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4a: Cell Structure and Function
Describe the functions of cell organelles
Identify organelles on a diagram
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells
Cells
Cells are the basic building block of life. It is the smallest unit at which life can exist.
Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes with many
specialized functions.
Nerve cells
Paramecium
Red blood cells
Leaf cells
All cells have:
Cell Membrane – separates cell from external environment, regulates flow of materials in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall (Plants only) – Rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane, provides support.
Cytoplasm – jelly like fluid that contains all organelles and important substances like water and sugar.
Genetic Material – instructions for the cell (usually DNA)
Organelles – Special structures that carry out specific roles in the cell
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Provide energy for the cell by
converting sugar (glucose) into
energy
Chemical reactions take place
on the folds of the inner surface
of the mitochondrion.
Chloroplast (Plants only)
Specialized pigments trap use
energy from the sun to change
carbon dioxide and water into
oxygen and sugar (glucose)
This process is called photosynthesis
Give plants their characteristic green
colour
Ribosomes
Small organelles with no membrane
May be floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
Used to make proteins
Ribosomes on the ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of membrane covered channels in a cell
Acts as a transport system for materials made in the cell
May have ribosomes attached at surface
Vesicles
Membrane covered sacs used for transport
May carry products made in the cell such as proteins or enzymes
Vacuoles
Larger membrane covered sac
Used for storage of water and other
materials in a cell
Plant cells usually have a large central
vacuole
Nucleus
Controls all of the cells activities
Contains DNA
Surrounded by the nuclear membrane which has nuclear pores to
allow certain molecules in and out
Nucleolus is the region of the nucleus where ribosomes are made
Inner Life of a Cell
http://www.xvivo.net/animation/the-inner-life-of-the-cell/