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Chapter 3Chapter 3Mechanical TestingMechanical Testing

Mechanical Testing • Dynamic Mechanical Tests • Static Mechanical

Tests • Hardness Testing

Mechanical Testing • Dynamic Mechanical Tests • Static Mechanical

Tests • Hardness Testing

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

A mechanical force or load may be applied using five different methods.

A mechanical force or load may be applied using five different methods.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

Longitudinal and ransverse test specimens taken from cold-rolled plate material exhibit different mechanical properties.

Longitudinal and ransverse test specimens taken from cold-rolled plate material exhibit different mechanical properties.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

There are four classifications of cyclic stresses in atigue. A cycle is each complete application of the stress.

There are four classifications of cyclic stresses in atigue. A cycle is each complete application of the stress.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The magnitude of the atigue limit depends on he stress repetition pattern, which is plotted on an S-N curve.

The magnitude of the atigue limit depends on he stress repetition pattern, which is plotted on an S-N curve.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

Metal tested at a low strain rate is ductile compared with the same metal tested at a high strain rate.

Metal tested at a low strain rate is ductile compared with the same metal tested at a high strain rate.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

A universal pendulum mpact tester can perform both the Charpy and Izod mpact tests.

A universal pendulum mpact tester can perform both the Charpy and Izod mpact tests.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The V-notch is the most common Charpy and zod impact test specimen.

The V-notch is the most common Charpy and zod impact test specimen.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The swing of the pendulum after it strikes he test specimen ndicates the energy absorbed on impact.

The swing of the pendulum after it strikes he test specimen ndicates the energy absorbed on impact.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The main differences between he Charpy and Izod impact tests are the position of the notch and he method of support of the test specimen.

The main differences between he Charpy and Izod impact tests are the position of the notch and he method of support of the test specimen.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The sharper the inflection of the curve, the easier he estimation of the NDT emperature.

The sharper the inflection of the curve, the easier he estimation of the NDT emperature.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The drop weight test is more eliable than the Charpy when

determining ductility.

The drop weight test is more eliable than the Charpy when

determining ductility.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

A universal testing machine can be mechanical or hydraulic.A universal testing machine can be mechanical or hydraulic.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

A fillet is used on the ensile test specimen to minimize stress concentrations, and the gauge marks are always an equal distance from he center of the length of the reduced section.

A fillet is used on the ensile test specimen to minimize stress concentrations, and the gauge marks are always an equal distance from he center of the length of the reduced section.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

A variety of tensile test specimen ends are used o ensure secure and uniform gripping by the est machine.

A variety of tensile test specimen ends are used o ensure secure and uniform gripping by the est machine.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

An extensometer measures the extension of elongation of the ensile test specimen.

An extensometer measures the extension of elongation of the ensile test specimen.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The load-extension curve shows load and extension mits for metals.

The load-extension curve shows load and extension mits for metals.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

ncreased gauge length and reduced diameter at he narrowest point are measured and used to calculate the percent elongation and percent eduction in area.

ncreased gauge length and reduced diameter at he narrowest point are measured and used to calculate the percent elongation and percent eduction in area.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The yield strength, or 0.2% offset, is calculated by measuring the stress that causes a specific permanent strain (usually 0.2%).

The yield strength, or 0.2% offset, is calculated by measuring the stress that causes a specific permanent strain (usually 0.2%).

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

Percent elongation is calculated rom the gauge length.Percent elongation is calculated rom the gauge length.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The guided bend test is an inexpensive and rapid method to check the quality of a weld.

The guided bend test is an inexpensive and rapid method to check the quality of a weld.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

Cupping tests provide an indication of the ormability of sheet metal.

Cupping tests provide an indication of the ormability of sheet metal.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

A torsion testing machine is used for determining a metal’s esistance to shear.

A torsion testing machine is used for determining a metal’s esistance to shear.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

A tropometer is used to measure the degree of wist during a torsion test.

A tropometer is used to measure the degree of wist during a torsion test.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The scleroscope hardness tester uses the height of rebound of a diamond-tipped hammer rom the test specimen surface to determine hardness.

The scleroscope hardness tester uses the height of rebound of a diamond-tipped hammer rom the test specimen surface to determine hardness.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The Equotip metal hardness tester can be used in five positions.

The Equotip metal hardness tester can be used in five positions.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The Brinell hardness ester applies a load for a specific period of time and causes an ndentation that is used o calculate hardness.

The Brinell hardness ester applies a load for a specific period of time and causes an ndentation that is used o calculate hardness.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

Soft or hard metals require careful measurement of heir indentations in the Brinell test.

Soft or hard metals require careful measurement of heir indentations in the Brinell test.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The Rockwell test uses two loads, a minor and a major, that are applied sequentially to determine hardness.

The Rockwell test uses two loads, a minor and a major, that are applied sequentially to determine hardness.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The Rockwell designation system consists of the hardness number followed by HR, which is followed by the etter indicating the specific Rockwell scale.

The Rockwell designation system consists of the hardness number followed by HR, which is followed by the etter indicating the specific Rockwell scale.

Chapter 3 — Mechanical TestingChapter 3 — Mechanical Testing

The microhardness measured by a microhardness tester is always higher than the bulk surface hardness.

The microhardness measured by a microhardness tester is always higher than the bulk surface hardness.