AboutGHG Balance of Pellet productionAbout this Excel fileThis Excel file has been created to perform life cycle GHG calculations of wood-based pellets according to the quality label Enplus.It was produced by Bioenergy 2020+ GmbH in cooperation with ofi Technologie & Innovation GmbH under the commission of propellets Austria.Version 1 applies until version 2 is released. Version 2 will rely on the GHG calculation tool of the BioGrace II project that aims at harmonising GHG calculation rules for heat and electricity from biomass through the European Union.MethodologyFunctinal unit is gCO2-eq/MJ pellets.The scope is from the place of raw material production to the gate of the pellets plant.- transportfrom field to pellets plant or from sawmill to pellets plant- pelletingEmissions from electricity and heat consumption ofchoping, drying, conditioning, pelleting, cooling;as well as emissions from the production ofadditives for pelleting- packagingEmissions from the production of packaging materialEmissions from the production of machinery and of operating material are not considered.SourcesEmission factors and default values for overseas transportation distances are taken from, in order of preference- COM(2010)11European Commission (2010): Report on sustainability requirements for the use of solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity, heating and coolin, COM(2010)11http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/doc/2010_report/com_2010_0011_3_report.pdf- SEC(2010)65Joint Research Center of the European Commission (2010): Impact assessment accompanying the report on biomass sustainability (SEC(2010)65)http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/doc/2010_report/sec_2010_0065_1_impact_assesment_en.pdf- WTT App. 1JEC (2011): Well-to-wheels Analysis of Future Automotive Fuels and Powertrains in the European Context WTT APPENDIX 1 Description of individual processes and detailed input data http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/about-jec/sites/iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu.about-jec/files/documents/wtw3_wtt_appendix1_eurformat.pdf- BioGrace (a)BioGrace list of standard valueshttp://www.biograce.net/content/ghgcalculationtools/standardvalues- BioGrace (b)BioGrace list of additional standard valueshttp://www.biograce.net/content/ghgcalculationtools/additionalstandardvalues- OiB Richtlinie 6Austrian Institute of Construction Engineering (OiB) (2011): Energieeinsparung und Wrmeschutzhttp://www.oib.or.at/RL6_061011.pdf- EcoinventEcoinvent v2- GEMIS v.4.7Globales Emissions-Modell Integrierter Systeme (GEMIS) Version 4.7http://www.gemis.de/de/index.htm

Calculator

GHG Balance of Pellet production

Template to calculate the GHG emissions of a pellet production plant and emission factors to be used

Please fill in yellow fields !

Total annual productionPellets[t/a]Energy content (LHV)[MJ/kg]

Transport / biomass supply[t/a]average transport distance [km][gCO2-eq]Emission factors transportationgCO2-eq/t.kmSourceRaw material produced at the site of the pellet plant as byproduct40 t truck for dry product (Diesel)81.95WTT App. 1Raw material transported from other site12 t truck for dry product (Diesel)176.18WTT App. 140 t truck (Diesel)0Coastal/river shipping wood chips37.76WTT App. 112 t truck (Diesel)0Ocean going bulk carrier17.77WTT App. 1Coastal/river shipping wood chips0Rail transport (European electricity mix)24GEMIS v.4.7Ocean going bulk carrier0Default overseas distancesRail transport (European electricity mix)0Source: SEC(2010)65Total CO2 from biomass supply0For raw materials coming from tropical countries (Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand), transportation to the processing site is assumed to be by truck, 50 km,and transport to the export terminal, 700km, while transport to the EU vary for Brazil by ship, 10186 km, and for Indonesia by ship, 13000 km, and for Thailand by ship 12500 km.

Pellets prodcution - electricity consumptionEmissions factors electricity (non-EU, Austrialia, New Zealand, North America)Total electricity consumption per year[kWh]0[MJ]to be used only if bill does not state emissionsCO2 emissions as stated in bill
Karlsson: Statement of emissions is obligatory in the EU (Directive 2003/54/EG); in countries where emissions are not stated in the bill please check emissions facotors in the right hand table.[gCO2/kWh]0.00[gCO2/MJ]Regionnon-EUAustralia/OceaniaNorth AmericaTotal annual GHG emissions from electricity consumption0[gCO2]CountryAlbaniaBosnia and HerzegovinaCroatiaFYR MacedoniaSerbia (incl. Montenegro and Kosovo)SwitzerlandNorwayIcelandBelarusMoldovaRussiaUkraineAustraliaNew ZealandCanadaUSA[gCO2-eq/MJ]
weindorf: weindorf:supply and use (combustion)7.84225.20169.40293.13248.392.661.290.30206.77206.09164.68149.01312.5875.7875.08207.06SourceBioGrace (b)

Pellets production - energy consumed for heat [MJ][gCO2-eq]Emission factorsDensity [kg/m3]LHV [MJ/kg][gCO2/MJ][gCO2-eq/MJ]SourceWoody Biomass from residues (wood, bark, ..) [t]00Woody Biomass from residues (wood, bark, ..)1811WTT App. 1 / BioGraceHFO [1000l]00HFO97040.584.9884.98BioGrace (a)NG [kWh]00NG (EU mix quality)62.9667.59BioGrace (a)Diesel [l]00Diesel83243.187.6487.64BioGrace (a)Hard coal [t]00Hard coal26.5102.38111.28BioGrace (a)Lignite [t]00Lignite9.2116.76116.98BioGrace (a)district heat (renewables) [kWh]00District heating (renewables)14.17OiB Richtlinie 6district heat (fossil) [kWh]00District heating (fossil)80.83OiB Richtlinie 6Total annual emissions for heat0

Pellets production - additives[t/a][gCO2-eq]Emission factors additives[gCO2-qu/kg]SourceCorn0Corn1200EcoinventGrains0Grains925EcoinventVegetable oil0Vegetable oil1870EcoinventTotal annual emissions for additives0

Packaged deliverybagged pellets [t/a][gCO2-eq]Emission factors packaging[gCO2-qu/tpellets]Source10-kg-bag010-kg-bag9044Ecoinvent15-kg-bag015-kg-bag7980EcoinventTotal emissions packaging0

ResultsTotal emissions0[gCO2-eq]Total emissions without packaging0[gCO2-eq]Total emissions per MJ bulk pelletsERROR:#DIV/0![gCO2-eq/MJ]Total emissions per kg bulk pelletsERROR:#DIV/0![gCO2-eq/kg]Total emissions per MJ packed pellets ERROR:#DIV/0![gCO2-eq/MJ]Total emissions per kg packed pelletsERROR:#DIV/0![gCO2-eq/kg]

CO2 emission reduction based on real valuesGHG reduction with bulk pelletsGHG reduction with baged pelletsReference energy carrierHFOERROR:#DIV/0!ERROR:#DIV/0!NG (EU mix quality)ERROR:#DIV/0!ERROR:#DIV/0!DieselERROR:#DIV/0!ERROR:#DIV/0!Hard coalERROR:#DIV/0!ERROR:#DIV/0!LigniteERROR:#DIV/0!ERROR:#DIV/0!Disctrict heat (non-renewable)ERROR:#DIV/0!ERROR:#DIV/0!

example

GHG Balance of Pellet production

Template to calculate the GHG emissions of a pellet production plant and emission factors to be used

Please fill in yellow fields !

Total annual productionPellets10,000[t/a]Energy content (LHV)19[MJ/kg]

Transport / biomass supply[t/a]average transport distance [km][gCO2-eq]Emission factors transportationgCO2-eq/t.kmSourceRaw material produced at the site of the pellet plant as byproduct5,00040 t truck for dry product (Diesel)81.95WTT App. 1Raw material transported from other site12 t truck for dry product (Diesel)176.18WTT App. 140 t truck (Diesel)5,000750307,312,500Coastal/river shipping wood chips37.76WTT App. 112 t truck (Diesel)0Ocean going bulk carrier17.77WTT App. 1Coastal/river shipping wood chips0Rail transport (European electricity mix)24GEMIS v.4.7Ocean going bulk carrier5,00010,186905,026,100Default overseas distancesRail transport (European electricity mix)0Source: SEC(2010)65Total CO2 from biomass supply1,212,338,600For raw materials coming from tropical countries (Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand), transportation to the processing site is assumed to be by truck, 50 km,and transport to the export terminal, 700km, while transport to the EU vary for Brazil by ship, 10186 km, and for Indonesia by ship, 13000 km, and for Thailand by ship 12500 km.

Pellets prodcution - electricity consumptionEmissions factors electricity (non-EU, Austrialia, New Zealand, North America)Total electricity consumption per year168,480[kWh]606,528[MJ]to be used only if bill does not state emissionsCO2 emissions as stated in bill
Karlsson: Statement of emissions is obligatory in the EU (Directive 2003/54/EG); in countries where emissions are not stated in the bill please check emissions facotors in the right hand table.156.00[gCO2/kWh]43.33[gCO2/MJ]Regionnon-EUAustralia/OceaniaNorth AmericaTotal annual GHG emissions from electricity consumption26,282,880[gCO2]CountryAlbaniaBosnia and HerzegovinaCroatiaFYR MacedoniaSerbia (incl. Montenegro and Kosovo)SwitzerlandNorwayIcelandBelarusMoldovaRussiaUkraineAustraliaNew ZealandCanadaUSA[gCO2-eq/MJ]
weindorf: weindorf:supply and use (combustion)7.84225.20169.40293.13248.392.661.290.30206.77206.09164.68149.01312.5875.7875.08207.06SourceBioGrace (b)

Pellets production - energy consumed for heat [MJ][gCO2-eq]Emission factorsDensity [kg/m3]LHV [MJ/kg][gCO2/MJ][gCO2-eq/MJ]SourceWoody Biomass from residues (wood, bark, ..) [t]00Woody Biomass from residues (wood, bark, ..)1811WTT App. 1 / BioGraceHFO [1000l]00HFO97040.584.9884.98BioGrace (a)NG [kWh]885,6003,188,160215,487,734NG (EU mix quality)62.9667.59BioGrace (a)Diesel [l]00Diesel83243.187.6487.64BioGrace (a)Hard coal [t]00Hard coal26.5102.38111.28BioGrace (a)Lignite [t]00Lignite9.2116.76116.98BioGrace (a)district heat (renewables) [kWh]00District heating (renewables)14.17OiB Richtlinie 6district heat (fossil) [kWh]00District heating (fossil)80.83OiB Richtlinie 6Total annual emissions for heat215,487,734

Pellets production - additives[t/a][gCO2-eq]Emission factors additives[gCO2-qu/kg]SourceCorn150180,000,000Corn1200EcoinventGrains0Grains925EcoinventVegetable oil0Vegetable oil1870EcoinventTotal annual emissions for additives180,000,000

Packaged deliverybagged pellets [t/a][gCO2-eq]Emission factors packaging[gCO2-qu/tpellets]Source10-kg-bag2,00018,088,00010-kg-bag9044Ecoinvent15-kg-bag015-kg-bag7980EcoinventTotal emissions packaging18088000

ResultsTotal emissions1,652,197,214[gCO2-eq]Total emissions without packaging1,634,109,214[gCO2-eq]Total emissions per MJ bulk pellets8.60[gCO2-eq/MJ]Total emissions per kg bulk pellets165.22[gCO2-eq/kg]Total emissions per MJ packed pellets 9.08[gCO2-eq/MJ]Total emissions per kg packed pellets172.45[gCO2-eq/kg]

CO2 emission reduction based on real valuesGHG reduction with bulk pelletsGHG reduction with baged pelletsReference energy carrierHFO90%89%NG (EU mix quality)87%87%Diesel90%90%Hard coal92%92%Lignite93%92%Disctrict heat (non-renewable)89%89%