3 Konsep Design

7/28/2019 3 Konsep Design

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Fasa



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Development and Validation of

Conceptual Designs



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Perancangan Konsep Produk

Daftar persyaratan( Spesifikasi Produk )

Requirement List

Mengembangkan solusi utama

Mengidentifikasi masalah-masalah pentingMenentukan struktur fungsi produkMencari prinsip-prinsip kerja produk subfungsiMencari dan memilih kombinasi prinsip-prinsip kerjaMembentuk beberapa alternatif produk ( varian )

Evaluasi terhadap kriteria teknis & ekonomis

Konsep Produk

( solusi )



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Problem of Design Methodology

Renault Modus Mercedes C-Klasse

Porsche 911



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Purpose of the function structure

Purpose of the function structure:

• Breaking down of a complex problem intoproblems that seem managable

• Representation of logical interrelationships

The function structure is solution neutral!



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Menyusun struktur fungsi

Struktur fungsi disusun dengan memecah dari

keseluruhan fungsi (fungsi utama) menjadi

subfungsi



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Establishing a Function Structure: Main Flow



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machine, apparatus, device



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General Function

energy‘energy

material material‘

signal signal‘

Input Output

Conversion of energy, material and signals.Solution still unknown. Task or function

can be described via the input and output.



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Establishinga FunctionStructure: Symbols



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System: Examples



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Function Synthesis

• Function synthesis : To obtain clear tasks, the purpose (overall

function) is broken down into sub-functions.

These sub-functions can be reduced toelementary functions.

For realization of the overall function the sub-

functions are linked via relations. The result is the function structure.







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Generally Valid Functions

acc. to Pahl/Beitz



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Establishing a Function Structure

1. Word the purpose

2. Identify the main flow

3. Establish the main function (correspondsto the description of the purpose)

4. Subdivide the overall function into

few/significant subfunctions5. Identify possible auxiliary functions

6. Identify possible subsidiary flows



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Function: Sorting of Lids





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Establishing the Function Structure



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Establishing the Function Structure



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Establishing a Function Structure

Statements

• Often, the first function structure for an overall function can bedeveloped by „a close look“.

• The more complex a task is, the more it should be brokendown, if necessary, down to the elementary function.

• The subfunctions have to be described as detailed aspossible, but always solution-neutral:

„dry sand“, „heat water“.

• By varying the arrangement of subfunctions new functionstructures are generated.

• Fromone task can often be described by more than onefunction structure.



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Development and Validation of Conceptual

Designs



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Function, Physical Effect,

Principle Solution



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Development and Validation of Conceptual

Designs



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General Methods for Finding Solutions



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Finding Partial Solutions



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Size of Technical System



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Plant : Example

Refinery

People-

Mover

System www.ikt.rwth_aachen.de



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Assemblies and Components

Source: MZ-B Vertriebs GmbH Source: www.motorradtechnikbarnim.de



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Finding Solutions

How can I finda solution?



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Necessary Abilities for Problem Solving

Ability of comprehension and

understanding as well as judging.=> ANALYTICA

ANALYTICALCreative force,

which generates new or yetunknown interrelationships.=> INTUITIVE

Problem solving requires a minimumof intelligence and creativity.



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Decision Behavior

In addition to a well structured expertknowledge, an orderly approach and atargetoriented creativity one‘s decisionbehavior is important:

•Recognition of dependencies•Assessing importance and priority

•Steadiness and flexibility•Coping with failures



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General Methods for Finding Solutions



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Discursive methods: The Safe Way



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Discursive Methods:

Physical Interrelationships

Solution finding Method

According to Koller

The mosteffective form of searching for

solutions for technical tasks is taking a

look at the physical interrelationships.



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Physical Effect



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Catalogues of Physical Effects

Catalogues of physical effects enable

the engineer to work even without a

deep knowledge of physics



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Increase/Decrease Energy Components



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Elementary Functions: Energy



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Elementary Functions: Material



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El. Functions: Connecting Energy and

Material



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Elementary Functions: Signals



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Elementary Functions: Signals



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Example: Function Structure



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Effect Carrier: Store Energy

acc. to Pahl/Beitz



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Discursive Methods: Physical Interrelationships

The most effective form of searching for

solutions for technical tasks is taking a look atthe physical interrelationships.



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Physical Effect

• The realization of a function is based on theapplication of physical effects.

• The physical effect is described by physicallaws.

• It is possible that several physical effects are

needed for the realization of a function.• Different physical effects can be applied for the

realization of the same function.



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Catalogues of Physical Effects

Catalogues of physical effects enable the

engineer to work even without a deepknowledge of physics



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Effect Carriers for Physical Effects

The realization of the chosen physical

effects is accomplished by means of

effect carriers

S ff



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Basic Statements about Effect

Carriers

The effect carrier is the material used for theconversion of the physical effect into a

technical artefact.•Different effect carriers can be applied

with the same effects for realization of the

same task.



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Variation: phys. Effect; Effect Carrier



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Working Surfaces

In order to realize the physical effect, the effect

carrier must be provided with working surfaces.

The embodiment of the working surfaces of

the effect carrier enforces the physical effect.



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Solution Principle



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Definition: Solution Principle

The solution principle includes the indication of

the physical effect, the effect carrier and the

qualitative embodiment parameters of the

working location needed for the realization of

the function.

R b t C t



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Robust Concept

Strictly choose a robust concept:

• tolerant towards varying boundaryconditions

• tolerant towards varying production quality

• simple geometryof workingsurfaces(macro-and micro-geometry), asfew systemelements as possible

I fl th C t Ch i



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Influences on the Concept Choice

V i ti f W ki S f d



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Variation of Working Surfaces and

Working Motions



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Example: Variation of Position

acc. to Ehrlenspie

Example: Variation of Phys



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Example: Variation of Phys.

Effect/EffectCarrier



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Example: Variation of Position and Shape

S l ti P i i l



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Solution Principle





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Principle Solutions Join Materials

acc. to Koller



Example: Variation of Working Surface

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3 Konsep Design

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