promote awarenessof hunger related issues. This year's teleconference,Collaboration or Calamity: Africa in Peril, will fea-ture Urban Jonsson, UNICEF Regional Director for East-ern and Southern Africa.The 2003 World Food Day Teleconference will be takingplace on October 16th, from noon to 3 P.M., EST. Thereis no charge to participate in the teleconference, and thereare no restrictions on taping or re-broadcast. To registerfor this year's teleconference, please contact PatriciaYoung at the U.S. National Committee for World FoodDay. Registered schools will receive an educational packetincluding study materials and a training guide to estab-lishing student think tanks.
Contact:Patricia YoungU.S. National Committee for World Food Day2175 K Street N.W.Washington, DC 20437Phone: (202) 653-2404Fax: (202) 653-5760www.worldfooddayusa.org
13
Fall Planning for the HungerCleanupThough the Annual Hunger Cleanup is an event that takesplace in April, it is important to start the organizing effortsin the Fall. Early planning and organizing will ensure asuccessful event.
OverviewThe Annual Hunger Cleanup is a national one-daycommunity service fundraiser in which student volunteersraise money while volunteering in programs for those whoare experiencing hunger and homelessness. Similar to awalk-a-thon, the Cleanup mobilizes thousands of studentsacross the country who gather hourly pledges from familyand friends for their volunteer work.Volunteer projects include painting local shelters, plantingcommunity gardens, and refurbishing low-income housingunits. Money raised through this unique serve-a-thonbenefits local, national, and international hunger andhomelessness programs.The Twentieth Annual Hunger Cleanup takes place on April10th, 2004. Since the first Hunger Cleanup in 1984, theNational Student Campaign Against Hunger andHomelessness has worked with schools across the countryto make it one of the most successful student andcommunity events. In its nineteen year history, more than125,000 students have completed thousands of workprojects, raising more than $1.2 million dollars!
What the Hunger CleanupAccomplishes
� Educates participants and contributors about the problems of hunger and homelessness� Completes needed projects in your community� Involves a variety of students and community members in joint action to improve communities.� Encourages continued community service participation by volunteers.� Builds and strengthens school and community relationships for future efforts
Get Started1. Register with the Campaign. Visit our website or call800-664-8647 to register for this year's Cleanup. Onceyou register with us, we will send you an organizing kit,including a manual, brochures, posters, a media kit, andregular updates.2. Build your steering committee. Reach out to othergroups in the Fall in order to have them be a part of plan-ning the Cleanup. By building a broad coalition, the Cleanupbecomes a truly campus-wide event.3. Identify leaders for the Cleanup. The sooner theChair and committee leaders (fundraising, recruitment, vis-ibility and work sites) are in place the sooner they can getstarted with priority or timely activities.4. Get started. While the priority activities are buildingyour steering committee and establishing leaders, the sooneryou get started on Cleanup organizing, the bigger yourCleanup will be.
Official Guidelines1. Event guidelines. To be an official participant of the20th Annual Hunger Cleanup, your school must:1) Register with NSCAHH; 2) Arrange and completework projects which address a community need; and3) Follow the fundraising distribution guidelines. TheHunger Cleanup is an official project of the NationalStudent Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness(NSCAHH). The project name may not be used withoutexpress written permission of NSCAHH.2. Date of event. April 10, 2004. We encourage youto participate on this day, but if this excludes you fromleading the event, you may schedule an alternative date.Please notify us immediately if you need to do this.Most Hunger Cleanups are three hours long.3. How the funds are distributed. Through theHunger Cleanup, you raise funds for organizationsproviding immediate relief and long-term solutions to theproblems of hunger and homelessness. Local projectsreceive 50% of the funds raised; 35% funds the work ofthe National Student Campaign Against Hunger &Homelessness and 15% funds international projectsthrough IDEX.
14
Hunger and HomelessnessAwareness WeekNovember 16-22, 2003
In 1972, Villanova University in Pennsylvania held thefirst-reported Hunger Week. Since then, this week ofcoordinated activities has spread to hundreds of schoolsacross the country. National Hunger and HomelessnessAwareness Week, co-sponsored by the National Coalitionfor the Homeless, was first publicized and promoted as anational event in 1988. Held the week prior toThanksgiving every year, the Week is designed to educatethe student population, increase community service, andbuild campus coalitions.This year, we encourage students to coordinate eventsthat combine service, education, fundraising, and action,such as the "Night Without a Home" Awareness SleepOut, Fast for a World Harvest, or a letter-writing advo-cacy campaign. The following pages will offer a briefdescriptions of these projects with organizing tips, alongwith a variety of other ideas for the Week. Keep in mindthat these are suggested activities and that you shouldplan your week based on the unique needs of your com-munity, as identified during your assessment.Objective: The main purpose of National Hunger andHomelessness Awareness Week is to raise awarenessof and action on the problems of hunger andhomelessness, domestically and internationally. Combinedwith the efforts of thousands of students across the coun-try, you can make an impact on the issues through edu-cation, service, and action and send a message to na-tional leaders that students are concerned and active.Use the Week as an opportunity to recruit volunteersand develop leaders who will continue to work with yourgroup throughout the year.
Getting StartedThe first step is to register for Hunger and HomelessnessAwareness Week by visiting our website or calling us at800-664-8647. This enables us to call you with helpfulhints, share campus ideas, plus quantify the results ofthis week of student action for you and the media. Also,please don�t hesitate to call with questions or for trouble-shooting with one of our staff.Your next step should be to find out what other campusorganizations are planning or might want to do during thisWeek. The Campus Ministry might be holding a fast orthe Student Government could be planning a food drive.Through your search, you can discover which groupsare active on the issues (or want to be) and what eventseach of these groups has planned for the year.
Structuring Your CommitteeStudents who have run successful Weeks in the past sug-gest the following leadership positions. This structure isbased on a Week including the Oxfam Fast, Sleep Out,and a letter writing advocacy campaign.* Hunger and Homelessness Week Coordinator -This person works with the project leaders below andchairs the overall meetings.* Sleep Out Coordinator -- This person is the overallcoordinator for all details of the Sleep Out and workswith the following project leaders:1) Recruitment Coordinator -- This coordinator andcommittee are responsible for recruiting groups and indi-viduals to sleep out and following-up with them onfundraising.2) Logistics Coordinator -- This committee makes spe-cific arrangements for the Sleep Out,such as reservingthe campus quad, inviting speakers, and lining up food.3) Visibility Coordinator -- This committee is respon-sible for designing and putting up posters, banners, anddisplays to publicize the fast; getting coverage in the me-dia; and speaking at dorm meetings or in classes to pub-licize the event.
15
* Fast Coordinator -- Same project structure as theSleep Out with Recruitment, Logistics, and Visibility Co-ordinators and Committees.* Advocacy Coordinator -- Same as above.* Media / Publicity -- You might want to have onegroup that is in charge of publicizing the week in generaland working with each project group to generate cover-age.
Host a Kick-Off MeetingYou will want to hold a meeting of interested volunteersand other groups to come up with a series of events forthe Week. Creating a mix of education, service, and ac-tion projects will appeal to a larger percentage of thecampus community.The purpose of this meeting is to set goals, form a coor-dinating committee and outline your plans with a timeline.As the program becomes a tradition on campus, you mayfind that you want to form a committee that operatesyear-round.
Coalition BuildingSince one of the goals of National Hunger and Home-lessness Week is to involve as many people as possible,invite every group on campus to sponsor one event each-- do not just approach the groups with whom you usu-ally work. Use the week to build a coalition with a widevariety of members so your efforts will be more far-reaching and effective.Personally meet and follow-up with the most promisinggroups. Do not rely on a group to respond to a writteninvitation. A flyer or invitation is a good start, but must befollowed up with a personal phone call to schedule a meet-ing to discuss the projects that the group is most inter-ested in and what they can commit to (e.g. organizing aninternational speaker, getting ten group members to fast,passing a resolution to endorse the week, selling fifteentickets to the hunger banquet, etc.).
Trouble ShootingUse this guide and the tips for recruitment, coalition build-
ing, and the leadership structure. Contact the Campaignfor general advice or problem-solving and with specificquestions -- (800) 664-8647. Also, check out our websitefor updates, www.studentsagainsthunger.org or emailquestions. In addition, feel free to call the contact listed atthe end of each project with questions specific to thatprogram. In some cases, the contact organization has ad-ditional project material that can be sent to you.
Wrapping It UpBe sure to reflect on and evaluate the project after itscompletion. Discuss the events, including what worked,what did not and why. Talk about what people learnedfrom and experienced through the project and whatideas there are for the next term/year.We also ask that you complete and return to us theevaluation form on page 38. This will take you no morethan 10 minutes to complete and gives us helpfulinformation to work from and pass on to future studentleaders at your campus and others.
16
Community Service Organizations -- When it comesto hunger and homelessness issues, campus communityservice groups are great partners. Work with communityservice coordinators to organize service projects includ-ing shelter visits.Campus Ministry/Religious Groups--Very often, re-ligious groups are already planning events on campus forHunger and Homelessness Awareness Week. Ask reli-gious groups to organize a clothing, food, or book drive.Ask the campus minister to lead a sermon on hunger andhomelessness issues.Fraternity/Sorority -- Work with philanthropy chairs atGreek houses, to get their sorority or fraternity houses toadopt the Week as one of their annual service events.Organize a contest between houses, e.g. who can getthe most volunteers to participate in the Fast or SleepOut, who can raise the most money by selling tickets tothe Hunger Banquet or who can collect the most cannedfood.Student Government -- Student government groupsmay have the ability to issue a proclamation declaringthis Hunger and Homelessness Week on campus, supplyfunding for printing posters or other materials, providevolunteer or staff time to help organize the Week, or funda guest speaker or film.Dorms/Residence Halls -- The Fast is a great way fordorm students to participate. Because there are manypeople living under the same roof, use existing systemsof communication to get students involved -- speak atdorm meetings, table at the dining hall dinner line to getpeople to commit to the Fast, etc. You can also createcompetitions between dorm floors or halls.Newspaper/Campus Media -- The newspaper and ra-dio station can donate free ad or public service announce-ment space, cover your events as news, and editorializeabout the issues of hunger and homelessness and theimportance of getting involved. They can also cosponsoran event; for example, the radio station can cosponsor abenefit concert and broadcast from the event.
Ethnic Minority Organizations -- Ask them to orga-nize a particular event -- maybe something specific totheir community -- and/or to involve their membership insome of the events of the week.Art/Photography Club or Class -- Sponsor an art orphotography exhibit or contest on hunger and/orhomelessness.Sports Teams -- The basketball team can sponsor afree throw contest or Hoops Against Hunger. Footballteam members can make an announcement at halftimeand encourage people to make a donation as cans arepassed around or left by refreshment stands. Any teamcan offer a discount ticket price to people who bringcanned food or clothing to a game. Also, on many cam-puses, sports stars are campus celebrities who will in-crease attendance and media coverage if they attendyour event or endorse it with their photo on your posters.English Club -- Members can hold a poetry readingfundraiser or composition contest. They also can helpgenerate media coverage by writing press releases, let-ters to the editor, etc.Program or Activities Board -- This group can helparrange a major speaker or film on hunger andhomelessness or help to organize a benefit concert.Faculty -- Professors can sponsor interns to get coursecredit for organizing the week, announce events to classmembers, or speak at events themselves. Faculty mem-bers will often have useful contacts in the larger commu-nity, as well. On many campuses, faculty are an untappedresource with lots of potential.
Groups to Contact on Campus
17
When organizing your programs, remember that the firststep toward action is education. Each event you orga-nize can have an educational element -- include a speakerat events, distribute fact sheets, and get articles or lettersto the editor printed in the paper.In addition, you may want to organize events during Hun-ger and Homelessness Awareness Week for which theprimary goal is education. Although, you should remem-ber to include a strong pitch for involvement at the end ofthe event. Get the names and phone numbers of every-one attending the event, so you can call them about vol-unteer opportunities. Education only makes a differenceif people act on their knowledge. Be sure to provide clearopportunities for action.
Use the University Classroom forHunger Education
Through the classroom you will reach people you missedthrough other activities. Ask professors to incorporatehunger and homelessness into lectures during the Week.Offer names of guest speakers, provide professors withfact sheets, simulations, and resource lists, or volunteerto teach part of the class yourself. To increase atten-dance at your events, give faculty the Week�s agendaand ask them to announce events and/or list them on theblackboard. Some faculty will give students extra creditfor volunteering or attending your events.
Fact CampaignPut up a new poster each day with one hunger orhomelessness fact and a listing of the day�s events. Getvolunteers to come to campus early to write the fact ofthe day on the corner of blackboards in large lecturehalls. Draw a box around it and write "please save". Youcan also do brief class presentations as part of the edu-cation campaign and pass a donation jar for hunger re-lief.One example of a particularly powerful educational eventtook place at the Pratt Institute in New York. In honor ofthe thousands of children who die daily of hunger andmalnutrition, students placed tombstones around the cam-pus in order to raise awareness and impress the urgencyof action upon the student body.
Host a Speaker or a FilmFor this event, be sure that you have a good publicitystrategy. Ask professors to announce it to and/or requireit in classes. Call through your volunteer list to tell peopleabout the event and ask if they will attend. Put up post-ers, banners, and table tents in the cafeteria, and havevolunteers distribute leaflets on the day of the event. Besure that the newspaper announces the event before-hand and covers the event. An article printed about theevent will reach many more people than the number whoare able to attend. If you bring a speaker to campus,arrange an interview with the paper and radio stationand, if possible, include a classroom speaking engage-ment.
Games and QuizzesLook for creative ways to communicate the severity ofthe problem and ways students can get involved. Severalorganizations have homeless simulation games and quiz-zes that help to dispel some of the myths people haveabout the hungry and homeless.
Learn By TeachingElementary school children are not too young to know orcare about hunger and homelessness issues, and manyteachers are interested in guests coming to run classeson important topics. Several groups have curricula to usefor teaching children about these issues. The first step isdo outreach through a mailing and phone calls to teach-ers to offer your services, next is to train your �teach-ers.� Call the Campaign for suggested curriculum or helpwith training. We recommend World Food Day's Feed-ing Minds, Fighting Hunger K-12 curriculum, and theFood Bank of Western Massachusetts YAH! curriculum.
Raise Awareness Through the MediaBe sure to include media outreach as part of any project.It can be an educational tool itself. Media coverage en-ables you to reach many more people than those whoyou speak to at the table or who attend your event. Becreative and thorough in media outreach. Ask the cam-pus paper to dedicate a full page or section to the issuesof hunger and homelessness during the Week. Campusradio and TV stations can be helpful in making publicservice announcements as well.
Educational Projects
18
Suggested Readings:50 Ways You Can Feed a Hungry World by TonyCampolo and Gordon Aeschliman.Address Unknown: The Homeless in America byJames Wright.Annual Report on the State of World Hunger by Breadfor the World.The Cathedral Within: Transforming Your Life ByGiving Something Back by Bill Shore.The Geopolitics of World Hunger by Action AgainstHunger.Homelessness in America available from the NationalCoalition for the Homeless 202-775-1322.Hope's Edge: A New Diet for a Small Planet byFrances Moore Lappe and Anna LappeHunger in History: Food Shortage, Poverty and Dep-rivation by Lucille NewmanHunger and Public Action by Amartya Sen and JeanDrezeLiving Hungry In America by J. Larry Brown.Ordinary Resurrections: Children in the Years of Hopeby Jonathan Kozol.Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness InAmerica's Cities: 1999 U.S. Conference of MayorsWelfare Repeal: The Impact of H.R. 3734 on Home-lessness in America, 1996 available from the NationalCoalition for the Homeless.The World Food Problem: Tackling the Causes ofUndernutrition in the Third World by Foster andPhillipsWorld Hunger: Awareness, Affinity, Action by theCongressional Hunger Center.Compiled with suggestions from Bread for the World, theCongressional Hunger Center, and the National Coali-tion for the Homeless.
Approach the media about writing articles and takingpictures of your events. Creative displays and lots ofvolunteers will make your events more worthy ofphotographs. Invite them to come with you on a volun-teer trip to a local shelter or agency and urge them towrite about the program and volunteer opportunities. (Besure to ask for the permission of the shelter director first.)Another idea is to have group members write letters tothe editor about the problems of hunger and homelessnessand what students are doing about it.
Hunger 101 SimulationHunger 101 is a simulation designed to increase aware-ness about the too-often difficult situation faced by manypeople experiencing poverty of simply obtaining food.Within small groups, participants are assigned individualidentities, complete with income, disability, nationality, andother relevant information. They are then challenged toobtain food on their budget and by using the availableresources. The simulation should be followed by a re-flection during which participants can share their experi-ences and thoughts. Hunger 101 can be used as an edu-cational tool on your own campus or with school-agechildren.Contact:Rhode Island Community Food Bank(401) 826-3073Capital Area Community Food Bank(202) 546-5344
Homelessness MarathonThe Homelessness Marathon is a 14-hour radio broad-cast, featuring the voices and stories of homeless peoplearound the U.S. Throughout the night, radio stationsacross the country feature segments with homeless andformerly homeless individuals, and national advocates andexperts, as well as provide opportunities to call-in. Groupsoften hold candlelight vigils or marches in conjunctionwith the broadcast. This year, the 7th HomelessnessMarathon will originate from Cleveland, OH and run from7pm on February 5th to 9am on February 6th, 2004. Visitthe website to find out if a radio station in your area isparticipating or to find out how you can bring the broad-cast to your area.Contact: www.homelessnessmarathon.org
19
Community Service ProjectsCommunity service is an important component of Hun-ger and Homelessness Awareness Week, as it is withany program. Below are some ideas for projects that youcan organize during the week:
More Food, Clothing,Blankets, & Toys:Tips for the Best "Drives"
There are a variety of ways to organize "drives." Besure to make it easy and accessible for volunteers anddonors. The most successful drives are usually wherevolunteers go to the donors. The first step, of course, isto contact local agencies to find out what is mostneeded. Below are some effective examples:Necessity Drives: Ask shoppers on their way into asupermarket to buy some extra food to donate on theway out. Give them a leaflet as a reminder and with sug-gestions of foods that are most useful to local food banks.Halloween Trick or Treat for Canned Food: Go doorto door in apartments near campus for food or clothingdonations. This is also a great way to publicize your groupand to recruit volunteers. Give out fact sheets with moreinformation, a brief description of your group and yournext meeting time, plus have a sign-up sheet.Clothing Drives: Clothing drives are especially effec-tive at the end of the year as students are moving out oftheir apartments, dorms, and Greek Houses. Again, besure to talk with local shelters to evaluate their needs.They may need only specific items, such as children'sclothing, professional clothing , or winter clothing.Toy or Book Drives: Oberlin students created librar-ies in shelters by doing book drives on campus and ap-proaching local book stores for donations. Toys and bi-cycles are also much appreciated by the increasing num-ber of families in need.Student-run Soup Kitchen: Work with a local com-munity group to establish a student-run soup kitchen. Ifyour community is in need of a daily feeding program,use your campus and community resources to start sucha program. Students at Rhodes College in Memphis, TNhave developed a model program that other schools canadopt. Please contact NSCAHH for information.
Gleaning: If you live in or near a rural area, you canoften ask local farmers to allow volunteers to pick left-over produce to donate to a local food bank. Students atthe University of Massachusetts, Amherst picked 10 tonsof apples from a local orchard to benefit area food banks.
Volunteer in Local Sheltersor Soup Kitchens
In every community there are countless individuals andagencies that rely on the help of volunteers. Do a needsassessment of your local community to find out wherethere are gaps in local services that you can provide.This may be an ongoing commitment that is kicked-offduring the Week. Students across the country havesupplemented a variety of existing programs or have es-tablished new ones, such as literacy education, child care,job counselling, mentoring, and tutoring.
Start a Community GardenWork with a local food bank, school, or city to find theland and establish a community garden. Work with theCity to establish free water, get seed, soil enhancements,and tools donated. If land is not available, establish a bingarden at a local shelter, community center, or food bank.Community gardens have taken different forms. Someprovide plots of garden space or bins to low-incomepeople to grow their own food. Another option is to getvolunteers to garden and grow food for food banks.Service Trips and Alternative SpringBreak
Every year, countless college students volunteer at shel-ters, and build homes during their winter and springbreaks. Maine Campus Compact organized an alterna-tive spring break in Washington, DC that focused onhunger and homelessness issues. Eleven students fromMaine schools travelled to DC to volunteer at sheltersand community kitchen, meet with leading anti-hungerand homelessness advocates and organizers, and lobbydecision makers in an effort to learn more about theseissues (and urban poverty) and to directly make a differ-ence.
20
American University students organized a dorm pennydrive competition. Each residence hall had a huge jar inthe lobby, and residents were urged to toss extrachange into the jar. In order to increase competitionand money raised, the organizers added the rule thatpaper money was subtracted from the total. So, inorder to reduce other hall's points, residents put dollarbills in other dorms' jars.4. Collect the jars from campus. Send an update andmoney (money order or checks, no cash) to:
NSCAHH233 N. Pleasant StreetAmherst, MA 01002800- NO HUNGR
A-ThonsVolunteers raise funds by gathering hourly sponsorshipsfor their activities. The Hunger Cleanup (April 10, 2004)is a great example of an effective a-thon, because volun-teers raise money and complete work projects to helplocal programs. Most events can be an a-thon -- Sleep-a-thon (Sleep Out), walk-a-thon, and dance-a-thon, etc.
Talent Show/Poetry ContestsConcordia College organized �Eyes on Hunger,� abenefit talent show in which students, faculty membersand professors demonstrate their talents, while raisingmoney for hunger relief. More than 200 people at-tended the event which raised $700 for three local foodshelves.Students at the University of Maryland put a twist on thetalent show concept. They invited several of the home-less individuals that they had met during shelter visits andan urban plunge to exhibit their artistic talents. Individu-als read poetry, displayed their art work and jewelry, andplayed music. The performers loved the experience because it gave them the opportunity to demonstrate theirtalents.
Fundraising is core to any nonprofit organization and away that you can have a long-term impact with an orga-nization. Finding a way to raise money through your ex-isting plans is the best way to fundraise. There are manyways that you can add a fundraising component to anevent. For example, you can charge admission to or askfor donations at the hunger banquet or other events, suchas a speaker or concert. You can also organizefundraising events such as:
Spare Change for Social ChangeDuring National Hunger and Homelessness AwarenessWeek, we strongly encourage students to incorporateeducation, community service, advocacy, and fundraisinginto the week. The National Student Campaign AgainstHunger and Homelessness is sponsoring Spare Changefor Social Change, a penny-drive. Organizing such anevent is easy to do, and is a minimal-effort way to raisea significant amount of money. Proceeds from SpareChange for Social Change will help support the na-tional organizing efforts and projects that the NationalStudent Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessnesssponsors by strengthen our student network and its im-pact at the local and national level.How To:1. Contact NSCAHH to register and receive materi-als for the drive. We will provide labels and support toparticipating campuses. Collect empty jars and pastelabels on them.2. Put the jars everywhere: dorms, stores, academicdepartments, dining halls, etc. Ask local and campuscafes and coffee shops to place donation jars by thecash register for people to donate their change.Advertise the drive around campus.3. Be creative! Some campus groups have raisedthousands of dollars by going door to door in campusapartments or dorms and asking people to donate thechange they have around the house on coffee tables,jars, and in couches.
Fundraising Projects
21
AuctionsMany campuses hold auctions as a creative way to raisemoney. It is a great opportunity to educate the greater cam-pus population, build campus coalitions, and raise money.You can auction off student and faculty services, such astutoring, get items donated from local businesses, or auc-tion off something as a joke. Proceeds go to programs tosupport those who are experiencing hunger andhomelessness.Students at Amherst College organized an auction, raisingmore than $3000 for the local survival center. Student or-ganizers solicited donations from local businesses, sportsteams, and professors. Even the college president donatedhis hair styling services, which went for $200.
Money DistributionMany events that you plan during this Week, includingthe Sleep Out and the Oxfam Hunger Banquet, are idealfundraisers. National Hunger and Homelessness Aware-ness Week was created to address the problems atdifferent levels - local, national and international. Conse-quently, money distribution guidelines consistent withthese goals were established. We suggest the following:50% Local: Support local meal programs, homelessshelters, local organizing groups, and food banks. Ifstudents volunteer at agencies in your community, thinkabout supporting these programs.35% National: The National Student Campaign AgainstHunger and Homelessness is funded by fundraisers,donations from individuals, as well as grants from privatefoundations. We encourage schools to support theCampaign in our efforts to build a strong student move-ment fighting hunger and homelessness. We will use thefunds to implement our national programs, providetraining and support to hundreds of campuses, and offerassistance and advice.15% International: While there are thousands oforganizations working on behalf of the impoverished inareas outside the U.S., we suggest you support OxfamAmerica and the International Development Exchange(IDEX). While it is understandable to focus on problemsaround us, it is important to remember that we areintegrally connected to the world.
then used to serve a simple meal of soup and bread.Guests at the meal give a suggested donation of tendollars in exchange for the meal and the bowl, whichthey keep as a reminder of their experiences at themeal. The money raised is then used to support local,national, or international hunger relief efforts. EmptyBowls is an ideal fundraiser to be combined with aneducational event, e.g. a speaker during the meal.Contact: Empty Bowls
P.O. Box 167Oxford, MI 48371www.emptybowls.net
Swipe Twice For HungerThrough Swipe Twice for Hunger students donatepoints/money from their meal card to benefit anti-hunger and homelessness efforts. Most students findthat they have funds remaining on their meal plans atthe end of the semester. Instead of relinquishing alltheir points, students and campus dining services haveagreed to allow students to donate money (equivalentto a meal value) to anti-hunger and homelessnessprograms. This is a great opportunity to work with thecampus dining program and other student groups,while educating the campus public about the issues ofhunger and homelessness. Swipe organizers askstudents to pledge to skip a meal on a designated dayand donate the money they saved to help the hungryand homeless. Set up tables with information in frontof the campus dining hall to ask students to commitahead of time to skip that meal. Publicize the programthrough posters, flyers, and media to recruit additionalparticipants and make the most of the event.Through a strong partnership with the campus diningservices, students at University of Connecticut, Storrsraised over $4,000 for several non-profits. UConn'scampus dining services allows students to swipe twice(donate two meals) through this program.
Empty BowlsEmpty Bowls is a great fundraiser to be coordinated inpartnership with your school's art department or a localart center. Volunteers create ceramic bowls, which are
22
6. Establish goals and devise a timetable. Set an incomegoal and draw up a budget. Be ambitious but realistic.Plan activities that are appropriate for your group or thepeople you are trying to reach. Consider hosting a Hun-ger Banquet or a Dining Hall fast.7. Talk to people! Speak with the hosts of last year'sevent. Call Oxfam's Fast Team for the names of otherparticipants in your area.Contact the student activities director, community ser-vice office, campus ministry, residential life office, Greekorganizations, and other staff and student groups. Getauthorization from school administrators for your Fastevent.8. Publicize, publicize! Put up Fast posters in high trafficareas. Set up an Oxfam table, hand out flyers, wear yourOxfam t-shirt. Request Oxfam's free Media Kit to helpexpand your media coverage.9. Involve other groups. Bring people with related con-cerns into the Fast planning process. Build a coalition.Get other groups to sponsor your Fast event, and attendtheir meetings to announce your activities.10. Plan your Fast program and the message you want itto convey. Be prepared to explain Oxfam America'swork and how Fast donations are spent. Order the Hun-ger Fact Sheet or download it from the web.
Contact: Oxfam America(800) 597-FASTe-mail: [email protected]: www.oxfamamerica.org
What is the Fast?In 1974 on the Thursday before Thanksgiving, 250,000people participated in the first nationwide Oxfam AmericaFast for a World Harvest. Students, churchgoers, fami-lies, and community groups across the United Statesfasted for the day or skipped a meal, donating the moneythey would have spent on food to Oxfam. This was thebeginning of a national movement of concerned peopletaking action against the hunger and poverty in our world.Now, 29 years later, hundreds of thousands of commit-ted people organize Fast for a World Harvest events forOxfam America. They know that by taking action in theircommunities, they can make a difference in the world.Oxfam's Fast has raised millions of dollars for our pov-erty fighting projects in 30 countries, including the UnitedStates. It has also provided the opportunity for those ithas touched to become involved in a nationwide move-ment to create a more just and compassionate world. How to Organize the Fast On Your Campus1. Call the Oxfam America Fast Team at 800/597-FASTto order your Activities Handbook, or go to the web pageat www.oxfamamerica.org to download materials directly.Oxfam will assist you with ideas, strategies and sugges-tions for videos and speakers, and put you in touch withothers in your area.2. Watch the Oxfam "Stop! Go Fast!" video, availablefree on request.3. Form a core group of volunteers to brainstorm, plan,and carry out your Fast event. Assign one major task toeach person or committee.4. Start your outreach early. Eight weeks before theevent is ideal, but you can do a lot in as little as twoweeks. Draw up a volunteer list, including people's phonenumbers, ways they can help, and times they are avail-able.5. Order free materials from Oxfam America by phone,fax or e-mail. Download materials directly from theOxfam website at www.oxfamamerica.org.
Fast for a World Harvest
23
The Oxfam America Hunger BanquetToday an estimated 840 million people -- one in five per-sons -- are chronically hungry. Yet, more than enoughfood is grown to feed everyone. It is the unequal distribution of resources --not lack of food-- that is at the rootof world hunger. The Hunger Banquet (sometimes calleda Global Reality Dinner) dramatizes this inequity.Only a few people will leave this unusual banquet withsatisfied stomachs. Though most will receive little to eat,all will go away filled with new understanding about theproblem of world hunger.The Hunger Banquet works best with at least 60 people.Banquets of several hundred people are becoming in-creasingly common, and some banquets have drawnnearly a thousand people. The more guests, the moreeffective the demonstration.
Overview of the OxfamAmerica Hunger Banquet:A large meal is prepared and divided among the guestsin proportions that represent the earnings of people wholive in the world�s high, middle and low-income coun-tries. By random drawing, Hunger Banquet guests endup in one of three groups. Fifteen percent of participantsrepresent the high-income countries and enjoy a gour-met meal with all the trimmings. Thirty percent eat asimple meal of rice with beans or broth. Fifty-five per-cent represent the majority of people who live in low-income countries; this group shares rice and water. TheHunger Banquet demonstrates the inequities of living con-ditions among people throughout the world; it doesn�t giveprecise measures of hunger or numbers of hungry people.
How to:1. Raise funds -- Charge an admission price or simplyraise donations. Invite local businesses or communitygroups to buy tables at the banquet or cosponsor the eventto defray any expenses, and ask local restaurants andmarkets to donate food.2. Set the stage -- Consider holding the Banquet in apublic area, such as a cafeteria, community hall, or thelobby of the student union. Set up a special table todistribute educational materials available from OxfamAmerica. Designate seating for the different incomegroups. Go all out for the wealthiest 15 percent; use tablecloths, candles, china and silverware. Arrange plain, baretables or benches for the middle-income 30 percent.Have the poorest 55 percent sit on the floor and eat with-out utensils. Consider having everyone share from a singlebowl.3. Assign Roles -- As guests arrive, have them pull aticket out of a hat or bowl. By the color or number, theywill know in which group they belong.If more people show up, unexpectedly, direct them toGroup Three, so that most people will end up in the low-income group.4. Educate -- Use the event as an educational tool. Hostspeakers to talk about the issues of hunger or showslideshows or videos. Encourage members of the groupto discuss their experiences and feelings. As always, besure to have a clear opportunity for participants to signup to volunteer after the end of the Banquet.5. Download the Hunger Banquet Planning Kit di-rectly at www.oxfamamerica.org
Contact: Oxfam America(800) 597-FASTe-mail: [email protected]: www.oxfamamerica.org
24
"Night Without a Home"Awareness Sleep OutLogistics:� Choose a site central to student activities. Take care of logistics right away. You will have to get permis sion for an overnight event and check in with campus security, plus arrange for portable toilets or access to facilities.� Local businesses can donate food, supplies, or money.� Have fact sheets ready to give to participants and passersby.Program:� Have community leaders, homeless people, students, and/or professors speak at the event. Music is a great way to bring people together. Arrange for a local musician who sings about the issues to come or en- courage people to bring their acoustic instruments.� Prepare good discussion topics.� Starting the night with a vigil or march will draw people and attention.� Have a time for reflection the next morning so partici- pants can share their experiences and thoughts. This is important for every event you organize.Recruitment:� Begin early to recruit participants through tables, class raps, and other groups.� Be sure to contact other groups to cosponsor the event.� Have �Food Not Bombs� or a local group serve a meal for the homeless folks who join you. Contact local shelters or homeless advocates about bringing homeless people to campus. You will want to have some amount of control over who attends and/or have people there who are experienced with problems that may arise.� Be strict about a No Drug or Alcohol policy and other necessary rules. Be sure participants know about these
Currently, 3.5 million Americans are without homes eventhough an estimated 30% work at least part-time. In aneffort to raise awareness, the Campaign encouragescampuses nationwide to organize the Sleep Out onWednesday, November 19.Sleep Outs are events in which a number of participantschoose to sleep outside (or in a large room) overnight toform a community exchange of ideas, goals, and facts.They are creative tools for advocacy, fundraising, pro-test, education, or a combination of these. The SleepOut could incorporate a graphic display communicatingthe urgency of the problem of homelessness, a �teach-in� on the causes of homelessness, or call upon electedofficials to take a stand on the issue. The event shouldbe an opportunity to educate and recruit more volunteersfor ongoing community action.Duration: Approximately 12 hours, beginning at7 PM and running until 7 AM the next morning.
How to:1. Set your goals and plan. Determine with your com-mittee:� Who you want to invite to participate--other campus groups, speakers from the community, homeless or formerly homeless people.� How many participants you want.� What the primary purpose(s) of the event is -- educa tional, fundraiser, etc.� How much money to raise and where to donate it.Confirm the date for the event and set a week-to-weekplan working backwards from the date which includes aplan for logistics, visibility, recruitment, program andfundraising.2. Establish Committee leaders and plans for thefollowing committees:
25
beforehand and that the rules are posted at the event.� Be sure to pass around a sign-up sheet so you can contact participants for future events. Use the event to recruit and inspire volunteers to participate beyond the Sleep Out in events that help solve the problems of hunger and homelessness (e.g. letter writing, join ing your group, participating in community service events, etc.).Visibility:� Hand out flyers announcing the Sleep Out to actively recruit people to participate.� Put up posters and banners.� Contact local radio stations to run public service an- nouncements.� Be sure to invite the campus and community media.Fundraising:� Contact businesses for donations.� Get volunteers to gather pledges for each hour they sleep out to donate to local, national, international groups.
Sample TimelineWeek 1:� Recruit volunteers through tables, posters, and class announcements.Week 2:� Set goals.� Find a leader and develop a specific plan for each committee.� Reserve a central site for the Sleep Out and arrange for amplified sound.� Make a flyer and compile a list of groups on campus to invite.� Contact the campus paper about writing an article on homelessness in your community, the Sleep Out and how to get involved.� Write an invitation and compile a list of speakers (and/ or performers, videos, etc.) to invite.
� Write a letter to local businesses for donations and funds and compile a list of businesses.� Hold a training at your weekly volunteer meeting on how to fundraise by gathering hourly sponsors for your Sleep Out.Week 3:� Continue securing a location for the Sleep Out and make other arrangements, including bathrooms and permission to serve food on the night of the event.� Distribute flyers to groups and departments on cam- pus and begin calling or visiting their offices to follow- up on their interest.� Mail invitations to speakers and performers, begin fol- low-up calls.� Mail a letter to businesses and begin contacting them for donations of funds and food for the Sleep Out.Week 4:� Make arrangements for a microphone for speakers, if necessary, and work with the fundraising committee on food donations.� Continue follow-up to other groups for volunteer par- ticipants and endorsements of the project. Ask each participating group to assign a Sleep Out contact who will confirm volunteers and follow-up with them on fundraising.� Continue follow-up calls to speakers (performers).� Continue follow-up calls and visits to local businesses.� Follow-up with volunteers on their gathering of hourly pledges and update them on how much money has been raised relative to the goal.Week 5:� Confirm location, bathrooms, etc.� Continue follow-up for food donations and arrange for pickup or delivery.� Hold a table to recruit participants.� Continue follow-up with groups for participants and endorsements.� Continue follow-up calls to speakers, set order for speakers, performers.� Continue follow-up for business donations.� Put up posters regarding the Sleep Out.� Write your news advisory and release and mail by week�s end.Week 6:� Reconfirm all logistics, pick up food donations.
26
Faces ofHomelessness PanelOne powerful educational event that has become im-mensely popular on campuses across the country and atthe Campaign's Fall Conference is the Faces of Home-lessness Panel. Organizing such a panel would be anideal way to kick off Hunger and Homelessness Aware-ness Week. The Panel is made up of 4 people of differ-ent ages, ethnicities, backgrounds and gender who allhave one thing in common--they are either currently orhave in the past been homeless. Having the panel mem-bers share their experiences of hunger and homelessnesshelps the audience make a personal connection, and learnmore about what causes people to become hungry andhomeless, stereotypes about homeless people, the chal-lenges they face, and (for the formerly homeless) howthey got out of the situation.This event brings awareness to the community and canprovide your organization with deeper insight into whatprograms may be effective in helping those who arehomeless.
How To:1. Contact one or two local homeless shelters. Tell themabout the purpose of the panel and ask if they know ofany clients who would be interested in participating2. Compile a diverse group of 4 panel members. Themore diverse the personal stories are, the more valuableit will be to your audience.3. Arrange for a classroom or auditorium where youcan hold the panel discussion and audio and visual equip-ment that you may need.4. Publicize the event using leaflets, class announcementsand tabling.5. At the event, give each speaker 8-10 minutes to intro-duce themselves and tell the story about how they be-came homeless. Have a facilitator to introduce the speak-ers, keep track of time, and keep the discussion moving.6. After all the speakers are finished, hold a discussionperiod where the audience can comment on the storiesor ask panel members questions.
� Continue tabling to recruit participants.� Confirm speakers, performers.� Call any outstanding businesses, and make reminder calls to all volunteers to remind them to gather pledges, compile a total to date.� Poster, contact the campus and community media aboutcovering the event.� Make follow-up calls to the media.Week 7:� Phone bank all volunteers Monday and Tuesday to remind them about the Sleep Out.� Pick up food donations.� Remind media.
Sleep Out Wednesday, November 20!Week 8:� Write thank you letters and return borrowed equip- ment.� Call NSCAHH & NCH with highlights and details (800) 664-8647.� Send media clips to NSCAHH & NCH.
Sample Agenda:6 pm Gather participants; have van teams pick up
shelter guests.7 pm Coffee and/or meal served.8 pm Speakers, candlelight vigil and music. Take a
political action - sign a petition, write letters, orcall your local decision makers.
9 pm Discussion groups.10 pm Late night food line.7 am Breakfast; closing remarks; wrap-up.
Contact:National Coalition for the Homeless1012 14th St., NW #600Washington, DC 20006Phone: 202-737-6444 x19Fax: [email protected]
27
8. Before the event, arrange for the results to be re-leased to the campus radio and newspaper, and at otherevents during the week. Use this as a stepping stone toset up a Food Salvage program at your school. Manualson starting one are available from the Campaign.
How to Use the Wasted FoodSurvey to Establish a FoodSalvage Program1. Contact the National Student Campaign Against Hun-ger and Homelessness for guidance and to order our FoodSalvage Manual.2. Using the results from the Survey and information col-lected from your Needs Assessment Survey, determinethe need for a Food Salvage program.3. Develop a Food Salvage organizing committee.4. Meet with the director of food services to inform him/her of the Wasted Food Survey results and the interestamong students in establishing a permanent food salvageprogram.5. Establish a plan. Call the Campaign for assistance.
Contact:National Student Campaign Against Hunger andHomelessnessAttn: Food Salvage233 N. Pleasant St.Amherst, MA 01002Phone: 413-253-6417Fax: 413-256-6435email: [email protected]: www.studentsagainsthunger.org
Wasted Food SurveyDuration: Approximately 2-3 hours at lunchtime inthe university cafeteria.OverviewA Wasted Food Survey is a simple hands-on event thatshows students how much food goes to waste daily intheir dining hall. Most students will be shocked by theamount of food that gets thrown away. After the event,compile the results and release it to the campus media.This is a great opportunity to raise the issue of hungerand to demonstrate the need and potential impact of aFood Salvage Program to provide unused food to localshelters and food banks. If your campus already has aFood Salvage Program established, you can use the sur-vey as an educational tool that shows how much food iswasted and salvaged and how students can decreasetheir waste.How To:1. This is an opportunity to work with a Residence Lifegroup on campus. Ask them to cosponsor the event.2. Arrange with the food service provider(s) at yourschool to do a Wasted Food Survey in the schoolcafeteria(s) on one day at lunch.3. Ask to use the pans and food scales.4. Take inventory of how many trash bins are located inthe cafeteria and plan to have two-three volunteers ateach location -- one-two volunteers to weigh the foodand one to record the amount.5. Have students scrape their leftover food into a paninstead of the trash, and then track the number of partici-pating students and how much food was thrown out.6. Materials: Have flyers with information on hunger tohand out to everyone as they leave the cafeteria. Havepaper, pens and calculators ready for volunteers.7. Have a sign up sheet and ask everyone who partici-pates if they are interested in volunteering in the future.
28
Recruitment: Always a PriorityThe Spring semester is a new chance to increase yourorganization's visibility and to add to your group's num-bers. With an expanded set of programs and activities toplan and carry out, you will need to get more people in-volved. The work you do can be even more successful,and new volunteers can often provide fresh ideas abouthow to get things done.
How to:The same recruitment techniques from the Fall can beutilized when recruiting for the Spring since the basicidea has not changed. You will need to recruit activelyusing tabling, posters, class announcements and media.Also, don't forget that following up and holding effectiveproject group meetings are essential to keeping potentialvolunteers interested and invested.One important difference between Fall and Spring re-cruitment is the central project you recruit around. Inthe Fall, the main focus is typically ongoing communityservice projects or Hunger and Homelessness Aware-ness Week. In the Spring, it is most likely the AnnualHunger Cleanup. Spring recruitment is your opportunityto fill leadership positions for the Hunger Cleanup, suchas recruitment, fundraising, publicity and worksite coor-dinators. Ideally, there are student leaders already in placeto take on these positions; however, recruitment is stillcritical to expanding the group and the organizing efforts.
Recruitment Techniques TablingOVERVIEW:Tabling is a tried and true method of recruitment, whichserves many functions. Beyond recruitment, tabling cansuccessfully build visibility for your Hunger Cleanup, andeducate passersby about the problems of hunger andhomelessness.Volunteers should use the table as a base. Materials onthe table, especially a large poster or display, will helpproject your presence into a flow of people and help gettheir attention. It is up to the tablers, however, to actuallydo the outreach by engaging passersby with a question (example: "Are you concerned about hunger andhomelessness?").
Spring OrganizingTabling provides an opportunity for one-on-one recruit-ment and ideally acts as a focus of attention that drawspeople over on their own initiative.
HOW TO:1. Materials -- Prepare materials to be displayed at thetable, such as banners, posters, fact sheets, buttons, andarticles from the paper. Also, be sure to have pens, clip-boards, and a tabling schedule. When a table is set upimaginatively and with flair, it reinforces yourorganization's image as credible and active. Make a boldbanner or display highlighting facts about hunger andhomelessness in your local area.2. Placement of table -- The location of the table is keyto its success. First pick high traffic areas like a dininghall or student union. Second, table in a variety of placesso as to get a good mix of people. Third, table where youare allowed to. Find out logistics and if you need permis-sion.3. Plan -- Set goals for the number of volunteers youwould like to identify from the table and the numbers ofcoordinators you would like to develop. Plan to get 5-6volunteers signed up per hour of tabling. For example, ifyou have two volunteers signed up for 1 hour each, theyshould sign up 6 volunteers each for a total of 12. Tablingis a good activity for new volunteers, so use your recruit-ment table to train and involve new folks. Be sure tohave an experienced volunteer at the table to coordinateeach hour of tabling. Always sign up twice as many vol-unteers as you need at any given hour, in anticipation thathalf will have a conflict arise or will forget. That wayyou will always have at least the number of volunteersyou need and maybe some extras. Be sure to give everyvolunteer a quick reminder call the night before they aresigned up to table.
29
4. Training -- Each hour's coordinator should give newvolunteers a brief overview of the Hunger Cleanup andthe goals of the table. Give volunteers basic tips for ef-fective tabling, and a copy of the sample presentation. Itis useful to demonstrate approaching someone and thenobserve the new volunteer and give him/her feedback.The coordinator should actively table to set the exampleand should check in frequently with new volunteers. At the end of their shift, new volunteers should be askedabout their experience, and invited to come back the nextday to coordinate the table. This way you are buildingthe number of coordinators and are giving new volun-teers the opportunity to take on more responsibility.5. Presentation or "Rap" -- The standard presenta-tion should consist of an introductory question, descrip-tion of organization, overview of problem, overview ofproposed solution, opportunity for involvement/support,and a request to sign up to participate in the Cleanup. 6. More confident tablers should "float" out intothe traffic flow to reach more people. To do this, theperson will need a clipboard with volunteer sign-up sheetsand information. Keep the less experienced tablers closerto the table, where they will have information readily avail-able to them.7. The table should be a fun, high-energy activitythat will help build visibility and excitement around theCleanup and attract lots of people. Make sure that therealways at least 2-3 volunteers at the table and utilize cre-ative visuals, even music, to help make the table fun forboth volunteers and passersby.
Class AnnouncementsOVERVIEW:Class announcements are a great way to reach lots ofpeople, build visibility, educate people, and recruit inter-ested volunteers and/or contributors. Class announce-ments are not as personal as one-on-one tabling and sothe quality of recruitment is slightly lower. However, theydo enable you to get your message out to a broader groupand to reach more potential volunteers.
One of the Recruitment Committee members should takeon the responsibility of Class Announcement Coordina-tor; he or she will need other volunteers to take shiftscalling faculty to schedule announcements and doing theannouncements.HOW TO:1. Set goals. Typically, 15% of a class will fill out volun-teer interest cards.2. Target a diverse cross-section of classes andlarge classes.3. Call professors ahead of time to ask for permis-sion. Most faculty members will let you make a 3-5minute presentation about your project at the start of theclass period. The biggest challenge will be reaching fac-ulty members in their offices. Count on scheduling 4-6class announcements per hour of faculty phoning, and besure to have group members ask their own faculty mem-bers if they can make an announcement in their ownclasses.4. Materials. Have a sign up sheet or volunteer card topass out so that folks can sign up with their name andphone number during your announcement. Be sure tocollect the sheet or cards before you leave. Also have awritten sample class announcement as a training tool forvolunteers doing the announcements.5. Have a training plan. The class announcement co-ordinator should schedule trainings so volunteers can learnhow to speak effectively to classes. People are oftennervous about public speaking, so an effective trainingand a sample announcement will help prepare volunteers.6. When doing an announcement, arrive to the classa few minutes early, in order to introduce yourself tothe professor and to pass out volunteer sheets or cards.Ask the professor to introduce you to the class when he/she is ready. Also, write the place and time of your nextmeeting on the board. Remember some volunteers willbe interested in participating in the Cleanup, but otherswill want to get actively involved in helping to plan theCleanup.
30
20th Annual Hunger CleanupApril 10, 2004If you have read the beginning of this manual, you al-ready have some idea of what exactly the Hunger Cleanupis. Although it is helpful to begin preliminary planning inthe Fall, the majority of the organizing starts in January.
I. The Organizing CommitteeThese are some leaders who will be heavily involved inthe major planning, and whom your organization can belooking to fill during the spring recruitment drive:Recruitment Committee Coordinator:There should be one person who is the overall recruit-ment coordinator. This person should have a core groupof recruiters. Together, the Recruitment Committee isresponsible for recruiting volunteers to organize theCleanup, recruiting team leaders and volunteers to par-ticipate in the Cleanup, and recruiting other groups to jointhe coalition.Fundraising Committee Coordinator:The Fundraising Coordinator heads a group of ideally 4-8 people. Their main responsibilities are to 1) raise moneyfrom local businesses; 2) work with the Recruitment Com-mittee to train Team Leaders to effectively fundraise; 3)coordinate direct mail; 4) coordinate money distributionwith the overall coordinator and the National StudentCampaign Against Hunger and Homelessness staff per-son; and 5) collect contributions from Team Leaders andVolunteers.Worksite Committee Coordinator:This Coordinator will need a small group of conscien-tious volunteers. Responsibilities include the coordina-tion of logistical details such as work site location, trans-portation, materials, and contact with the work site agen-cies.
Publicity Committee Coordinator:The responsibility of the Publicity Committee is twofold:on-campus and community publicity. Tasks include gen-erating media coverage, gaining campus and local en-dorsements, and building visibility.Team Leaders:A Team Leader recruits and works with a HungerCleanup team of 8-10 volunteers. They are critical to thesuccess of the event--a strong group of Team Leadersenables hundreds of volunteers to participate in yourCleanup.
II. FundraisingThe Hunger Cleanup is an a-thon, similar to a walk ordance-a-thon but has the added benefit of having a mean-ingful action (community service). The primary goal ofthe Cleanup is to raise money for programs fighting hun-ger and homelessness. Through fundraising your groupwill not only have an impact on the 10th, but also willextend that impact into the future. Many organizationsdepend on these kinds of fundraisers to survive.
How do you raise money?There are three primary ways of raising money:I. Individual Fundraising:Schools that have the most successful fundraising oftenset the individual goal at $45-50 per volunteer. Volun-teers raise funds by asking friends and others to sponsortheir volunteer hours. Individual fundraising is the back-bone of the Hunger Cleanup. By gathering hourly spon-sorships, all volunteers learn the skill of fundraising, andmore people participate in the Cleanup by contributing.
31
II. Business FundraisingBusiness fundraising can also be an effective and easyway to raise money for the Cleanup. Because the Hun-ger Cleanup is a community event, we should not be shyabout asking the community to contribute. Businessfundraising is a team effort and involves identifying localbusinesses, sending out introductory letters, and follow-ing up with a phone call.III. Direct Mail FundraisingAll of us know people that will want to support the Hun-ger Cleanup, such as family and friends. Some of thesepeople may be hard to reach because they don't live whereyou go to school. Direct mail fundraising is an easy wayto give these faraway folks a chance to help the hungryand homeless. Many campuses have also been very suc-cessful at using direct mail to raise money from faculty,staff and alumni. Direct mail is a quick and easy way toincrease your outreach and fundraising; be sure to in-clude it in your plan.
� Religious Centers. Many churches and synagogues sponsor meal programs and food banks.� Garden Associations.� And the following groups: Habitat for Humanity, YMCA/YWCAs, day care centers, retirement homes, or clinics.
IV. ReflectionWith each community experience, people learn aboutthemselves and about those in their surrounding environ-ment. There are simple, concrete ways that you can makethe experience of the Hunger Cleanup a more thoughtfuland rewarding experience for all.We encourage you to do this by introducing a reflectioncomponent in your event. Reflection can take many formsand shapes, but the two critical elements are to thinkabout and discuss your experience. By reflecting in agroup setting, participants often gain better insight intowhat they have felt and learned through their experi-ence. Experience has also shown that those events whichincorporate a reflection component are more likely toretain volunteers throughout the year.
V. Publicity and MediaHow do we build visibility?
On-campus publicity should include an informationalmeeting at the beginning of the year, presentations tocampus groups to invite them to the general interest meet-ing and recruit team leaders and volunteers, and infor-mational fliers. Other strategies might include utilizingcampus media, such as the student paper or radio, ta-bling, and gaining the support of faculty members.Community publicity might include distributing fliers andposters, gaining endorsements from the mayor and localVIPs, and approaching local businesses and schools.The Campaign will provide you with brochures and post-ers from the national office. Each registered HungerCleanup school will automatically be sent materialsthroughout the term. You will be sent brochures, posters,a media kit and other pertinent information.
III. Work SitesYou choose the site(s) in your community. Some schoolswork at one large site, such as a park or a church. Otherschools work at multiple sites. Be sure to choose site(s)which address community needs and relate to the prob-lems of hunger and homelessness.
Where do we work?Work Site Coordinators should start their search by speak-ing with the volunteer center on campus and local agen-cies at which students regularly volunteer. Other suc-cessful options have included:� Local homeless shelters and food banks.� Organizations fighting hunger and homelessness, such as the state Coalition for the Homeless.� Parks and Recreation or the Public Works Depart- ment (parks and playgrounds)� Social Service Agencies. Get a listing from United Way if you are not familiar with local groups.
32
How do we get news coverageof the event?
Contact your school's Public Relations Department. Theirjob is to get press coverage for events which involvemembers of your school. In many cases, they will takecare of most of the media work for the event.If you don't have such an office, approach a particularclass or lead your own media campaign. The NationalCampaign will send you a media kit which will include asample press release and advisory (and a description ofthe difference between the two), a sample public serviceannouncement, a guide to organizing a press conference,and general tips for gaining media coverage.
VI. Hunger Cleanup AwardsEach year the Campaign recognizes those schools thatdid a superlative job organizing the Hunger Cleanup.Through the Hunger Cleanup, schools demonstrate theircommitment by forging student and community partner-ships and working to end hunger and homelessness.The awards are given to three schools for overall Cleanupperformance, which includes money raised, volunteersrecruited, coalitions forged, endorsements gained. TheNSCAHH Award of Excellence was conceived in 1991to recognize the school which had the best all-aroundCleanup. The Campaign looks to reward schools thatsuccessfully integrate all of the basic components of theHunger Cleanup. The integral parts include fundraising,building extraordinary campus or community coalitions,receiving a variety of endorsements or proclamations, orgaining significant media coverage. These awards aregiven out during our the national conference each year.
Congratulations to last year's winners:NSCAHH Gold Medal Award of Excellence --Fairfield University, CT raised $12,200Silver Medal Award -- University of Connecticut, Storrsraised $5,000Bronze Medal Award -- Greater New Brunswick Hun-ger Cleanup, involving Rutgers University, Rutgers Uni-versity Cook/Douglas, Rutgers University Livingston, andRutgers University Busch raised $4800
Documenting the EventMake sure to compile a notebook of your notes, plans,timelines, photos, correspondence, and media coverage.This information will be invaluable to next year's Cleanuporganizers, will save them time and increase their effec-tiveness. Also, by having all the information neatly placedin one notebook, organizers will be able to pull articles,resolutions, and endorsement letters for use in meetingswith administrators and student leaders, as well as inmeetings with local businesses and organizations whoare potential donors.
Register to Participate Today!To register your school to participate, contact the Cam-paign right away! By registering, you will receive a Hun-ger Cleanup Organizing Kit including posters, brochures,and an organizing manual. You will also receive ongoingresources including updates and phone consultations.Contact the Campaign at 800-664-8647 to register to-day!
33
Evaluation: The Year in RetrospectThe Spring evaluation can be thought of as the secondhalf of the Fall needs assessment. In the Fall, your needsassessment goal is to discover what the community lacksin terms of services for the hungry and homeless, whilethe Spring evaluation helps you determine whether youhave put that knowledge to good use and have been ableto make a positive impact on the community by address-ing these needs.
Suggestions for Evaluation*Ask Yourself and Your Organization: Review theneeds assessed in the Fall and the goals you set at thebeginning of the year. How many of the activities wereactually accomplished? For the goals that weren't ac-complished--why not? Were there problems with timeconstraints? Problems you did not consider when youcreated your timeline? Did you really enjoy a particularproject? If so, consider spending more time on it nextyear to make it even more successful.*Ask Others: Contact the organizations you workedwith or that benefited from your work throughout theyear. Was it a pleasant experience for them as well asfor you? Were your efforts effective in helping themhelp others? Ask them what you can improve upon inthe future and what you did successfully so you can con-tinue these things. Have their major needs changed sincethe fall?*Looking Ahead: Don't just look to the past but con-sider the future as well. Have you managed to buildstrong coalitions with the community organizations youhave worked with? The shelter you visited last weekmay be next year's Hunger Cleanup worksite!
Tips for Making Things Easier Next Year( NOTE: The best idea for carrying out most of thesetips is to work on them as the year progresses.)� Keep your notes and timelines from this year's big events. They will serve as a helpful starting point for next year's organizers.� Keep a list of phone numbers, e-mail addresses and mailing addresses of student or campus organizations that have cosponsored or participated in your events. They will most likely be interested in getting involved again the following year.� Compile an updated list of contact info for community organizations such as shelters, food and clothing banks and soup kitchens that you have worked with or could work with in the future.� Keep in mind some businesses or high profile people that have been particularly supportive of your group. They could be a good resource later on.� Have all the members of your group, or at least the core members, brainstorm one thing that was particu- larly successful about a past event or an organizing attempt, and one thing that could be improved about the group or an event. By doing so, you can get input from many different points of view.
34
World HungerFor millions of people, the fight against hunger is literallya matter of life and death. According to Oxfam, one bil-lion people in the world are hungry, including 153 millionchildren under the age of five. The Food and Agricul-ture Organization of the United Nations' estimates that 6million children die each year as a result of hunger andmalnutrition.Decisions about how we utilize natural resources, land,and government expenditures are often dominated by spe-cial interests working to increase their own profits ratherthan doing what is right.We have the resources and knowledge needed to elimi-nate widespread hunger. Even with the current under-utilization and pollution of cultivatable land, the world pro-duces enough grain to provide an adequate diet for everyperson on earth.There are a range of political, economic, and environ-mental causes preventing the end of world hunger.The Extent of the Problem:* 40,000 children under age five die every day from hun-ger related diseases. That's twenty-seven children aminute; equal to three 747's crashing every hour, everyday, all year.* The loss of human life from hunger is greater than if anatomic bomb -- like the one that destroyed Hiroshimaduring World War II -- were to be dropped on a denselypopulated area every three days.* One in every five people is hungry -- 841 million peopleor more than double the population of the U.S., suffersfrom chronic malnutrition.* More people have died from hunger in the past twoyears than were killed in World War I and World War IIcombined.* 70 percent of childhood deaths are associated with mal-nutrition and preventable diseases.
Where are Hungry People?It is obvious that hunger is not simply a matter of thequantity of food available; it is also a matter of distribu-tion and of power. Food tends to go to the countries thatderive profits from trading and, in turn, to the people withthe most money or influence.* In Asia, 70 percent of the population lives in extremepoverty.* 95% of people experiencing hunger live in developingcountries.* In the United States, each year 33 million Americansexperience hunger or food insecurity.* As one of the richest and most developed nations in theworld, the U.S. has hunger rates at crisis levels with onein three children under age 12 at risk of suffering fromhunger.* The infant mortality rate is closely linked to nutritiondeficiencies among pregnant women. The U.S. ranks19th among 23 developed nations in infant mortality.
35
Causes ofHungerThere are a series of political, economic, and environ-mental causes leading to hunger in the world.Political Factors:A disproportionate amount of government money goesto military purposes as opposed to agriculture, fishing,and preservation of natural resources. The United Statesand other rich nations make aid decisions based on po-litical considerations. More than half of U.S. foreign as-sistance is �security aid� going to military and politicalallies. Much of the rest goes to fund large infrastructureprojects often built by U.S. companies which return profitsto U.S. shareholders rather than to local communities.In recent years, U.S. economic aid has delivered 84 centsper capita to low-income countries, $4.25 to middle in-come countries, $258 to high income countries.War devastates developing nations:Modern wars are often caused by ethnic conflicts oreconomic tensions. Conflict destroys crops and takeslabor and other resources out of food production. Upris-ings often prevent food from getting to the people thatneed it; in some cases, lack of food is used as a weapon.Economic Factors:Many developing countries face tremendous externaldebt that creates or exacerbates hunger crisis. This debtis largely the result of international trade imbalanceswhich mainly effect developing countries in LatinAmerica, Africa, and Asia. Governments must of de-cide between feeding people and paying off externaldebt.Furthermore, many developing countries continue to pro-duce �cash crops,� growing coffee, cocoa, sugar, and
cotton to export instead of food for their families andcountrymen. Large commercial farmers who grow cashcrops, named because the crops are sold for money ver-sus used for food, usually get good money for their har-vests and buy up the best land. Small farmers who growfood for their families are left to poorer quality land thatis difficult, sometimes impossible, to farm.Furthermore, the small producers, such as Central Ameri-can coffee growers, receive only a small fraction of theretail price of their coffee. Most of the earnings staywith the country of sale for transportation, processing,and high profits for middlemen and retailers.Environmental Factors:Land degradation and the deforestation of lands, oftenby big businesses, are a cause of hunger. Economic pres-sures are forcing many farmers to adopt farming prac-tices which meet short-term needs but cause long-termdamage to the environment. Furthermore, farmers feelpressure to farm the same land continually, instead ofallowing the soil to rejuvenate. These lands then pro-duce less and are especially vulnerable to erosion in theevent of drought, floods, or heavy winds.Furthermore, industries and people are deforesting landsto create new farmlands or for cattle ranching. Often,forests are clear-cut leading to further erosion. Forestsprotect soil from wind and water erosion. Often the newfarmland quickly becomes degraded.The world�s rainforests, rich in species, potential medi-cines, and other products, are being destroyed to growcattle and food for cattle. Raising cattle takes a greatdeal of land, water, and other resources.Only half the cultivatable land is actually farmed world-wide. Land continues to be lost to erosion, chemical pol-lution, and salinization and lost to highways, air-ports, and industrial uses.
Sources: Oxfam America, CongressionalHunger Center, World Hunger: Twelve Myths by Frances MooreLappe, Bread for the World.
36
Homelessness :The History of HomelessnessMost recent estimates show that roughly 3.5 millionAmericans experience homelessness every year. Whileexact figures are difficult to determine, all recent studieshave concluded that the problem has reached crisis pro-portions.Since the U.S. became an industrialized nation, periodi-cally thousands, even millions have been driven tohomelessness, through disasters, such as crop failure.Yet we nearly eliminated homelessness in the 1960�s and1970�s through federal housing programs.When the Great Depression added millions to the ranksof the unemployed, the role of the federal governmentand our vision of the governments� responsibility towardthe jobless changed. After World War II, the federalgovernment stated �a decent home for every American�as a national goal, and initiated massive housing programsin order to make home ownership possible. The HousingAct of 1949 launched a national effort to eliminate sub-standard and inadequate housing through the UnitedStates.These federal programs expanded in 1961, with legisla-tion that subsidized programs for building and managinghousing for low-income groups and home ownership bythe poor. By the 1960�s and 70�s, the few remaininghomeless people were mostly white, male alcoholics wholived in �skid row� areas. Even these men were able tofind rooms in boarding houses and cheap hotels.Homelessness exploded in the 1980's, as federal fundswere withdrawn from low-income housing, other federalassistance programs, for the mentally ill, and education.For example, between 1981 and 1986, funds to createnew public housing were cut by over 75%.This policy continues today as decisions are often madebased on the interest of moneyed special interests ver-sus the interest of the society at large. Therefore, spendingfor education, safety net programs, and low-income hous-ing has been severely cut while subsidies for pollutingindustries, military, and other corporations continue.
Who are the Homeless?* The U.S. Conference of Mayors found that, in 2002,requests for emergency shelter increased in 18 majorcities by an average of 19 percent, the steepest rise in adecade.* The U.S. Conference of Mayors report also found,that requests for emergency food assistance in the 25cities surveyed, increased by an average of 19%.* Families with children comprise 39 percent of the home-less population and make up the fastest growing seg-ment of the homeless.* On average, a person experiences homelessness forsix months.* In the United States, more than 750,000 people arehomeless on any given night.
Demographics of theHomeless* 35% are families* 40% of homeless men served in the armed forces* 20-25% are chronically mentally ill* 25-35% have experienced domestic violence* 10% have a physical disability* 20% of the urban homeless population are
employed* 25% are children under the age of 12* 33% are 18 to 30 years old* 35% are Caucasian* 50% are African American* 12% are Hispanic* 2% are Native American* 1% are Asian Americans
37
Resource DirectoryACORN2101 South Main StreetLittle Rock, AR 72204501-376-7151 www.acorn.orgAction Against Hunger247 West 37th Street, Suite 1201New York, NY 10018 www.aah-usa.orgAmeriCorps1201 New York Ave., NWWashington, D.C. 20525202-606-5000 www.americorps.orgAppalachian Service Project4523 Bristol HighwayJohnson City, TN 37601423-854-8800 www.asphome.orgBrandeis University, The Heller School for SocialPolicy & ManagementMS 035 / P.O. Box 9110Waltham, MA 02454781-736-3835 www.heller.brandeis.eduBread for the World50F Street NW, Suite 500Washington, D.C. 20001800-82-BREAD www.bread.orgCampus CompactBrown University, Box 1975Providence, RI 02912401-867-3950 www.compact.orgCampus Outreach Opportunity League (COOL)37 Temple Place, Suite 401Boston, MA 02111617-695-2665 www.cool2serve.orgCenter on Budget & Policy Priorities820 1st Street NW, #510Washington, D.C. 20002202-408-1080 www.cbpp.orgChildren's Defense Fund25 East Street, NWWashington, D.C. 20001202-628-8787 www.childrensdefense.orgChurch World Service28606 Phillips St. P.O. Box 968Elkhart, IN 46515800-297-1516 www.churchworldservice.orgCoalition on Human Needs1120 Connecticut Ave., NW # 910Washington, DC 20036202-223-2532 www.chn.orgCongressional Hunger Center229 1/2 Pennsylvania Ave., SEWashington, DC 20003202-547-7022 www.hungercenter.orgEvangelical Lutheran Church in America8765 West Higgins Rd.Chicago, IL 60631800-638-3522 www.elca.org
Food Research Action Center1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 540Washington, DC 20009202-986-2200 www.frac.orgHabitat for Humanity121 Habitat StreetAmericus, GA 31709912-924-6935 www.habitat.orgHealthcare for the Homeless, Inc.111 Park AvenueBaltimore, MD 21201410-837-5533 www.hchmd.orgHeifer Project International216 Wachusett St.Rutland, MA 01543800-422-0474 www.heifer.orgHillel: Foundation for Jewish Campus Life1640 Rhode Island Ave., NWWashington, D.C. 20036202-857-6543 www.hillel.orgHousing America/JusticeCorps126 Hyde St., 2nd FloorSan Francisco, CA 94102415-771-9850 www.housingamerica.netInternational Development Exchange827 Valencia Street, #101San Francisco, CA 94110-1736415-824-8384 www.idex.orgJubilee USA222 E. Capitol St., NEWashington, D.C. 20003202-783-3566 www.j2000usa.orgJustAct333 Valencia Street, Suite 330San Francisco, CA 94103415-431-4204 www.justact.orgKensington Welfare Rights UnionP.O. Box 50678Philadelphia, PA 19134215-203-1945 www.kwru.orgNational Alliance to End Homelessness1518 K Street NW, Suite 206Washington, D.C. 20005202-638-1526 www.endhomelessness.orgNational Coalition for the Homeless1012 14th St. NW Suite 600Washington, DC 20005-3406202-775-1322 www.nationalhomeless.orgNational Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty1411 K St., #1400, NWWashington, D.C. 20005202-638-2535 www.nlchp.orgNational Low-Income Housing Coalition1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 610Washington, DC 20005202-662-1530 www.nlihc.org
National Student Campaign Against Hunger andHomelessness233 N. Pleasant St.Amherst, MA 01002800-664-8647 www.studentsagainsthunger.orgNETWORK801 Pennsylvania Ave., SE #460Washington, DC 20003202-547-5556 www.networklobby.orgOxfam America26 West StreetBoston, MA 02111800-77-OXFAM www.oxfamamerica.orgPeace Corps10 Causeway Street, Room 450Boston, MA 02222617-565-5555 www.peacecorps.govPopulation Connection1400 16th Street, NW #320Washington, DC 20036800-767-1956 www.populationconnection.orgPresbyterian Hunger Program100 Witherspoon StreetLouisville, KY 40202-1396888-728-7228 www.pcusa.org/hungerResource Generation24 Thorndike St., 2nd FloorNorth Cambridge, MA 02141617-225-3939 www.resourcegeneration.orgRESULTS440 1st St., Suite 450, NWWashington, D.C. 20001202-783-7100 www.resultsusa.orgThe Student PIRGs29 Temple PlaceBoston, MA 02111617-292-4800 www.studentpirgs.orgShare Our Strength733 15th St NW, Suite 640Washington, D.C. 20005800-969-4767 www.shareourstrength.orgTeach for America315 West 36th StreetNew York, NY 10018800-832-1230 www.teachforamerica.orgUnitarian Universalist Association of Congregations1320 18th Street NW, Suite 300BWashington, DC 20036202-296-4672 www.uua.orgWorld Food Day2175 K Street NWWashington, D.C. 20437202-653-2404 www.worldfooddayusa.orgWorld Hunger Year505 8th AvenueNew York, NY 10016212-629-8850 www.worldhungeryear.org
38
Hunger and Homelessness WeekFollow-up and EvaluationThis information will help us to publicize the number of students involved on a national level, as well as give usinformation about how we can better assist you in future years. We will also highlight creative ideas and successfulevents in our next national newsletter.NameAddressCity State ZipPhone: Office HomeName of OrganizationAdvisor's Name and PhoneYour SchoolPlease list the events that you participated in, and include number of participants, cosponsors, money raised, speakers,food or clothing collected, and media coverage. Please send along articles, photos and endorsements.Event:Specifics:
Event:Specifics:
Event:Specifics:
Event:Specifics:
Event:Specifics:
39
What were the strengths of your H & H Week?
What were the biggest obstacles or challenges?
What suggested changes do you have to the Action Guide?
Other comments:
Please attach newspaper articles, photos, other materials.
Complete and return this form to:National Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness
233 N. Pleasant St. Amherst, MA 01002Phone: 413-253-6417 Fax: 413-256-6435
email: [email protected] web: www.studentsagainsthunger.orgThank you.
40
Needs Assessment SurveyPlease respond to this survey as accurately and as specifically as possible. The results will help us determine thefocus of our activities so that the most pressing needs of the hungry and homeless in our community may be met.
Organization:_____________________________________________________Address:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Telephone:_______________________________Name and Position:________________________________________________Date Completed:__________________________
1. During what hours are your services available?
2. Who is eligible for your services? (ages, sex, residence, income requirements)
3. For each of the following services, please indicate whether your clients need the service, whether you provide orarrange for the service, and (if you do not) whether you consider it a major unmet need.
Needed Provide/Arrange Major Unmet NeedMeals _______ _____________ ________________Clothing _______ _____________ ________________Housing Referral _______ _____________ ________________Educational Services _______ _____________ ________________Job Training _______ _____________ ________________Psychiatric Services _______ _____________ ________________Medical Services _______ _____________ ________________Child Care _______ _____________ ________________Counseling Services _______ _____________ ________________Information on CashAssistance _______ _____________ ________________Advocacy/Translation _______ _____________ ________________General Info andReferral _______ _____________ ________________Other (Describe:_____) _______ _____________ ________________
41
4. How many requests are you unable to meet? (List reasons)Workload/facility at capacity___________________Agency does not provide requested service__________Ineligible for services___________________________Other_______________________________________
5. To what agency or group do you refer clients who need:Shelter______________________________________Food________________________________________Financial Assistance (rent, utilities)_________________Clothing_____________________________________Transportation assistance________________________Other_______________________________________
6. Have you noticed an increase in the number of clients you have had within the past year? If so, how large of an increase has it been?_________________________________________________7. If you answered yes to question 6, how did the increased number of clients affect the operation of your agency?
Less services (ex: food, beds) available to clients_______Sought more funding to deal with increased number of clients______Requested/bought more equipment or food for clients_______Had to turn away clients requesting food______Had to turn away clients requesting shelter_______Reduced hours of operation_______Ran out of funding, vouchers, tokens_______
6. What do you think are the greatest needs of this needy population?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Do you think expansion of your services could meet some of these needs? (probe method and feasibility) If not, what additional means do you think should be used to fill unmet needs in the community? (consider public and private resources)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
42
(optional) Client Needs SurveyAge:_______ Male/Female1. Is this your first time ever to come to this organization for help?_________2. What kind of services do you rely on this organization for?___________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________3. What other service(s) could this organization provide that would meet your needs more fully?_______ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________4. Are you receiving food/shelter/service from this organization for your family?_____ If yes, how many family members?_________________5. Do you have access to:
working oven________ refrigerator_________working stove________
