3rd Secondary 7

7/29/2019 3rd Secondary 7

1/23

agreement investment

amazing journey

ancient keep out

attach to length

attack lift

attackers lines

attractive losebase machine

beam make plans

building massive

business modern

carve monuments

city centre mud brick

cliff northern china

combination on horses

common pieces

commuters position -

compare raise

complete rays

concrete reach

continue re-open cost ride

cut into save money

decide shape

deduce shine

deduction site

destroy solve problem

diameter sound like difficulties station

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drilling machine statues

emperor steep

enemies stone

engineer structure

engineering submergeenough for system

event temples

eventually the Great wall

fantastic the Middle East

feel proud tourism

flood tunnel

future under the Nile get to unthinkable

government weigh

hard weight

High Dam whether

illuminate withstand

imagine workers

improve

works

Commuter (n.)

The person who regularly travels between work and home.(commute )

Diameter

A straight line that goes from one side of a circle to the other

side and through the centre , or the length of this line

Engineering The work of an engineer, or the study of this work. (Engineer (v((.

Investment

The money that you put in a bank, business, etc in order to make aprofit, or the act of doing this.

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Base A hard surface on which other things can be built.

Carve Cut stone or wood into a particular shape.

Cliff High rock an area of high , steep rocks beside the sea.

Illuminate Make light shine on something.

Monument A large structure that is built to remind us of an important event or a

famous person.

position Put someone or something in a place.

Raise (v.) Move something to a higher position.

Prepositions & ExpressionsCarve into weighed over

30 tonneseach

30

Carve out of attached to work on - reach a length

of...

Over eightmeters.

8 wideenough for

proud of Ride on plans weremade to

Stopfrom

cut into Incommon

Nearly a tunnel with adiameter of

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Verb Noun AdjectiveEngineer Engineering

Commute CommuterMass Mass massive

Position Position Positioned

Invest Investor / investment -

Illuminate Illumination

Carve Carving

..

Carve into (v.) =carve out (v.)

The statue was carved out ofstone. They had carved their initials into the tree.

Raise (v.) Rise rose risen ( - Arise arose arisen (v.) arouse aroused aroused (v.)

If you know the answer, raise your hand. They are raising money for charity. The price of petrol is rising. The sun rises in the east. The problem arose from a lack of money. It is a subject that aroused a lot of interest.

mass (n.) --

massive (adj.)

The masses (n.)

Mess (n.)

One litre of water has a mass of one kilogram. He failed to win the support ofthe masses. He had to repay massive debts. Dont make a mess in the kitchen.

Base (n.) basis (n.)bases(pl.)

Basic (adj.)-

It is easy to fasten the monitor onto the base.

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There is no legal basis for his claims.

The basic problem is very simple.

Nearly = approximately = about = roughly (adv.)

Trains carry nearly two million people every day.

. (Much slightly a bit- a lot greatly a little...) This car is much cheaper than yours.

It is slightly more expensive than our new flat.

The first line opened in 1982 = the first line was opened in 1982.

Tourist: Excuse me, could you tell me the best way to go to the citycentre, please?Egyptian man: Yes, the quickest way from here is to take an underground train.Tourist: I didnt know Cairo had underground trains.

Egyptian man: Yes, its the only underground railway system in Africa orthe Middle East. I know this because I work on it as an engineer!Tourist: Is it new?Egyptian man: No, but its a lot newer than London or Paris System. Thefirst line opened in 1989. Its about 44 kilometres long and goes from theHelwan, in the south of Cairo, to New El Marg in the northeast.Tourist: Really? That really must have made travelling around Cairoeasier, especially for commuters.Egyptian man: It certainly has. Trains carry nearly two million peopleevery day.Tourist: Is it expensive?Egyptian man: No, not at all. Thats one of the best things about it.Journeys cost the same whether you travel between the stations or gofrom one end of the line to the other.Tourist: Thats fantastic! It must have saved people a lot of money andimproved the journeys to work.Egyptian man: It has.aTourist: So how many lines are there in the system?

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Egyptian man: There are two at the moment, but there are plans for sixlines. Line two goes from Shobra to El Monib. It goes under the Nile.Tourist: Really? Thats amazing! Tunnelling under the Nile cant havebeen easy.

Egyptian man: They used a massive drilling machine called Nefertiti. Itdug a tunnel with a diameter of over eight meters.Tourist: Is there a line to the airport?Egyptian man: No, not yet- thatll be line three. Theyve started work on italready.Tourist: the whole thing sounds like a massive engineering project. It canthave been cheap.Egyptian man: No, it wasnt, but were very proud ofit, and it'sconsidered to be one of the most modern underground systems in theworld. And, of course, its an investment in Egypts future as a centre fortourism and business.Tourist: when will it be finished?Egyptian man:All six lines might be open by 2022. pleasure.

Reading

Great engineering Egypt has many amazing works of engineering, both ancient andmodern. South of Aswan, for example, Abu Simbel is the site of two

temples which were carved into a cliff in about 1250 BCE. The largertemple was positioned so that at certain times of the year, the rays of therising sun would illuminate the statues of Ptah, Amun-Re, Ramses II andRy-Horakhty.In 1954, the government decided to buildAswan High Dam. This meant that the Nile

Valley would be flooded and that Abu Simbelitself would be under water. It was unthinkablethat Egypt should lose one of its most importantmonuments, so plans were made to rescue it.

The massive statues were cut into pieces which weighed over 30 tonneseach. These were raised over 60 metres up the cliff, where they wereattached to a concrete base. The work took thousands of workers morethan three years to complete. Today, the temples, which were re-opened

in 1968, are an amazing combination of ancient and modern engineering.

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Many years after the building of Abu Simbel, China had a different problemwhich was solved by another great engineering project. Many years ago,enemies were attacking the rich towns of northern China. The emperordecided to keep the attacks out, so work on the Great Wall of China began

in 220 BCE and continued for hundreds of years. Eventually, the wallreached a length of 6400 km. It is the longest structure ever built and wasall made without machines. Its five-meter width is wide enough for soldiersto ride along on horses to stop attackers from climbing over the wall.

1- Respond to each of the following situations :

1- Your friend seems happy. He took the exam result yesterday.2- Your teacher told you the Suez Canal took thousands of workers to dig it.3- Your friend tells you thatThe Trans-Siberian Railway is the longestrailroad in the world.4- Your friend asks you why the table mountain cable car was built.

2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language eachof the following two min-dialogues :

1-A: Excuse me. I need to find out about modern farming

in Egypt for a university project.B: All the information on agriculture is on the second floor.

A: Thank you. Can I take any of the books out?B: Yes. Just bring them to the desk near the entrance.

2A: Do you remember what happened?B: No, I just remember waking up in the road.

A: How do you fell now?B: Not too bad. Will I have to stay here tonight?

A: We are not sure yet. We will have to check you have no brokenbones.

3-Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :Listening Ex l

1) Could you tell me the best .. to go to the city centre, please?

a- way b- method c- route d- root2) The way from here is to take an underground train.

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a- long b- short c-expensive

d- quickest

3) Cairo Metro is the . underground railway system in Africaor the Middle East.

a- lonely B-alone c- only d- solo4) Its ..newer than London or Paris System.

a- more b- a lot c- less d- most5) The first line . in 1989. Its about 44 kilometreslong and goes from the Helwan to New El Marg.

a-wasopened

b- isopened

c- opened d-opens

6)

Cairo Metromust have made travelling around Cairo easierfor..a-commuters

b-commutes

c-communicators

d-compensators

7) Trains carry two million people every day.

a- exactly b- near c-accurately d- nearly8) .by metro cost the same whether you travel between

the stations or go from one end of the line to the other.a-Journey b- Journeys c-

Travellingd- Going

9) The metro must have people a lot of money andimproved the journeys to work.

a- rescued B saved c- provided d- supplied10) There are two lines in the metro system at the moment, but there are

.. for six lines.a- plans b- works c- hopes d- wishes11) . under the Nile cant have been easy.

a- Diving b- Sailing c-Swimming

d-Tunnelling

12) They used a massive drilling machine called Nefertiti. It dug atunnel with a .of over eight meters.

a-

monometer

b- diameter c- trimetric d- hemi

meter

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13) The whole thing sounds like a .engineering project. Itcant have been cheap.

a- mass b- masses c- misses d- massive14) Were very .the underground, and it's considered to be

one of the most modern underground systems in the world.a- pride of b- ashamedof

c- proud of d- shy of

15) The underground is an .. in Egypts future as a centrefor tourism and business.

a- investor b- investing c-investment

d-investments

S.B Exercise16) Egypt has many amazing ... of engineering, both ancient and modern.a- works b- work c-

establishments

d- sites

15) Abu Simbel is the site of two temples which were ..a cliff inabout 1250 BC.

a- built into b- made

into

c- carved

into

d- curved

16) The larger temple was so that at certain times of the year, therays of the rising sun would illuminate the statues .

a- put b-positioned

c- built d-constructed

17) The government decided to build Aswan High Dam. Thus, the NileValley would be .and that Abu Simbel itself would be under water.

a- flooded b- watered c- dried d- dug18) It was .that Egypt should lose one of its most importantmonuments, so plans were made to rescue it.

a- thinkable b-unthinkable

c-thoughtful

d-thoughtless

19) The massive statues were into pieces which .over 30 tonnes each.

a- weighed b- weighted c-weigh d-weightless

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20) These pieces were raised over 60 metres up the cliff, wherethey were ..to a concrete base.

a- cut d- tied c- attached d-connected

21) Today, the temples, which were .. in 1968, are anamazing combination of ancient and modern engineering.

a- opened b- re-opening

c- re-opened

d- opening

22) Enemies were. the rich towns of northern China.

a- attack b- attacking c-provoking

d- retaking

23) The emperor decided to ..the attacks out, so work on theGreat Wall of China began in 220 BC .

a-preserving

b-consecrating

c- Leap d- keep

24) Eventually, the wall reached a length of 6400 km. It is thelongest ..ever built and was all made without machines.

a- super

structure

b- structure c-

infrastructure

d- inner

structure

25) Its five-meter width is ..enough for soldiers to ride alongon horses to stop attackers from climbing over the wall.

a- wide b- long c- high d- deepW.B Exercise26) My father studied at university and has designed many important

bridgesa- engineer b-engineering

c- engine d-mechanism

27) Education is an / a ..in the future of a country and its young people

a- aim b- wish c- hope d-investment

28) Nearly four million ..travel to and from London every day.

a- travelers b- c- d-workers

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passengers commuters29) The Great Wall of china was a/an project which took hundreds of

years to complete.

a-

investment

b- mass c- massive d- masses

30) That tunnel has a of 7.6 metres.

a- size b- volume c- width d- diameter31) The verb of "engineering" is .

a- engine b-engineer c- eugenics d-engines

32) "Massive" is an adjective, but ..is the noun.

a- masses b-mass c-miss d- mess33) "Commuter" is a noun but is a verb.a-communicate

b-commute

c- commit d-commutate

34) "Investment" is a noun but is a verb.

a-investigate

b- invest c- insist d- persist

35) The quickest way to get to the city centre is to .anunderground train.

a- come b- have c- take d- ride36) A journey on the underground ..one pound.

a- costs b-pays c-worth d- takes up37) people can money by travelling on the underground.

a- keep b- rescue c- safe d-save

38) The first line of the Paris Metro system ..in 1900.a- started b- opened c- ended d- finished

39) .is a hard surface on which other things can be built.

a- basic b- bases c- base d- basis40) To ..is to cut stone or wood in a particular shape.

a- crave B carve c- curve d- carver41) To .is to make light shine on something.

a-roommate b- illumine c-illuminate d-terminate

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42) A large structure that is built to remind us of an important eventor a famous person is a ...

a- manumit Monument c- memorial d- memory43) The height of the .is 25 metres.

a- way b- tunnel c-cliff d- route44) The artist the structure from a massive piece of stone.

a- curved b- craved c- carved d- covered45) At night , bright lights always ..in front of the palace.

a- lighten b-Light c-illuminate

d-ammoniate

46) if you want to ask the teacher a question , you should ..your hand.

a- rise b- arise c- arouse d- raise47) The sphinx is .near the Pyramids of Giza.a- Put b-

positionedc- laid d- lie

48) The statue of the pharaoh is a famous ancient. .

a-memorial

b- souvenir c- memory d-monument

49) The statue is built on a hard .made of concrete.

a- basis b- basic c- base d- bases4-Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( based on vocabulary)1. The width of the tunnel is eight metres.2. The Great Wall of China is 6,400 Km wide.3. The top of the wall is 5 m long.4. The Cairo underground line is 44 km length.5. The Great Pyramid is about 150 metres height.6. this statue is built on a hard basis of concrete.5-Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( based on vocabulary)7. They used a massive drill machine called Nefertiti.8. Its the only grounded railway system in Africa or the Middle East..9. The emperor decided to keep the attacks away.10. The Great Wall of china is the longest structure never built .11. It was thinkable that Egypt should lose one of its most important monuments.

12. Trains carry near two million people every day.

6-Translate into Arabic:

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You can never live in isolation from others, so you have to be carefulwhen you choose a home for the future. You will certainly be lucky tohave good co-operative neighbours, but it is misery to live next door toneighbours from hell.

7-Translate into English:1-

.2. -

Grammar

100% .

Degree of certainty Present PastCertain /sure 100% Am/is/are Was / wereNear certain 90 % Must + infinitive

Cant + infinitive

Must have +p.p

Cant have +p.pUncertain 50%(not sure) May +infinitive May have + p.pVery uncertain 30% sure(dont think)

Might +infinitive Might have + p.p.

if conditional zero

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1- The Cairo Underground must have made travelling around Cairoeasier.=( it certainly made travelling around Cairo easier )2- It must have saved people a lot of money and improved the

journeys to work. = (I m certain /sure it saved people a lot of money

.)3- Tunnelling under the Nile cant have been easy. =I am sure itwasnt.4- He must be sick = I think he is sick.5- I am nearly certain he did his postgraduate studies= he must have done his postgraduate studies.6- She might have gone to the hairdressers.= it is possible that she went to the hairdressers.

1-a- Tunnelling under the Nile can't have been easy.=I am nearly sure it wasnt easy.

B-Tunnelling under the Nile wasnt easy.

=I am really sure it wasnt easy.

2-a- It must have been cheap. = I am nearly sure it was cheap.b- it cant have been cheap . = I am nearly sure it wasnt cheap.

3-a- Going by underground must have saved people money.=I am nearlycertain it saved people money

b- Going by underground might have saved people money.=I am very uncertain that going by underground saved people money.

Deduction in the present Deduction in the past

1- I think they must + infinitive.. 1- I think they must have +p.p2- Surely / I am sure they can't+Infin.. 2- Surely / I' m sure they can't

have +p.p.3- Well, they may + infinitive. 3- They may have + p.p ..4- Well, they might +infinitive 4- Well, they might have + p.p

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1- Respond to each of the following situations :1- Why is everyone putting their umbrellas up?2- Leila took her driving test yesterday .Now she is looking unhappy.3- My friend told me the homework was on page 41, but there isnt a page 41.

4- Karim thought he had shut the gate to the field, but now the goats are allin the road.

2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language eachof the following two min-dialogues :

1- A: Are you in your first year? B: yes, I am studying English,

but it is not only my third week.

A: My parents would like me to apply here.Would you recommend it?

B: yes, definitely

2- A: Could you tell us why you wouldlike to study here?

B: Your biology department hasa very good reputation.

A: And if we accept you,What do you hope to do when you graduate?

B: Well, I would like to work for a food company.

S.B3.-Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d

1.He's got a very good memory, he .

a- musthaveforgotten

b- canthaveforgotten

c- mighthaveforgotten

d- mayhaveforgotten

2.He is never usually late; he missed his train.

a- musthave

b-canthave

c-mighthave

d- mayhave

3. It is made of plastic, it ..cost a lot of money..

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a- must c- willb- cant have d- has to be4. I was out until midday, she .me this morning.

a- must

ring

b- can't

have rung

c- must

have rung

d- will have

rung5.The streets are covered in sand, there .a sandstorm lastnight.

a-must be b- cantbe

c- mighthave been

d-musthave been

6.There are braches all over the ground, it windyyesterday.

a- cant be b- might be c- must

be

d- must

have been7.Dina have been at school yesterday .the list of theabsent included her name.

a- must b-cant c- neednt d- mustnt8.We dont know when earthquakes happen .They.predicted.

a- were b- cantbe

c- havebeen

d- had been

9.His bad exam results ..have frustrated his poor parents.a- must b- should c- cant d- neednt10. They ..mad, the solution they gave is veryreasonable.

a- must be B cant be c- maybe

d- would be

11.She .foolish she says she believes in magic.

a- can't be b- may

be

c- must

have been

d- must

be12. This be his car. He is too poor to afford such an expensivevehicle

a- may b- can't c- must d- might13. The streets are wet , it rained while we were in

a- musthave

b- can'thave

c- neednthave

d- shouldhave

14. What you are saying.be true. I am sure it isnt.

a- may b- can't c- might d- must

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15. I cannot find my eyeglasses. I have left them at home.

a- must b- can't c- may d- mightW.B4-Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d

16. I dont know where my school bag is, mum.It isnt here. You .have left it on the train.

a- might b-can't c- would d- can't have

17.Look, Hamids keys are on the table.He have seen them when he left this morning.

a- must b- may c- can't d- should18. I rang you this morning, but you didnt answer.

Sorry , I have been asleep.a- would b- will c- can't d- must

19.He has only been in the laboratory for ten minutes.Surely, he .have finished his experiment already.

a- wouldnt b- must c- can't d- wont20.Ali fell off his bike this morning. Do you know if he ok?

His mother says he have broken his arm.

a- must b- can't c- should d- mustnt s21.Everyone is putting their umbrellas up , it ..startedraining.

a- can'thave

b- musthave

c-wouldhave

d- have

22. Leila took her driving test yesterday. Now she is lookingvery unhappy. She .failed.

a- can'thave

b- will have c- wouldhave

d- musthave

23.my friend told me the homework was on page 41, but thereisnt page 41.he .been mistaken.

a- can't b- musthave

c- may d- might

24.Karim thought he had shut the gate but the goats in theroad. He ..left it open.

a- can't b- should c- must d- musthave

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25.I think this structure was built about 200 years ago. It have been very difficult .Those pieces of metal look incrediblyheavy.

a- can't b- must c- might d- should26.Do you think they made the pieces nearby or brought themfrom somewhere else? They .have brought them veryfar.

a- must b- can't c- would d- shall27. They must have brought them by boat. No, they havebrought them by boat .The boat would have sunk.

a- mustnt b- can c- may not d- cant5-Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( Based onGrammar)

1) It is probable, he must have arrived late.2) He is a clever doctor, he must have been a badstudent .3) I am very uncertain, he must have been asleep.4) Many people like visiting Sharm EL sheikh. It maybe a wonderful place.5) He had to take a taxi; he cant have got up late.

6) Gold is many more expensive than silver.6-Correct the mistakes in these sentences: ( Based onGrammar)

7) The status were carved out of stone8) There is no water in the bottle. He might havedrunk it..9) A straight line that goes from one side of a circleto the other side is a parameter.10)You shouldnt park here. It is a "No parking area".11) He has got a villa and a car .He cant be rich.12) The first line was open in 1982.

6-Translate into Arabic:In 1954, the government decided to build Aswan High Dam. This

meant that the Nile Valley would be flooded and that Abu Simbel itself

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would be under water. It was unthinkable that Egypt should lose one of itsmost important monuments, so plans were made to rescue it.

7- Translate into English:

1- .2- .

Test on unit 7A- Language Functions1. Respond to each of the following situations :

1. A friend asks you why she was upset.2 Your friend seems happy. He had a test yesterday.3 A friend feels stomachache as he ate canned fish.

4 Your friend probably arrived last night.2- Mention the place , the speakers and the language eachof the following two min-dialogues :

1. A )May I have my hair cut?B : Yes, you are welcome.

A : I would like to cut it short.B : Ok . Sir.

2 - A : Can I help you madam?B : Two kilos of meat , please.

A : It is 135 pounds.

B- Vocabulary and structure3. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1 I am not sure what my son is doing. He -------be watching TV.

a must b may c might d can't

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2 It is moving by itself. It --------------- be a rock.


3 You -------------- my mobile . I didn't mind at all.

a may use b must use c can't have used d could have used

4 He is smiling , he ------be happy.a must b may c might d can't

5 I don't know the reason for his sadness. He ---------- some bad news.

a must have heard b may have heard

c could hear d can't have heard

6 The man ------------------- by the thief, I am sure.

a must have killed b must have been killed

c might have killed d may have killed

7 The criminal ----------- have escaped through that well-locked door.

a could b couldn't c must d may

8 That restaurant --------- be very good, it is always full of people.


9 I have lost one of my gloves, I must -------- it somewhere.

a drop b have dropped c dropping d drops

10 The first line of the Paris Metro system ----------- in 1900.

a opened b played c moved d painted11 - ----------- is a large structure that is built to remind us of an important

event or a famous person.

a cliff b base c monument d raise

12 To --------- means to make light shine on something.

a carve b raise c illuminate d cut

13 - to move or lift something to a higher position means .

a raise b cut c illuminate d buy14 To carve is to cut stone or wood into a particular ..

a shade b shadow c shallow d shape

15 The carved the sculpture from a massive piece of stone.

a artist b actor c director d player

16 The Wall --------------- a length of 6400 km.

a arrived b reached c got on d came

4. Correct the underlined mistakes in the followingsentences

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1. I am sure he might be an engineer.2 He must has had an accident3 He has a lot of money, he can't be rich.4- We are proud to being Egyptians.

5 Abu Simbel is the sight of two temples.6- The temple was curved into a cliff.C- Reading

5. Read the following passage then answer the questions

The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad in Russian is anetwork ofrailways connecting Moscow and European Russia with the

Russian Far East provinces, Mongolia, China and the Sea of Japan. It is

the longest railway in the world. Today, the railway is part of the EurasianLand Bridge. The plans and funding for construction of the Trans-Siberian

Railway to connect the capital, Moscow, with the Pacific Ocean port ofVladivostok were approved by CzarAlexander II in St. Petersburg.After

the revolution of 1917, the railway served as the vital line ofcommunication for the Czechoslovak Legion and the Allied armies that

landed troops at Vladivostok during the Siberian Intervention of theRussian Civil War. Full-time construction on the Trans-Siberian Railway

began in 1891 and was put into execution and overseen by Sergei Witte,who was then Finance Minister.The Trans-Siberian Railway gave a

positive boost to Siberian agriculture, facilitating substantial exports tocentral Russia and Europe. It influenced the territories it connected

directly, as well as those connected to it by river transport.

a) Give short answers to the following questions:1 What is the agricultural effect of The Trans-Siberian Railway?

2. Whom was the construction on Trans-Siberian Railway overseen by?3- What is the Trans-Siberian Railway?B. Choose the correct answer from a. b, c or d.4.The Trans-Siberian Railway connects ..a) Africa, Asia and Europe.b) Asia, Europe and Far East.c) Asia and Europe

d) Asia and Far East.

7. The word "territories" means .................a) times b)areas

162
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Far_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Land_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Land_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostokhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_(1917)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_Legionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Interventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Wittehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Far_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Land_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Land_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostokhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_(1917)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_Legionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Interventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Wittehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language


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6) Read the following passage, then answer thequestions:

The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting theMediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869, it allows water

transportation between Europe andAsia without navigating aroundAfrica. Thenorthern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city ofSuez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 km (1.9 mi) north of the half-way point.When first built, the canal was 164 km (102 mi) long and 8 m (26 ft) deep. Aftermultiple enlargements, the canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep,and 205 metres (673 ft) wide .It consists of the northern access channel of22 km/14 mi, the canal itself of 162.25 km/100.82 mi and of the southern accesschannel of 9 km/5.6 mi.It is single-lane with passing places in Ballah By-Pass and in the Great Bitter Lake. It

contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal. In general, the Canalnorth of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. The currentsouth of the lakes changes with the tide at Suez.The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) of theArabRepublic of Egypt. Under international treaty, it may be used "in time of war as intime of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag.The main alternative is travelling around Cape Agulhas at the south of the Africancontinent. This was the only route before the canal was constructed, andmorerecentlywhen the canal was closed. It is still the only route for ships which are toolarge for the canal. In the early twenty-first century the long route has enjoyedincreased popularity because of increasing piracy in Somalia and high canal tolls.[a) Give short answers to the following questions:1- What is the only alternative of the Suez Canal?2- What does SAC stand for??3- Is Egypt completely free to use the canal?b) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

4) The underlined word "it" refers to.

a- Egypt b- the Suez Canalc- The Suez Canal Authority d- International treaty

5) The Suez Canal is the route of the Cape Agulhas.a) shorter and safer than b) shorter thanc) safer than d) as safe and long asD- The Mask of Gold7. Answer the following questions :

.E - Writing163
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea-levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Saidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismailiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bitter_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal_Authorityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Agulhashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezmaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezmaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_in_Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Agulhashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea-levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_transportationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Saidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismailiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bitter_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal_Authorityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Agulhashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezmaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezmaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_in_Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Agulhas


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8. Write a paragraph about 100 words about

A famous engineering project9. a) Translate into Arabic :

The government has set up a number of new cities in the desert tosolve the problem of housing. Great efforts are also made to reclaim thedesert and turn it into green fields. Our deserts are rich in mineralswhich are necessary to industry.

b) Translate into English :

1. -2-.

Date post:	04-Apr-2018
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