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4X4 Introduction Program

TLI C25 07B Drive four wheel drive vehicle

TLI B4 07C Carry out vehicle inspection

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By the end of this session, you will:

Have a basic understanding of how a 4 wheel

drive works

Have a basic understanding of how to drive a

4 wheel drive in various on and off road

situations

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By the end of this session, you will:

Demonstrate competence in:

Conducting vehicle checks

Defensive driving

Driving on-road

Driving off road

Stall procedure

Steep ascent and descent driving

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Introductions

Name

Department / Location

Hobbies

4X4 Experience

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4 X 4 Golden Rules

Questions to ask yourself before 4X4ing

Do I really need to go there?

Will the vehicle get me there?

Can I get the vehicle there?

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4X4 Bits

Rear Differential

Rear driveshaft

Transfer case

Gear box

Front driveshaft

Front differential

Free wheeling hub

Free wheeling hub

CV joint

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Is it really a 4 wheel drive?

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Is it really a 4 wheel drive?

With LSD in rear

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Is it really a 4 wheel drive?

With LSD in rear

& Diff Lock in front

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4x4 Basics

There are 4 transfer case positions:

High Range 2 wheel drive (2WD)

High Range 4 wheel drive (4WD - H)

Neutral

Low Range 4 wheel drive (4WD L)

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4x4 Basics

Transfer case operation:

Free wheeling hubs must be engaged for 4WD

You can change from 2WD to 4WD H whenmoving

Select 4WD L only when stationary

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4x4 Basics

The rear diff is in the centre of the vehicle

The front diff is in front of the driver

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Transmission Wind Up

The transfer case will power the front and rear drive shafts withsame rpm and is not able to satisfy the front axle's need formore rpm.

Remember, the combined rpm of front wheels (A+B) is higherthan the combined rpm of the rear wheels (C+D).

Only full time 4WD systems are able to negotiate the needs offront and rear

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Transmission Wind Up

How do you fix it:

Reverse the vehicle

Drive on a soft surface

Lift/jack one axle vehicle off the ground

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4 X 4 Golden Rules

Angles:

You should try to avoid:

exceeding 30o front and rear

exceeding 11o side

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Approach and Departure

Angles

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4 X 4 Golden Rules

Tyre Pressures:

Why deflate?

Larger footprint

Can help in some situations

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Tyre PressuresTYRE PRESSURE SUMMARYTYRE PRESSURE SUMMARY

SURFACE CONDITIONS RESSURE REDUCTION

Sealed surface 100%

Gravel/Corrugations 10 - 15%

Rocks 10 - 15%

Mud 25%

Sand 50 - 60%

Emergency tubed - tubeless0.35 bar. - 0.6 bar.

1 bar = 14.5 pound/square inch

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4 X 4 Golden Rules

Tyre Pressures:

To deflate your tyres;

for every 2 seconds you will loose 1p/si of air

(1 pound/square inch = 6.9 kilopascal)

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Stall Procedure

Sometimes when ascending (going up) ordescending (going down) an incline things will

not go right, so what should you do?

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Stall Procedure - Ascending

1. Do NOT touch the clutch

2. Footbrake on (to stall the engine) if engine

does not stall, turn key off.

3. Handbrake on

4. Key off

5. Ease in the clutch pedal (with foot still on

brake)

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Stall Procedure - Ascending

(cont):

6. Select downhill gear (1st or reverse)

7. Clutch pedal out quickly

8. If continuing uphill, handbrake/throttle start

9. If returning downhill, handbrake off, start

the engine on the key (with foot off brake

and off clutch)

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Stall Procedure - Descending

1. Key off

2. Footbrake on.

3. Handbrake on4. Ease in the clutch pedal (with foot still on

brake)

5. Select 1st gear

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Stall Procedure - Ascending

(cont):

6. Foot off clutch pedal

7. Ease off handbrake

8. Ease off footbrake (stationary oncompression)

9. Start the engine on the key (with foot off

brake and off clutch)

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Ten stupid things people do...

...to mess up their four wheel drive1. ignoring wheel cheat

(people know - friends are important -- tyres are good friends- treat them well)

2. using too much speed or power

(many times, faster than too slow is too fast)3. steering at standstill(power steering is a wonderful tool to break tie rods etc)

4. using the clutch the same way as on pavement(if you don't know what "starting in gear" means and you stilluse the clutch to regulate speed)

5. following one's gut feeling(most likely it'll be wrong - humans have no genetic imprintfor driving cars yet)

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Ten stupid things people do...

...to mess up their four wheel drive

6. straddling obstructions

(people should know - they would not take anything highbetween their legs either)

7. rushing through water

(humans want to rush away from danger and get in trouble inthe process)

8. keeping thumbs in steering wheel

(bruised or broken thumbs really hurt)

9. hanging head out of window

(makes you "feel" you are in control - but you'll misspotential danger on the other side)

10. using 4WD after getting stuck(now that is really stupid!)

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4 X 4 Golden Rules

If you cant seeIf you cant see dont go!dont go!

Walk it first if you cant see what isWalk it first if you cant see what is

aheadahead

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