660 HAZWOPER I - OSHAcademy

HAZWOPER I

This is the first in a ten-course series comprising the 40-hour HAZWOPER for General Site Workers certificate program per OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.120. This course focuses on the requirements for each of the three types of HAZWOPER operations: cleanup operations; treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facility operations; and emergency response operations.

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OSHAcademy Course 660 Study Guide

HAZWOPER I

Copyright © 2020 Geigle Safety Group, Inc.

No portion of this text may be reprinted for other than personal use. Any commercial use of

this document is strictly forbidden.

Contact OSHAcademy to arrange for use as a training document.

This study guide is designed to be reviewed off-line as a tool for preparation to successfully

complete OSHAcademy Course 660.

Read each module, answer the quiz questions, and submit the quiz questions online through

the course webpage. You can print the post-quiz response screen which will contain the correct

answers to the questions.

The final exam will consist of questions developed from the course content and module quizzes.

We hope you enjoy the course and if you have any questions, feel free to email or call:

OSHAcademy 15220 NW Greenbrier Parkway, Suite 230 Beaverton, Oregon 97006 www.oshatrain.org

[email protected]

+1 (888) 668-9079

Disclaimer

This document does not constitute legal advice. Consult with your own company counsel for advice on compliance with all applicable state and

federal regulations. Neither Geigle Safety Group, Inc., nor any of its employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees

make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information

contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this

publication. GEIGLE SAFETY GROUP, INC., DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Taking actions suggested in this document does not guarantee

that an employer, employee, operator or contractor will be in compliance with applicable regulations. Ultimately every company is responsible

for determining the applicability of the information in this document to its own operations. Each employer’s safety management system will be

different. Mapping safety and environmental management policies, procedures, or operations using this document does not guarantee

compliance regulatory requirements.

Revised: December 14, 2020

mailto:[email protected]

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Course 660

Contents

Modules and Learning Objectives .................................................................................................. 1

Module 1: Overview of HAZWOPER ........................................................................................... 1

Module 2: HAZWOPER for Cleanup Operations ......................................................................... 1

Module 3: HAZWOPER for TSD Facilities .................................................................................... 1

Module 4: HAZWOPER for Emergency Responders ................................................................... 2

Module 5: Brownfields and Clandestine Drug Labs ................................................................... 2

Course Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3

Module 1: Overview of HAZWOPER ............................................................................................... 4

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4

It’s the Law .................................................................................................................................. 5

Cradle to Grave ........................................................................................................................... 5

Quiz Instructions ......................................................................................................................... 5

What are Hazardous Substances? .............................................................................................. 6

Identifying Hazardous Waste ...................................................................................................... 7

What is a solid waste? ................................................................................................................ 8

Wastes Excluded from EPA Solid Waste Regulation ................................................................... 9

Hazardous Waste Sites................................................................................................................ 2

Hazardous Waste Generators ..................................................................................................... 2

Generator Categories .................................................................................................................. 2

Are you covered by HAZWOPER? ............................................................................................... 4

Cleanup operations ..................................................................................................................... 5

TSD Facilities ............................................................................................................................... 6

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Emergency Response Operations ............................................................................................... 6

Module 2: HAZWOPER for Cleanup Operations ............................................................................. 8

Site Evaluation ............................................................................................................................ 9

Site Control ................................................................................................................................. 9

Employee Training .................................................................................................................... 10

Medical Surveillance ................................................................................................................. 12

Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and PPE ....................................................................... 13

Air Monitoring ........................................................................................................................... 14

When and How to Monitor ................................................................................................... 14

Informing Employees and Contractors ..................................................................................... 15

Handling Hazardous Materials .................................................................................................. 15

Decontamination ...................................................................................................................... 16

Emergency Response ................................................................................................................ 16

Lighting for Employees.............................................................................................................. 17

Sanitary Facilities ...................................................................................................................... 18

New Technology Plan ................................................................................................................ 19

Module 3: HAZWOPER for TSD Facilities ...................................................................................... 20

Site Analysis at TSD Facilities .................................................................................................... 20

Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and PPE ....................................................................... 21

Hazard Communication Program at TSD Facilities ................................................................... 22

Medical Surveillance at TSD Facilities ....................................................................................... 22

Decontamination at TSD Facilities ............................................................................................ 23

Handling Hazardous Materials at TSD Facilities........................................................................ 24

Training at TSD Facilities ........................................................................................................... 25

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Emergency Response at TSD Facilities ...................................................................................... 26

Emergency Responder Training Requirements ........................................................................ 27

Emergency Responder Training at TSD Facilities ...................................................................... 27

Emergency Response Training for Chemical Facility Employees .............................................. 28

Module 4: HAZWOPER for Emergency Responders ..................................................................... 29

Incidental and Uncontrolled Releases ..................................................................................... 29

Emergency Response Plan (ERP) .............................................................................................. 30

Emergency Response Plan vs. Emergency Action Plan ........................................................... 30

Incident Command System (ICS) ............................................................................................... 32

Incident Commander ................................................................................................................ 33

Command Staff ......................................................................................................................... 33

General Staff ............................................................................................................................. 34

Medical Surveillance ................................................................................................................ 35

Personal Protective Equipment ............................................................................................... 36

Chemical-protective clothing ................................................................................................... 36

Post-emergency-response Operations .................................................................................... 37

Module 5: Brownfields and Clandestine Drug Labs ...................................................................... 39

Brownfields and HAZWOPER ................................................................................................... 39

Hazards found on Brownfields................................................................................................. 39

How does HAZWOPER apply to brownfields? ......................................................................... 40

Clandestine Drug Labs and HAZWOPER .................................................................................. 41

How does HAZWOPER apply to clandestine drug labs? ......................................................... 42

Coordination ............................................................................................................................. 42

Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... 44

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Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 46

Additional Resources .................................................................................................................... 50

Endnotes ....................................................................................................................................... 50

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Copyright © 2020 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. Page 1 of 51

Modules and Learning Objectives

Module 1: Overview of HAZWOPER

Learning objectives in this module include:

• Describe the purpose of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

• Give an example of EPA’s “Cradle to Grave” regulatory program.

• Define and give examples of hazardous substances, solid waste, and wastes excluded from EPA solid waste regulation.

• Discuss the 4-step hazardous waste identification process.

• Describe the three categories of hazardous waste generators

• List the three types of operations covered by HAZWOPER

Module 2: HAZWOPER for Cleanup Operations


• Discuss the purpose of site evaluation process for cleanup operations.

• Define “site control,” and discuss the methods to maintain site control on cleanup operations

• Discuss training requirements for workers of cleanup operations.

• Discuss medical surveillance requirements for workers performing cleanup operations.

• Describe and give examples of engineering controls, work practice controls and PPE used on hazardous waste sites.

• Describe the purpose of air monitoring and list the two type of sampling.

• Discuss the best practices for handling containers and hazardous substances during cleanup operations.

• Describe the decontamination process on cleanup operations.

• Describe the elements of the cleanup operations Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Module 3: HAZWOPER for TSD Facilities


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• Describe Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) site analysis process.

• Give examples of engineering controls, work practice controls, and PPE on TSD facilities.

• Describe the Hazard Communication Program requirements for TSD facilities.

• Describe the decontamination process at TSD facilities.

• Discuss methods for handling hazardous materials at TSD facilities, including controlling leaks and spills, material-handling equipment, and shipping and transporting containers.

• Describe employee and emergency response training requirements at TSD facilities.

• Describe the primary criteria to determine if the TSD employer uses an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) or an Emergency Response Plan (ERP).

Module 4: HAZWOPER for Emergency Responders


• Discuss the six “HAZMAT” activities for emergency responders.

• Contrast the difference between incidental releases and uncontrolled releases.

• Discuss the components of an Emergency Response Plan.

• Describe the Incident Command System (ICS) structure.

• Identify ICS command staff and general staff positions.

• Discuss the requirements for chemical-protective clothing for emergency responders.

• Describe post-emergency-response training requirements for on-site and off-site employees.

Module 5: Brownfields and Clandestine Drug Labs


• Define and describe the key characteristic of a “brownfield” site.

• Describe the hazards typically found on a brownfield site.

• Describe how HAZWOPER requirements apply to brownfields.

• Describe how HAZWOPER requirements apply to clandestine drug labs.

• Describe emergency response and post-emergency cleanup operations related to brownfield sites and clandestine drug labs.

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Course Introduction

This course is the first of a series of ten courses in the 40-Hour HAZWOPER program certificate

for General Site Workers per 29 CFR 1910.120 (e)(3)(i). The course focus is on the HAZWOPER

requirements for each of the three types of HAZWOPER operation: cleanup operations,

Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) facility operations, and emergency response operation.

It is important to understand the 40-Hour HAZWOPER is a two-phase process:

1. 40 hours of instruction, and

2. 3 days of practice in the field.

OSHAcademy distance learning fulfills the first phase of the process. The employer must

provide the 3-day hands-on practice component in the field.

NOTE: Students must take the 40-Hour HAZWOPER online for the full 40-hour duration of the

program. The study guide is provided as a learning tool but credit will not be given for time

spent reading the study guide offline.

https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9765

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Module 1: Overview of HAZWOPER

Introduction

Improper handling of hazardous materials or substances, whether during daily operations or at

the time of an accidental release into the environment, can lead to adverse health effects,

adverse effects on the environment, and even death of employees. To prevent hazardous

materials incidents (i.e., when a hazardous material is or may be released into the

environment), it is important for workers most likely to work with hazardous materials or

substances to learn proper management and handling techniques.

HAZWOPER refers to the OSHA HAZardous Waste OPERations and Emergency Response. The

process of regulating hazardous waste is complex — even defining it is challenging. HAZWOPER

protects employees who may be exposed to hazardous substances during cleanup work, at

hazardous waste facilities, or when they respond to emergencies.

HAZWOPER requires employers to follow specific work policies, practices, and procedures to

protect their employees. What the employees do — cleanup, disposal, or emergency response,

for example — determines the policies, practices, and procedures that employers must follow.

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It’s the Law

Hazardous waste that is improperly managed poses a serious threat to human health and the

environment. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), passed in 1976, was

established to set up a framework for the proper management of hazardous waste.

Cradle to Grave

RCRA set up a framework for the proper management of hazardous waste. EPA established a

comprehensive regulatory program to ensure that hazardous waste is managed safely from

"cradle to grave" meaning from the time it is created, while it is transported, treated, and

stored, and until it is disposed.

Hazardous Waste Generation. Under RCRA, hazardous waste generators are the first link in the

hazardous waste management system. All generators must determine if their waste is

hazardous and must oversee the fate of the waste.

Hazardous Waste Transportation. After generators produce hazardous waste, transporters

may move the waste to a facility that can recycle, treat, store or dispose of the waste.

Hazardous Waste Recycling, Treatment, Storage and Disposal. Treatment Storage and Disposal

Facilities (TSDFs) provide temporary storage and final treatment or disposal for hazardous

wastes. Since they manage large volumes of waste and conduct activities that may present

more risk, TSDFs are stringently regulated.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) developed hazardous waste

operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER) regulations and published them at 29 Code

of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 1910.120.

The regulations require that individuals in a workplace assigned to emergency response

operations for releases of, or substantial threats of release of, hazardous substances, without

regard to the location of the release, be properly trained in emergency response procedures.

Quiz Instructions

Read the material in each section to discover the correct answer to questions. Circle the correct

answers. When you’re finished with the course and all quiz questions, go online to take the

final exam. The exam is open book, so you can use the study guide while taking the exam.

https://www.epa.gov/rcra

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1. In which of the following operations part of EPA’s “Cradle-to-Grave” Hazardous Waste

Management Program?

a. Routine residential refuse removal operations

b. Treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) operations

c. Commercial cleanup operations

d. Operations involving removal and storage of chemicals for future use

What are Hazardous Substances?

EPA defines hazardous substances as:

“chemicals that, if released into the environment above a certain amount, must be

reported, and depending on the threat to the environment, Federal involvement in handling the

incident can be authorized.”

A list of the EPA hazardous substances is published in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part

302, Table 302.4.

OSHA defines hazardous substances in Title 29, CFR Part 1910.120, which covers emergency

response. The term hazardous substance as defined by OSHA is:

“any substance, which [through exposure] results or may result in adverse effects on the

health or safety of employees."

A hazardous substance is commonly called a “hazardous waste” in the HAZWOPER standard. A

hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a

harmful effect on human health or the environment.

Nearly everything we do leaves behind waste. Hazardous waste is generated from many

sources, ranging from industrial manufacturing process wastes to batteries and may come in

many forms, including liquids, solids gases, and sludges.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified over 500 types of hazardous waste

and regulates them under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

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2. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified over 500 types of hazardous

waste and regulates them under the_____.

a. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)

b. OSHAct of 1970

c. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

d. HAZWOPER Act

Identifying Hazardous Waste

EPA developed a regulatory definition and process that identifies specific substances known to

be hazardous and provides objective criteria for including other materials in the regulated

hazardous waste universe. This identification process can be very complex, so EPA encourages

generators of wastes to approach the issue using the series of questions described below:

1. For a material to be classified as a hazardous waste, it must first be a solid waste.

Therefore, the first step in the hazardous waste identification process is determining if a

material is a solid waste.

2. The second step in this process examines whether the waste is specifically excluded

from regulation as a solid or hazardous waste.

3. Once a generator determines that their waste meets the definition of a solid waste, they

investigate whether the waste is a listed or characteristic hazardous waste.

4. Finally, some facilities petition EPA to delist their wastes from RCRA Subtitle C

regulation.

5. You can research the facilities that successfully petitioned EPA for a delisting in

Appendix IX of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations part 261.

https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol27/xml/CFR-2012-title40-vol27-part261.xml

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3. What is the first step in the hazardous waste identification process?

a. Examine whether the waste is specifically excluded from regulation

b. Investigate whether the waste is a listed or characteristic hazardous waste

c. Petition EPA to delist wastes from RCRA Subtitle C regulation

d. Determine if the material is a solid waste

What is a solid waste?

RCRA states that "solid waste" means any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater

treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other

discarded material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations,

and from community activities. Nearly everything we do leaves behind some kind of waste.

The definition of solid waste is not limited to wastes that are physically solid. Many solid wastes

are liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material.

A solid waste is any material that is discarded by being:

• Abandoned: The term abandoned means thrown away. A material is abandoned if it is

disposed of, burned, incinerated, or sham recycled.

• Inherently Waste-Like: Some materials pose such a threat to human health and the

environment that they are always considered solid wastes; these materials are

inherently waste-like. Examples of inherently waste-like materials include certain dioxin-

containing wastes.

• A Discarded Military Munition: Military munitions are all ammunition products and

components produced for or used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) or U.S.

Armed Services for national defense and security. Unused or defective munitions are

solid wastes when:

o abandoned (i.e., disposed of, burned, incinerated) or treated prior to disposal;

o rendered nonrecyclable or non-useable through deterioration; or

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o declared a waste by an authorized military official. Used (i.e., fired or detonated)

munitions may also be solid wastes if collected for storage, recycling, treatment, or

disposal.

• Recycled in Certain Ways: A material is recycled if it is used or reused (e.g., as an

ingredient in a process), reclaimed, or used in certain ways (used in or on the land in a

manner constituting disposal, burned for energy recovery, or accumulated

speculatively). Specific exclusions to the definition of solid waste are listed in the Code

of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 40 CFR section 261.4(a). Many of these exclusions are

related to recycling.

Materials that do not meet this definition are not solid wastes and are not subject to RCRA

regulation.

4. Solid wastes can be categorized as _____.

a. only physically solid materials

b. solid and gaseous material

c. solid, semi-solid, or gaseous material

d. solid, liquid, semi-solid, or gaseous material

Wastes Excluded from EPA Solid Waste Regulation

A material cannot be a hazardous waste if it does not meet the definition of solid waste. Thus,

wastes that are excluded from the definition of solid waste are not subject to RCRA subtitle C

hazardous waste regulation. These materials are excluded for a variety of reasons, including

public policy, economic impacts, regulation by other laws, lack of data, or impracticability of

regulating the waste. Examples of wastes which are not defined as solid wastes include:

• pulping liquors

• spent sulfuric acid

• radioactive waste

• domestic sewage

• excluded scrap metal

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EPA excludes certain solid wastes from the definition of hazardous waste. If a material meets an

exclusion from the definition of hazardous waste, it is not regulated as a hazardous waste, even

if the material technically meets a listing or exhibits a characteristic that would normally meet

this definition. Examples of solid wastes which are not defined as hazardous wastes include:

• agricultural wastes

• mining overburden

• oil, gas, geothermal wastes

• cement kiln dust

• injected groundwater

5. According to the EPA, which material is not defined as a solid waste?

a. Radioactive waste

b. Agricultural waste

c. Cement kiln dust

d. Oil, gas, geothermal waste

Hazardous Waste Sites

A hazardous waste site is an area — land or water — contaminated by hazardous waste that

poses a risk to human health or the environment. Abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste

sites that EPA identifies for cleanup are known as Superfund sites. Such sites are on public and

private property.

Hazardous Waste Generators

Many businesses generate hazardous waste as a byproduct of their production operations,

store it for a short time, and then send it to a TSD facility for treatment, storage, or disposal.

A generator is any person who produces a hazardous waste as listed or characterized in part

261 of title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The volume of hazardous waste each

generator produces in a calendar month determines which regulations apply to that generator.

Under RCRA, hazardous waste generators are the first link in the hazardous waste management

system. All generators must determine if their waste is hazardous and must oversee the

ultimate fate of the waste. They must document that the hazardous waste they produce is

properly identified, managed, and treated prior to recycling or disposal. The degree of

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regulation that applies to each generator depends on the amount of waste that a generator

produces.

6. Under RCRA, who is the first link in the hazardous waste management system?

a. Hazardous waste generators

b. Hazardous waste transporters

c. Treatment, storage and disposal facilities

d. Hazardous waste inspectors

Generator Categories

Recognizing that generators produce waste in different quantities, EPA established three

categories of generators in the regulations:

1. Very small quantity generators (VSQGs) generate 100 kilograms or less per month of

hazardous waste or one kilogram or less per month of acutely hazardous waste. VSQGs

must:

o identify all the hazardous waste generated.

o may not accumulate more than 1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste at any time.

o ensure that hazardous waste is delivered to a person or facility who is authorized to manage it.

2. Small quantity generators (SQGs) generate more than 100 kilograms, but less than

1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste per month. SQGs can accumulate hazardous waste

for 180 days before shipping it to a TSD facility (270 days if the nearest TSD facility is

more than 200 miles away).

o SQGs may accumulate hazardous waste on-site for 180 days without a permit (or 270

days if shipping a distance greater than 200 miles).

o The quantity of hazardous on-site waste must never exceed 6,000 kilograms.

o SQGs must comply with the hazardous waste manifest requirements of 40 CFR part 262,

subpart B and the pre-transport requirements at 40 CFR §§262.30 through 262.33.

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o SQGs must manage hazardous waste in tanks or containers subject to the requirements

found at 40 CFR §§262.16(b)(2) and (3).

o SQGs must comply with the preparedness and prevention requirements at 40 CFR

§§262.16(b)(8) and (9), and the land disposal restriction requirements at 40 CFR part

268.

o There must always be at least one employee available to respond to an emergency. This

employee is the emergency coordinator responsible for coordinating emergency

response measures. SQGs are not required to have detailed, written contingency plans.

7. Small quantity generators (SQGs) generate _____ of hazardous waste per month.

a. more than 10 kilograms, but less than 100 kilograms

b. less than 100 kilograms

c. more than 100 kilograms, but less than 1,000 kilograms

d. less than 10,000 kilograms

3. Large quantity generators (LQGs) generate 1,000 kilograms per month or more of

hazardous waste or more than one kilogram per month of acutely hazardous waste.

LQGs can accumulate hazardous waste for up to 90 days before shipping it to a TSD

facility.

o LQGs may only accumulate waste on-site for 90 days. Certain exceptions apply.

o LQGs do not have a limit on the amount of hazardous waste accumulated on-site.

o Hazardous waste generated must be managed in tanks, containers, drip pads or containment buildings subject to the requirements found at 40 CFR §§ 262.17(a)(1)-(4) and, specifically for drip pads and containment buildings, 40 CFR part 265, subparts W and DD, respectively.

o LQGs must comply with the hazardous waste manifest requirements at 40 CFR part 262 subpart B and the pre-transport requirements at 40 CFR §§262.30 through 262.33.

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o LQGs must comply with the preparedness, prevention and emergency procedure requirements at 40 CFR part 262 subpart M and the land disposal restriction requirements at 40 CFR part 268.

o LQGs must submit a biennial hazardous waste report.

See 40 CFR part 262 for a complete description of the LQG regulations.

Are you covered by HAZWOPER?

OSHA’s HAZWOPER standard covers all employers performing the following five general

categories of work operations per 29 CFR 1910.120(a)(1)(i-v):

1. Clean-up operations required by a governmental body, whether Federal, state local or

other involving hazardous substances that are conducted at uncontrolled hazardous

waste sites;

2. Corrective actions involving clean-up operations at sites covered by the Resource

Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA);

3. Voluntary clean-up operations at sites recognized by Federal, state, local or other

governmental bodies as uncontrolled hazardous waste sites;

4. Treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities Operations involving hazardous waste

operations [paragraph (p)] (e.g., landfill that accepts hazardous waste), and

5. Emergency response operations involving hazardous substance releases [paragraph (q)]

(e.g., chemical spill at a manufacturing plant).

The HAZWOPER standard for the construction industry, 29 CFR 1926.65, is identical to 29 CFR

1910.120. For brevity, we reference 1910.120 for the HAZWOPER standard in this course.

8. Large quantity generators (LQGs) generate _____ of hazardous waste per month.

a. more than 100 kilograms, but less than 1000 kilograms

b. less than 1000 kilograms

c. 1000 kilograms or more

d. at least 10,000 kilograms


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Cleanup operations

The employer involved in cleaning up, handling, or processing hazardous substances at a

hazardous waste site, must comply with all parts of HAZWOPER except 1910.120 (p) and (q).

Cleanup operations involve employees who remove, contain, incinerate, neutralize, stabilize,

process, or handle hazardous substances at a hazardous waste site to make it safe for people or

the environment.

There are three kinds of cleanup operations:

1. cleanup operations required by a government agency at an uncontrolled hazardous

waste site,

2. corrective actions that involve cleanup at sites covered by RCRA, and

3. voluntary clean-up operations.

“Voluntary” means a government agency recognizes that a site contains hazardous substances

that may pose a safety or health threat to workers or the environment until it is controlled.

These operations include those hazardous substance operations under the Comprehensive

Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 as amended (CERCLA),

including initial investigations at CERCLA sites before the presence or absence of hazardous

substances has been determined.

Examples of types of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites that would be covered by HAZWOPER

include those:

• Listed or proposed for listing on the National Priority List (NPL),

• Listed or proposed for listing on a State priority list,

• Identified or listed by a governmental agency as an uncontrolled hazardous waste site (Note: this includes voluntary cleanup operations), and

• Regulated as a corrective action covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).


https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-cercla-overview

https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-cercla-overview

https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-national-priorities-list-npl

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TSD Facilities

TSD facilities treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste and are required to have an RCRA

permit or interim status from EPA. If the TSD employer/facility has a RCRA permit or interim

status, the employer must implement the following programs:

• safety and health program

• medical surveillance program

• decontamination program

• new technology program

• material handling program

• training program

• emergency response program

Other areas of a facility not covered by permit or interim status that could have uncontrolled

releases of hazardous substances must develop a formal emergency response plan.

Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency

occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are

exempt from the requirements of an emergency response plan if they provide an emergency

action plan per 29 CFR 1910.38.

9. Areas of a facility not covered by permit or interim status that could have uncontrolled

releases of hazardous substances must_____.

a. develop an emergency action plan to evacuate employees

b. develop RCRA and EPA notification procedures

c. develop a formal emergency response plan

d. ensure the worksite is surrounded by an adequate dike system

Emergency Response Operations

Emergency-response operations respond to emergencies caused by uncontrolled releases of

hazardous substances.

Examples of emergency response operations include:

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• responses by properly trained employees from outside an immediate release area at a production facility,

• trained responders from a fire department, or

• contracted HAZMAT responders.

If employees are expected to respond to emergencies caused by uncontrolled releases of

hazardous substances no matter where they occur, then you must comply with HAZWOPER

1910.120(q).

Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances that can be absorbed, neutralized, or

otherwise controlled at the time of release by those in the immediate release area or by

maintenance personnel are not emergency response operations.

10. If the employer suffers an uncontrolled release of hazardous substances and

employees are tasked with responding to the emergency, which program is required by

HAZWOPER requirements?

a. Emergency Response Plan

b. Emergency Action Plan

c. A Quick Response Plan

d. An Employee Evacuation Plan



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Module 2: HAZWOPER for Cleanup Operations

The essential HAZWOPER requirement for cleanup operations is a written safety and health

program. This program describes the work policies, practices, and procedures that employees

who do cleanup work must follow. The written program must also describe the chain of

command at the site. A chain of command links one person with overall responsibility for

managing site operations to others responsible for carrying out specific tasks. Those included in

the chain of command are:

• A general supervisor, who directs site operations.

• A site safety-and-health supervisor, who has authority and knowledge to develop the program and who can ensure that it complies with HAZWOPER requirements.

• Those involved in cleanup operations at the site.

• Those who will respond to emergencies at the site.

One site-specific safety and health program for cleanup operations is acceptable if it covers all

tasks, operations, and employers on the site, and if the employees are trained to use the plan.

However, each contractor or subcontractor at the site must comply with HAZWOPER

requirements.

If a written workplace safety-and-health program is in place, the employer does not need to

develop another one just for cleanup operations; however, it must address conditions at the

site and include the following elements.

1. The chain of command for cleanup operations include each of the following, EXCEPT

_____.

a. General supervisor

b. Site safety-and-health supervisor

c. Site industrial hygienist

d. Those involved in cleanup

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Site Evaluation

Before employees begin cleanup work at a new site, a designated qualified person must do a

preliminary evaluation to identify hazards and determine how to protect them with engineering

controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment.

The evaluation should include areas immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), areas that

exceed published exposure levels. Soon after employees begin working at the site, the qualified

person must evaluate the site.

Site evaluation focuses on the following:

• the site’s hazards, including the physical or chemical properties of hazardous substances and how employees could be exposed to the hazards

• employee health and safety risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances

• places where hazardous substances could leak

• location, size, topography, and access to the site

• what jobs employees do and how long it will take to accomplish them

• qualifications of emergency responders and approximate response times

• personal protective equipment that employees need to do their jobs

2. Evaluations of cleanup operations should include _____.

a. areas that do not exceed published exposure levels

b. areas immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)

c. areas in the surrounding outside areas for contamination

d. areas upwind from the cleanup operation

Site Control

Site control establishes procedures and safe practices that ensure your employees will be

protected from hazardous substances. Essential for site control:

• map of the site that identifies contaminated areas

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• identified work zones that prevent unauthorized workers from entering contaminated

areas and contain contaminants

• written communication and safe work procedures for each work zone

• Written procedures for a buddy system: A buddy system pairs workers so that they can

help one another during an emergency. Buddies do not have to work for the same

employer, but they must be similarly equipped, appropriately trained, and must know

their responsibilities under HAZWOPER.

• written procedures for warning employees about emergencies

• name of the nearest emergency-medical responder

3. A _____ pairs workers so that they can help one another during a cleanup operation

emergency.

a. buddy system

b. chain of command

c. check sum procedure

d. paired partner requirement

Employee Training

Employees need to know about the site hazards to which they may be exposed, how to

recognize the hazards, and how to control their exposure. The best way for them to learn is

through a combination of classroom instruction, site-specific information, and supervised

fieldwork.

Employees who work at the site must have appropriate training before they begin their work.

You can send your employees to an offsite trainer, but you are responsible for ensuring that

they can apply their training to the conditions at the site. What employees need to know:

• names of those responsible for employee safety and health at the site

• site’s hazards

• how to use personal protective equipment to control exposure

• how to minimize exposure risks

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• medical surveillance requirements

• procedures for decontaminating clothing and minimizing exposure to hazardous substances

• procedures for responding to emergencies

• procedures for working in confined spaces

• procedures for containing leaks and spills of hazardous substances.

Employees whose jobs put them at higher risk of exposure need more training than those who

do lower-risk jobs. The table summarizes their initial and refresher training needs.

Employee Category Initial Training Refresher Training

General site workers who remove hazardous substances or engage in activities that may expose them to hazardous substances.

40 hours of off-site instruction and 3 days of field experience

8 hours of annual refresher training

Workers on site occasionally who have specific tasks and are unlikely to be exposed above OSHA permissible exposure levels.

24 hours of off-site instruction and 1 day of field experience


Workers regularly on site in areas where exposures are below exposure limits, respirators are not required, and emergencies are not likely.

24 hours of off-site instruction and 1 day of field experience


On-site managers and supervisors who are directly responsible for or who supervise workers engaged in hazardous waste operations.

40 hours of off-site instruction and 3 days of field experience


Employees with 24 hours of off-site instruction who become general site workers — or who are

required to wear respirators — must have additional training that totals 40 hours of off-site

instruction and three days of field experience.

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Employees who have completed their training and field experience must receive a written

certificate; they cannot begin work at the site without one.

Employees who have work experience or training that meets HAZWOPER initial training

requirements must be given appropriate site-specific training and have appropriate supervised

field experience at the new site.

4. How much HAZWOPER training must managers, supervisors and general site workers

performing cleanup operations have before the start of work?

a. 8 hours of instruction, 1 day of field experience

b. 24 hours of instruction, 2 days of field experience

c. 40 hours of instruction, 3 days of field experience

d. 48 hours of instruction, 4 days of field experience

Medical Surveillance

If employees are exposed to hazardous substances during their work, they may need to be

monitored to detect medical conditions that could harm them. Medical surveillance consists of

regular medical examinations and consultations for those who may be overexposed to

hazardous substances during their work. The table shows which employees must have medical

surveillance.

Employee Category When a medical exam is required

Employees who may be exposed to hazardous substances at or above permissible exposure limits (PELs) or published exposure levels for those substances 30 or more days a year

Employees who wear a respirator for 30 or more days a year or who are required by 1910.134, Subdivision 2/I to wear a respirator.

Members of HAZMAT teams

Before assignment

Every 12 months unless the physician recommends a longer interval (not to exceed 24 months)

At termination of employment and reassignment

Immediately after reporting symptoms indicating overexposure

Employees who show symptoms of overexposure to hazardous substances

As soon as possible after an employee reports symptoms

When a physician determines that an examination is necessary

Key points about the medical examination:

• The examination must be performed under the supervision of a licensed physician.

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• The physician must have information about the employee’s duties, exposure levels, and personal protective equipment.

• The employee must receive a copy of the physician’s written findings.

Keep a record of the examination, including the employee’s name and the physician’s written

opinion regarding the employee’s medical fitness to do work or to wear a respirator.

5. When should a medical exam be performed if an employee begins to show signs of

overexposure to a hazardous substance?

a. Within 30 to 60 days

b. As soon as possible

c. When a supervisor can schedule an appointment

d. A medical exam is not required

Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and PPE

How will control hazards and employee exposure be controlled at the site? You can control

hazards most effectively with engineering controls that “engineer” or physically change the

work environment to reduce exposures to safe levels. Safe-work practices and personal

protective equipment (PPE) are less effective but can be combined with engineering controls to

protect employees.

Using PPE: If employees use personal protective equipment (which includes respirators) during

hazardous-waste operations, your written program must ensure the following:

• Equipment is selected to protect employees against site-specific hazards.

• Employees maintain and store the equipment properly.

• Employees understand the equipment’s limitations.

• Equipment is decontaminated and disposed of properly.

• Employees are trained to use, wear, and inspect equipment.

• Equipment fits employees who use it.

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Air Monitoring

Air monitoring can tell you the concentration of air contaminants in areas where employees

may be exposed to hazardous substances. Monitoring is required during initial site entry and

during clean up.

• Personal sampling/monitoring tests exposures of individual employees by sampling the

air in their breathing zones.

• Area sampling/monitoring tests the air for contaminants in specific locations or areas. It

is used to estimate exposures affecting groups of employees.

The employer must establish a monitoring policy that applies to conditions at the site.

• Briefly describe what you are monitoring for, the monitoring equipment that you will

use, and how often you will monitor.

• Specify the concentrations of airborne contaminants at which you will reevaluate the

effectiveness of the site’s engineering controls, safe work practices, and PPE.

When and How to Monitor

At initial entry and when an employer suspects hazardous conditions or hazardous atmosphere,

monitor the air to identify any condition immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) and

hazardous exposure levels.

After the cleanup phase of a hazardous waste operation begins, use personal sampling to monitor

employees likely to have the highest exposures to hazardous substances.

6. Once the cleanup phase of a hazardous waste operation has begun, how should

employees with high exposure levels be monitored?

a. Site sampling

b. Area monitoring

c. Personal sampling

d. Scheduled sampling

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Informing Employees and Contractors

The written program must ensure that employees and contractors know about the chemical,

physical, and toxicologic properties of the hazardous substances to which they may be exposed

before they begin work at the site.

Handling Hazardous Materials

If there are drums or containers on the site - buried or above ground - and you need to move

them, you must inspect them first for leaks or signs of weakness. Consider unlabeled containers

to contain hazardous materials.

Storing containers. Store containers so that it is not necessary to move them frequently, and

never stand on them or use them as work platforms. Always use explosion-resistant equipment

to handle containers in flammable atmospheres.

Controlling leaks and spills. Establish a procedure to contain leaks or spills and ensure that

employees are trained and have appropriate containment equipment. Make sure there are

salvage containers and absorbents at the site. Don’t move containers that show signs of weak-

ness, bulging, or swelling or containers that contain radioactive waste until exposure risks have

been assessed.

Opening hazardous-waste containers. Use caution when opening containers with pressurized

contents; open them from a remote location or use appropriate shielding. Those not involved in

opening hazardous-waste containers must be at a safe distance or be protected by a suitable

shield. Permit only specially trained employees to open laboratory waste packs. Consider

unidentified laboratory waste or any laboratory waste pack with crystallized material on the

outside as shock sensitive.

Shock-sensitive waste. Those who handle shock-sensitive waste must first evacuate all non-

essential employees from the area, sound an alarm to warn others and use handling equipment

that has explosion-resistant shields or barriers. Handlers must also ensure continuous

communication with the site’s safety and health supervisor.

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7. Workers should consider unidentified laboratory waste as _____.

a. shock sensitive

b. typical waste material

c. a non-hazardous substance

d. stable material

Decontamination

The written program must include procedures to ensure that employees who may be exposed

to hazardous substances decontaminate themselves and decontaminate or properly dispose of

contaminated equipment, including PPE.

Decontamination must be done in areas to minimize the exposure of uncontaminated

employees or equipment. If you send employee clothing to a commercial laundry, inform the

laundry about the harmful effects of hazardous substances that may contaminate the clothing.

Emergency Response

Your written program must ensure that employees at the site know what to do in an

emergency such as fire, personal injury, or chemical release. If you rely on a local emergency

responder such as a fire department for services, you must ensure that they can respond

appropriately to fire, personal injury, and chemical releases. If they cannot provide appropriate

services, you must find a responder that can. Your emergency-response plan must also

coordinate with the local emergency response plan within your state or district.

What your emergency response plan must include:

• description of possible emergencies at the site

• roles and authority of emergency personnel

• communication procedures used during emergencies

• procedures for reporting emergencies to local, state, and federal government agencies

• emergency zones, safe distances, and evacuation areas at the site

• security and control measures for emergencies

• site evacuation procedures and routes

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• emergency-response equipment available at the site

• procedures for medical treatment and first-aid

• emergency decontamination procedures

• training required for employees who respond to emergencies at the site

• criteria for evaluating the plan

Don’t just put your plan away and forget about it until an emergency occurs. Rehearse the

plan’s procedures regularly and review the plan to keep it current.

8. Which of the following must be included in an emergency response plan?

a. Budget planning

b. Training required for employees who respond to emergencies at the site

c. Medical evaluation schedule

d. Disciplinary procedures for non-compliance

Lighting for Employees

Employees must have enough light to do their work safely. The table below shows the mini-

mum illumination intensities in foot-candles for typical areas at hazardous-waste operations.

Illumination is commonly measured in foot-candles. One foot-candle is the illumination

produced by one candle at one foot. The most practical way to measure illumination is with a

light meter.

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Foot-candles Work area

5 General work areas

3 Excavation and waste areas, access ways, active storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and field maintenance areas

5 Indoors

5 Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas

10 Shop areas

30 First-aid stations, infirmaries, and offices

9. How many foot-candles of illumination is the minimum required for general work areas

of a hazardous waste site?

a. 3

b. 5

c. 10

d. 30

Sanitary Facilities

The written program must include a policy that ensures that potable water and appropriate

toilets, washing, and showering facilities are available at the site.

• Drinking water. Employees must have an adequate supply of drinking water at the site.

Water must be supplied by the employer from clearly labeled closed portable containers

with taps. The containers cannot be used for any other purpose. If you provide

disposable cups, employees must take them from a sanitary container and dispose of

them in a separate container.

• Non-potable-water outlets. Non-potable-water outlets must clearly state that the

water is not to be used for drinking, washing, or cooking.

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• Toilet facilities. Toilet facilities must be available for employees at the site. Sites that

don’t have sanitary sewers must have chemical, recirculating, combustion, or flush

toilets. Doors to toilets must have locks that can be controlled from the inside.

• Washing facilities. Handwashing facilities must be available to employees in work areas

that expose them to contaminants that could harm them.

• Shower facilities. Shower facilities and change rooms must be available at the site if

employees do cleanup work for at least six months and they may be exposed to

hazardous substances. Showers and change rooms must be located in areas with

exposures below permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels. Employees

must shower at the end of their work shifts or before they leave the site.

New Technology Plan

“New technology” in HAZWOPER refers to products and equipment introduced by

manufacturers to protect workers who do hazardous-waste cleanup operations. Your written

program should direct employees to evaluate such products when they replace existing

products or purchase new ones.

10. Shower facilities and change rooms must be available at the site if employees do

cleanup work for at least six months and they may be exposed to hazardous substances.

a. True

b. False

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Module 3: HAZWOPER for TSD Facilities

The employer must have a written safety-and-health program that protects employees who

may be exposed to hazardous substances at the treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facility.

The purpose of the program is to ensure that the employer identifies, evaluates, and controls

safety and health hazards and responds promptly to emergencies.

Site Analysis at TSD Facilities

If employees begin work at a site other than your facility, a designated qualified person must do

a preliminary site evaluation to identify the specific hazards to which they may be exposed and

to determine what engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment

will protect them. Include areas that are immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), areas

that exceed published exposure levels, and areas that indicate exposure above radioactive dose

limits. Soon after employees begin working at the site, the qualified person must do a detailed

site evaluation.

Site evaluation criteria:

• site’s hazards, including the physical or chemical properties of hazardous substances and how employees could be exposed to the hazard

• employee health and safety risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances

• places where hazardous substances could leak

• location, size, topography, and access to the site

• employees’ jobs at the site and how long it takes them to complete those jobs

• qualifications of emergency responders and approximate response times

• personal protective equipment that employees need to do their jobs

The employer should inform employees about the chemical, physical, and toxic properties of hazardous substances to which they may be exposed before they begin work at the site.

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1. What properties of hazardous substances should be informed of before beginning work

at a site?

a. Chemical, physical, and toxic

b. Physical, organic, and environmental

c. Chemical, psychological, and environmental

d. Toxic, flammable, and explosive

Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and PPE

This part of your written program describes how you identify site hazards and how to control

them. You can control hazards most effectively with engineering controls which “engineer” or

physically change the work environment to reduce exposures to safe levels. Safe-work practices

and personal protective equipment (PPE) are less effective but can be combined with

engineering controls to protect employees.

Using PPE. If employees use personal protective equipment (which includes respirators) during

hazardous-waste operations, your written program must ensure the following:

• Equipment is selected to protect employees against site-specific hazards.



• Equipment is decontaminated and disposed of properly.

• Employees are trained to use, wear, and inspect equipment.

• Equipment fits employees who use it.

2. At TSD facilities, personal protective equipment (PPE) should be selected to protect

employees against general categories of hazards.

a. True

b. False

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Hazard Communication Program at TSD Facilities

The written program must have a policy that ensures employees know about chemical hazards

at the worksite and how to protect themselves from the hazards. The policy does not apply to

hazardous waste as defined by the Solid Waste Disposal Act and amended by the Resource

Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976. Your hazard communication policy must meet the

requirements of the hazard communication standard, 1910.1200, Subpart Z, Toxic and

hazardous substances, which includes the following:

• Hazard determination. Identify and maintain a current list of all hazardous chemicals at the site, including hazardous substances to which employees may be exposed during their routine and non-routine tasks, and hazardous substances in pipes.

• Labeling. Label containers of hazardous chemicals with the chemical’s name and a warning about its hazards.

• Safety data sheets (SDS). A safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical used at the site must be readily accessible to employees during their work shifts.

• Employee training. Inform and train employees who work with hazardous chemicals before their assignments and whenever their assignments or work processes change.

Medical Surveillance at TSD Facilities

If employees are exposed to hazardous substances during their work, you may need to monitor

their health to detect medical conditions that could harm them. Medical surveillance consists of

regular medical examinations and consultations for those who may be overexposed to

hazardous substances during their work. The table shows employees who must have medical

surveillance.

Employee Category When a medical exam is required

Employees who may be exposed to hazardous substances at or above permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels for those substances 30 or more days a year

Employees who wear a respirator for 30 or more days a year or who are required by 1910.134, Subdivision 2/I to wear a respirator.


Before assignment

Every 12 months unless the physician recommends a longer interval (not to exceed 24 months)

At termination of employment and reassignment







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• The examination must be performed under the supervision of a licensed physician.

• The physician must have information about the employee’s duties, exposure levels, and

• personal protective equipment.


• Keep a record of the examination, including the employee’s name and the physician’s written opinion regarding the employee’s medical fitness to do hazardous waste work and to wear a respirator.

3. When an employee at a TSD facility shows symptoms of overexposure to a hazardous

substance, when is a medical exam required?

a. Within 30 days

b. The next business day

c. As soon as possible

d. Within 15 days

Decontamination at TSD Facilities

Decontamination procedures are a component of the site-specific safety and health plan and,

consequently, must be developed, communicated to employees, and implemented before

workers enter a hazardous waste site.

The site safety and health officer must require and monitor decontamination of the employee

or decontamination and disposal of the employee's clothing and equipment, as well as the

solvents used for decontamination before the employee leaves the work area.

• If an employee's permeable clothing becomes grossly contaminated with hazardous substances, the employee must immediately remove that clothing and take a shower.

• Impermeable protective clothing must be decontaminated before being removed by the employee.

• Protective clothing and equipment must be decontaminated, cleaned, laundered, maintained, or replaced to retain effectiveness. The employer must inform any person who launders or cleans such clothing or equipment of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to hazardous substances.

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• Employees who are required to shower must be provided showers and change rooms

4. What must an employee do immediately if permeable clothing becomes grossly

contaminated with hazardous substances?

a. Remove clothing and take a shower

b. Wash clothing before reuse

c. Replace clothing with fresh, uncontaminated clothing

d. Burn the clothing as soon as possible

Handling Hazardous Materials at TSD Facilities

If there are drums or containers at the facility — buried or above ground — and you need to

move them, you must inspect them first for leaks or signs of weakness. Consider unlabeled

containers to contain hazardous materials. Store containers so that it is not necessary to move

them frequently, and never stand on them or use them as work platforms.

• Controlling leaks and spills. Establish a procedure to contain leaks or spills and ensure

that employees are trained and have appropriate containment equipment. Make sure

there are salvage containers and absorbents at the site. Don’t move containers that

show signs of weakness, bulging, or swelling. Don’t move radioactive waste until

exposure risks have been assessed.

• Material-handling equipment. The equipment that you use to move containers must be

selected and operated to minimize the risk of igniting vapors from damaged containers.

• Shipping and transporting containers. Identify and classify containers before shipping

them. Limit the number of container staging areas and make sure they are accessible.

Put hazardous wastes in bulk containers only after determining it is safe to do so.

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5. If drums or containers at a facility need to be moved, what action is required before

moving them?

a. Check the container logs to see what they contain

b. Notify the site supervisor

c. Properly label and mark the containers

d. Check them for leaks or weakness

Training at TSD Facilities

Employees who work at the facility must have initial and refresher training that covers the following topics:

• how to identify and control hazards

• decontamination procedures and how to use personal protective equipment

• how to minimize exposure to hazardous substances

• how to use engineering controls and equipment

• medical surveillance procedures

• procedures for responding to emergencies

The hours of required training differ for new employees, current employees, and trainers, shown in the table below:

Employee Category Initial Training Refresher Training

New employees 24 Hours 8 hours annually

Current employees None required if previous work experience and training is equivalent to the twenty-four hours of training for new employees

8 hours annually

Trainers Satisfactory completion of a training course for subjects they are expected to teach and competent instructional skills

None required

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6. How much training must new and current employees receive at Treatment, Storage, and

Disposal (TSD) sites?

a. At least 8 hours annually

b. 24 hours plus 16 hours annually

c. 24 hours or equivalent plus 8 hours annually

d. None

Emergency Response at TSD Facilities

Your written program must include a plan that ensures employees know what to do during an

emergency at the facility. The requirements for your emergency response plan depend on

whether employees evacuate the site or respond to an emergency. Employees are evacuated

during an emergency and do no assist in responding to the emergency, see the requirements in

29 CFR 1910.38, Emergency Action Plans.

Type of emergency response Emergency response requirement

Employees are evacuated during an emergency and do not assist in responding to the emergency

See the requirements in 29 CFR 1910.38, Emergency Action Plans.

Employees remain onsite during an emergency or assist in responding to an emergency

See the required HAZWOPER

29 CFR 1910.120(q), Emergency Response Plans

If employees remain on site during an emergency or assist in responding to an emergency, your emergency-response plan must address the following elements:

• planning and coordinating with off-site responders

• personnel roles, lines of authority, and communication procedures

• emergencies and how to prevent them

• safe distances and places of refuge

• site control and security

• evacuation routes and procedures

• emergency decontamination procedures

https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=9726&p_table=standards

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• emergency medical treatment and first aid

• emergency communication procedures

• necessary emergency equipment, including PPE

• emergency-response plan evaluation criteria

Emergency Responder Training Requirements

Training for emergency responders must cover the following topics:

• elements of the emergency-response plan

• procedures for handling emergencies

• personal protective equipment necessary for emergencies

• how to recognize hazards that may endanger responders

Certify each employee has completed the training or certify their competency yearly.

Keep records showing how they have been trained and their training dates.

7. When employees remain onsite during an emergency, where can emergency response

plan requirements be found?

a. 29 CFR 1910.38

b. 29 CFR 1910.120

c. 40 CFR 1930.106

d. 40 CFR 1926.39

Emergency Responder Training at TSD Facilities

Emergency-response training to every employee at the facility is not required if one of the

following applies:

• A smaller number of employees are trained to control emergencies, and all other

employees know how to recognize emergencies, summon the trained responders, and

evacuate the affected area.

• A trained off-site team will respond promptly to an emergency, and on-site employees

know how to recognize emergencies and summon the responders.

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Don’t just put the plan away and forget about it until an emergency occurs. Use the plan to do the following:

• Inform responders about the site’s topography and layout.

• Coordinate the plan with the emergency-response plans of local, state, and federal agencies.

• Rehearse the plan’s procedures regularly.

• Review the plan regularly and keep it current.

• Evaluate the plan’s effectiveness after an incident and correct deficiencies.

• Install an alarm at the site that will notify employees of an emergency.

Emergency Response Training for Chemical Facility Employees

Chemical facility employees who manufacture, use, store, or handle hazardous materials need

emergency-response training only if their activities could cause an emergency. Incidental

releases of hazardous substances that employees can control quickly are not emergencies.

However, these employees should have training covering the emergency-action plan, hazard

communication, and respiratory protection.

8. When do chemical facility employees who manufacture, use, store, or handle hazardous

materials need emergency-response training?

a. There is no reason for a chemical facility employee to receive emergency response

training

b. If they are required to evacuate the facility without responding to an emergency

c. Only if their activities could cause an emergency

d. If they will be providing on-the-job training to new employees

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Module 4: HAZWOPER for Emergency Responders

As previously discussed, HAZWOPER applies to releases of, or substantial threats of releases of,

hazardous substances without regard to their location. Covered employees include first

responders, such as HAZMAT team members, fire and rescue personnel, police, and medical

personnel who may respond to emergency releases.

Emergency responders can effectively respond to and manage an incident by completing six

activities using the acronym "HAZMAT."

Hazard Identification: Preliminary evaluation prior to entry.

Action Plan: Steps to respond to or control the release.

Zoning: Control the risk and securing the scene.

Managing the Incident: Implementing the Incident Command System.

Assistance: Reporting and determining additional resources needed.

Termination: Decontamination, post-incident analysis, medical

surveillance.

Incidental and Uncontrolled Releases

The HAZWOPER standard does not apply to “incidental releases” of hazardous substances,

which are releases that do not pose a significant safety or health hazard to employees in the

immediate vicinity or to the employees cleaning it up.

Incidental Releases. Incidental releases are limited in quantity, exposure potential, or toxicity

and present minor safety or health hazards to employees in the immediate work area or those

assigned to clean them up. An example is a laboratory pint-size container that does not pose a

significant safety and health threat at that volume.

Uncontrolled Releases. In some instances, releases may be “uncontrolled” and require an

emergency response depending on the circumstances of the release (e.g., toxicity and volume

of the substance, training and experience of employees in the immediate area, availability of

response equipment and PPE, etc.). An example is the release of chlorine gas above the IDLH

level, obscuring visibility and moving through a facility.

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1. A small, pint-sized container that does not pose a significant safety and health threat

would most likely be considered _____.

a. an uncontrolled release

b. an unexpected release

c. an incidental release

d. a controlled release

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

A written emergency response plan (ERP) must be developed and implemented before allowing

or permitting an employee response to a hazardous substance release. The plan must cover

reasonably anticipated worst-case scenarios.

Emergency Response Plan vs. Emergency Action Plan

Emergency Response Plan (ERP). Employers that require employees to respond to emergencies

must develop a written emergency response plan that includes the following elements:

• pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside parties

• personnel roles, lines of authority, training, and communication

• PPE and emergency equipment

• emergency recognition and prevention

• safe distances and places of refuge

• site security and control

• evacuation routes and procedures

• decontamination

• emergency medical treatment and first aid

• emergency alerting and response procedures

• critique of response and follow-up

• training on the above elements

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• critical elements

• incident command system

• training

• medical surveillance

• chemical-protective clothing

• post-emergency response operations

Emergency response organizations may use the local emergency response plan or the state

emergency response plan or both, as part of their emergency response plan to avoid

duplication. Those items of the emergency response plan that are addressed by the Emergency

Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) plans may be substituted into their

emergency plan or otherwise kept together for the employer and employee's use.

Emergency Action Plan (EAP). In facilities where the employer has chosen to evacuate

employees in the case of an emergency, and the employer does not permit any of their

employees to assist in handling the emergency, the employer does not need to develop an

emergency response plan. These employers must, however, develop an Emergency Action Plan

(EAP) for the safe evacuation of personnel and ensure that the training of employees is

consistent with 29 CFR 1910.38.

2. An employer who chooses to evacuate employees in an emergency and does not permit

employees to assist in handling the emergency must still develop an emergency response

plan.

a. True

b. False

a. TrueFalse

https://www.epa.gov/epcra

https://www.epa.gov/epcra


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Incident Command System (ICS)

Because the first responders to arrive at the incident are emergency response personnel from

local fire and police departments, HAZWOPER requires the implementation of an Incident

Command System (ICS) to effectively organize, control, and manage operations at an

emergency incident.

It is a standardized on-scene incident management concept designed specifically to allow

responders to adopt an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and

demands of any single incident or multiple incidents without being hindered by jurisdictional

boundaries.

The HAZWOPER standard requires additional specific procedures for response operations:

• It requires the individual in charge (i.e., Incident Commander) of the ICS to evaluate site

conditions and implement appropriate response operations, hazard controls, and PPE.

• A safety officer designated to provide direction and assistance to ensure the safety of

response operations.

• It also requires that personnel in the area of the incident and related hazards be limited

to those actively performing emergency response operations and that backup personnel

stand by with appropriate equipment to provide assistance or rescue.

Ultimately, the implementation of the ICS helps to reduce confusion, improve safety, organize

and coordinate actions, and facilitates the effective management of the incident.

3. What approach is used to effectively organize, control, and manage operations at an

emergency incident?

a. Hazard Communication System (HCS)

b. Hazardous Waste Management System (HWMS)

c. Incident Command System (ICS)

d. Emergency Incident Response System (EIRS)

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/what_is_ics.html

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/what_is_ics.html

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Incident Commander

The Incident Commander (IC) or the Unified Command (UC) that brings ICs together during

multiple incidents is responsible for all aspects of the response, including developing incident

objectives and managing all incident operations.

The IC is faced with many responsibilities when he/she arrives on scene. Unless specifically

assigned to another member of the Command or General Staffs, these responsibilities remain

with the IC. Some of the more complex responsibilities include:

• Establish immediate priorities especially the safety of responders, other emergency workers, bystanders, and people involved in the incident.

• Stabilize the incident by ensuring life safety and managing resources efficiently and cost effectively.

• Determine incident objectives and strategy to achieve the objectives.

• Establish and monitor incident organization.

• Approve the implementation of the written or oral Incident Action Plan.

• Ensure adequate health and safety measures are in place.

4. The ICS Incident Commander (IC) is responsible for _____.

a. determining budget needs

b. checking in on all emergency response personnel

c. monitoring gas emissions

d. ensuring adequate health and safety measures are in place

Command Staff

The Command Staff is responsible for public affairs, health and safety, and liaison activities

within the incident command structure. The IC/UC remains responsible for these activities or

may assign individuals to carry out these responsibilities and report directly to the IC/UC.

• The Information Officer develops and releases information about the incident to the news media, incident personnel, and other appropriate agencies and organizations.

• The Liaison Officer serves as the point of contact for assisting and coordinating activities between the IC/UC and various agencies and groups. Persons contacted may include

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/what_is_uc.html

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Congressional personnel, local government officials, and criminal investigating organizations and investigators arriving on the scene.

• The safety officer is knowledgeable in the operations implemented at the emergency response site. Safety officer specific responsibilities are to:

o identify and evaluate hazards, and

o provide direction concerning the safety of operations for the emergency at hand.

When activities are judged by the safety officer to be an IDLH and/or to involve an

imminent danger condition, the safety officer shall have the authority to alter, suspend,

or terminate those activities. The safety official shall immediately inform the individual

in charge of the ICS of any actions needed to be taken to correct these hazards at the

emergency scene.

5. The ____ is responsible for identifying and evaluating hazards, and providing direction

concerning the safety of operations for an emergency.

a. Operations Officer

b. Safety Officer

c. Logistics Officer

d. Information Officer

General Staff

The General Staff includes Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/Administrative

responsibilities. These responsibilities remain with the IC until they are assigned to another

individual. When the Operations, Planning, Logistics or Finance/Administrative responsibilities

are established as separate functions under the IC, they are managed by a section chief and can

be supported by other functional units.

• The Operations Staff is responsible for all operations directly applicable to the primary mission of the response.

• The Planning Staff is responsible for collecting, evaluating, and disseminating the tactical information related to the incident, and for preparing and documenting Incident Action Plans (IAP's).

• The Logistics Staff is responsible for providing facilities, services, and materials for the incident response.

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• The Finance and Administrative Staff is responsible for all financial, administrative, and cost analysis aspects of the incident.

6. Which of the following members of the ICS General Staff is responsible for providing

facilities, services, and materials for the incident response?

a. Operations Staff

b. Planning Staff

c. Logistics Staff

d. Finance and Administrative Staff

Medical Surveillance

Medical surveillance consists of regular medical examinations for employees who may be

exposed to hazardous substances during their work.

The purpose of the examinations is to detect medical conditions that could harm employees

because of their hazardous-waste-operations work.

The table below summarizes who must have medical examinations and when the examinations are required:

Employees requiring medical exams When an exam is required

HAZMAT specialists

Employees who wear respirators for 30 or more days a year


Before assignment

Annually; more frequently if recommended by a physician

At termination of employment or reassignment






• It must be performed under the supervision of a licensed physician.

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• The physician must know about the worker’s duties, exposure levels, and personal

protective equipment.


• The employer must keep a record of the examination, including the employee’s name

and the physician’s written opinion regarding the employee’s medical fitness to do

hazardous-waste work or to wear a respirator.

7. The purpose of a medical examination is to _____.

a. reduce employer costs

b. reduce employee sick leave

c. detect medical conditions that could harm employees because of their hazardous-

waste-operations work

d. detect medical conditions that are unrelated to the workplace

Personal Protective Equipment

Designated HAZMAT team members and hazardous materials specialists must provide the

appropriate protective clothing and other necessary equipment. Employers must ensure that

HAZWOPER is followed per 29 CFR 1910.120(g)(5), Personal Protective Equipment Program,

which covers the requirements for PPE selection, and totally-encapsulating chemical protective

suits.

Chemical-protective clothing

Chemical-protective clothing ranges from items such as gloves and face shields to totally-

encapsulating chemical-protective suits and provides four levels of protection (see HAZWOPER

1910.120 Appendix A and B for details). This part of the emergency-response plan ensures that

employees are protected from chemical, physical, or biological hazards during emergency-

response operations. If your employees use chemical-protective clothing, your emergency-

response plan must ensure the following:

• Clothing is selected to protect employees against site-specific hazards.






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• The equipment is decontaminated or disposed of properly.

• Employees are trained to use, wear, and inspect the equipment.

• The equipment fits employees who use it.

Employees who may be exposed to substances that could cause immediate death, serious

illness, or injury must wear totally-encapsulating chemical-protective suits. The suits must

provide the following level-A protection:

• positive pressure, full-facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or

positive-pressure supplied-air respirator with escape SCBA approved by the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

• chemically resistant gloves

• chemically resistant boots with steel toe and shank

• disposable protective suit

8. Employees who may be exposed to substances that could cause immediate death,

serious illness, or injury _____.

a. have a responsibility to wear respirators during work

b. must sign a written work release form

c. must wear totally-encapsulating chemical-protective suits

d. complete at least 8 hours of PPE training a year

Post-emergency-response Operations

After an emergency release, it is often necessary to transition from an emergency response

operation to a hazardous substances cleanup operation. Post-emergency cleanup begins when

the individual in charge of the emergency response declares the site to be under control and

ready for cleanup.

The post-emergency cleanup is performed by two basic groups of employees:

• Employees of the site where the emergency release occurred. Employees of the site

who perform post-emergency cleanup on plant property are typically more familiar with

the types of hazardous substances of the site, site conditions, and methods to

appropriately protect themselves from the related hazards.

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These employees do not need training per HAZWOPER. However, these employees must

complete the training required by:

o 1910.38, Emergency Action Plans,

o 1910.134, Respiratory Protection,

o 1910.1200, Hazard Communication, and

o other appropriate safety and health training made necessary by the tasks they are expected to perform during the cleanup.

• Employees from off the site. Employees who do not work at the facility where the

release occurred, and who arrive after the emergency is declared to be over, must meet

the requirements of HAZWOPER 1910.120(b)-(o) and be trained per 1910.120(e). In

other words, their participation in the post-emergency cleanup is to be treated as

hazardous waste site cleanup operations as discussed earlier in this publication. The

HAZWOPER standard does, however, allow emergency responders, trained per

1910.120(q)(6), who took part in the initial emergency response, to continue working

through the cleanup operation without any additional training.

9. During post-emergency cleanup, which group must meet the requirements of

HAZWOPER?

a. Employees from off the site

b. Employees of the site involved in the emergency

c. Employees located at the command center

d. Employees not approved to wear respirators







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Module 5: Brownfields and Clandestine Drug Labs

Brownfields and HAZWOPER

A brownfield site is real property, the expansion, redevelopment or reuse of which may be

complicated by the presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. The

definition further identifies the types of sites included and excluded from coverage.

There are more than 450,000 brownfields in the U.S. A key characteristic of a brownfield site is

that it is targeted for redevelopment. Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties increases

local tax bases, facilitates job growth, utilizes existing infrastructure, takes development

pressures off undeveloped, open land, and both improves and protects the environment.

Brownfields are not necessarily contaminated, but they are not assumed to be "clean" because

of their prior commercial or industrial use.

In recent years, some federal agencies and most States have initiated brownfields programs,

often to foster economic revitalization. One example at the Federal level is the EPA's

brownfields program. At the state level, brownfields programs often provide the site owner

relief from some environmental liability when the site is determined to be clean.

1. What is a brownfield site?

a. A property that is of little or no value

b. Agricultural sites with an oversaturation of decomposing organic material

c. Real property, the expansion, redevelopment or reuse of which may be complicated

by the presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant

d. Non-profit TSD’s created by Michael Brownfield location throughout the United States

Hazards found on Brownfields

Brownfield sites cannot have a level of contamination that would place them on either the

National Priority List (NPL) or a State priority list. Sites where levels of contamination do not

warrant inclusion on either type of priority list are not likely to cause immediate or serious

health effects to individuals living or working around them, although they may pose hazards for

employees conducting work on the site. Thus, brownfield sites are generally not highly

contaminated. However the types and levels of contaminants present can vary considerably

among them.

https://www.epa.gov/brownfields

https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-national-priorities-list-npl

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Hazardous substances found on brownfields may include:

• petroleum hydrocarbons,

• gasoline or diesel fuel,

• metals,

• construction debris containing asbestos or lead paint,

• polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),

• wood-treating chemicals, and

• industrial chemicals.

They may be present in air, soil, sediment, surface or ground water, and in structures or

containers at the site.

2. What level of contamination can a brownfield site not have?

a. A level that would place them on either the National Priority List (NPL) or a State

priority list

b. A level that would place them on the National Priority List (NPL)

c. A level that would place them on a State priority list

d. A level that would place them on the Greenfield list

How does HAZWOPER apply to brownfields?

To be covered under HAZWOPER, a brownfield must meet the definition of an uncontrolled

hazardous waste site: Any area identified as such by a governmental body where an

accumulation of hazardous substances creates a threat to the health and safety of individuals

or the environment.

Brownfields generally fall under HAZWOPER 1910.120(a) (1)(iii): “Voluntary clean-up operations

at sites recognized by Federal, state, local or other governmental bodies as uncontrolled

hazardous waste sites.”

• HAZWOPER 1910.120(b)-(o) applies to any work activity where hazardous substances are present. Work done for site characterization and cleanup operations are examples.



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• Construction activities done in areas where hazardous substances remain on-site and are managed in place fall under the scope of the HAZWOPER rules.

• HAZWOPER does not apply to construction activities at sites where contamination has been removed to concentrations that do not endanger human health.

3. What criteria must Brownfields meet to be covered under HAZWOPER?

a. A property must be a minimum of 50 years old and must not have been in use for a

minimum of 10 years

b. An accumulation of hazardous substances, identified by a government body, that

creates a threat to the health and safety of individuals or the environment

c. A property must be a minimum of 75 years old and must not have been in use for a

minimum of 25 years

d. The property must be an eye sore to the community

Clandestine Drug Labs and HAZWOPER

Illegal drug labs pose health and environmental threats from toxic chemicals associated with

the production of methamphetamine, ecstasy, and other synthetic drugs. The chemicals can

contaminate structures, groundwater, and soil, and harm those near the labs.

Small, mobile labs that produce one or two ounces at a time are frequently located in

residences, motels, hotels, or automobiles. “Super” labs can produce 10 pounds or more of

meth per month and five to six pounds of waste for each pound of product.

4. What chemicals found in illegal drug labs contaminate?

a. Only the structure that houses the illegal drug lab

b. The air within the contaminated structure

c. Nothing, they pose very little danger to surrounding residents

d. Structures, groundwater, and soil, and harm those near the labs

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How does HAZWOPER apply to clandestine drug labs?

HAZWOPER applies to police and clean-up personnel who deal with clandestine drug labs.

• Local police must follow their agency’s clandestine drug laboratory policy which also

serves as a model for other police agencies and response teams.

• State police must also be certified under their agency’s standards for clandestine drug

operations and meet HAZWOPER training requirements for emergency response and

post-emergency-response operations as part of the certification.

HAZWOPER rules also apply to police tactical operations and hazardous substance removal

from drug lab sites. Unless information to the contrary is available, clandestine drug labs are

assumed to be chemically contaminated, and HAZWOPER 1910.120(q) applies.

5. HAZWOPER applies to _____ who deal with clandestine drug labs.

a. clean-up personnel

b. police and firefighters

c. police and clean-up personnel

d. firefighters and clean-up personnel

Coordination

Operations against a clandestine drug lab must be coordinated through an incident command

system (ICS).

• Team supervisor and site safety officer roles must be established for planning, entry, hazard identification, and evidence recovery.

• Participating agencies must also plan and coordinate their actions to ensure employee safety.

The incident commander is responsible for determining whether a lab is contaminated.

Chemical contamination may be determined as follows:

• by sampling with direct-reading instruments;

• by observing spilled chemicals, open or leaking containers;


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• by complaints of chemical odors; and

• by symptoms such as watery eyes, irritated skin, or difficulty breathing.

Employees or members of HAZMAT teams who complain of signs and symptoms of exposure

are entitled to medical consultation under HAZWOPER 1910.120(f).

Properties that have been declared unfit for use by a law enforcement agency are

uninhabitable until they are cleaned up by a certified decontamination contractor, and a

certificate of fitness is issued by the Public Health Agencies.

Post-emergency cleanup operations of contaminated sites are covered under HAZWOPER

1910.120(b)-(o). Contractors and their employees must meet HAZWOPER requirements for 40-

hour training and 8-hour annual refresher training. Supervisory personnel must have additional

training. A two-day certification class and biennial refresher are also required.

6. Members of HAZMAT teams complaining of signs and symptoms of exposure are

entitled to _____.

a. medical consultation

b. legal consultation

c. three days of paid leave

d. change of duties



Course 660


Acronyms

BBP Bloodborne Pathogens

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980

CESQGs Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

DHS Department of Homeland Security

DOT Department of Transportation

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ERP Emergency Response Plan

HASP Health and Safety Plan

HAZMAT Hazardous Materials

HAZWOPER Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

HCS Hazard Communication Standard

ICS Incident Command System

IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

NIMS National Incident Management System

NPL National Priority List

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PEL Permissible Exposure Limit

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976

SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

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SCBA Self-contained breathing apparatus

SHARP Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program

SSP Skilled Support Personnel

TSD Treatment, Storage, and Disposal

TRI Toxic Release Inventory

UST Underground storage tank

VPP Voluntary Protection Programs

Course 660


Glossary

Brownfield real property where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by actual or

perceived environmental contamination. A brownfield cannot be the subject of planned or on-

going removal actions, posted or proposed for listing on the National Priority List, the subject of

an administrative court order under solid and hazardous waste laws, the subject of corrective

actions or closure requirements, or a federal facility.

Buddy system a system of organizing employees into work groups so that each employee of the

work group is observed by at least one other employee in the work group. The purpose of the

buddy system is to ensure immediate assistance to employees in an emergency.

CERCLA see Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

Chain of command links one person with overall responsibility for managing an emergency to

others responsible for carrying out specific emergency-response tasks.

Clean-up operation hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized,

stabilized, cleaned-up to make a site safer for people or the environment.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (also Superfund)

Federal legislation that provided broad federal authority to respond directly to releases or

threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the

environment. CERCLA was amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

(SARA).

Conditionally exempt small-quantity generator is a generator of 220 pounds or less of

hazardous waste per month; has less burdensome record keeping and reporting requirements

than small quantity generators or large quantity generators.

Decontamination removal of hazardous substances from employees and equipment.

Emergency action plan Oregon OSHA requirement Subdivision 2/E, 437-002-0042, for

responding to emergencies such as fires, toxic substance releases, severe weather, and

flooding.

Emergency response is a response by employees from outside an immediate release area or by

other designated responders to an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses

to incidental releases of hazardous substances in which the substance can be absorbed,

neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate

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release area or by maintenance personnel, are not considered emergency responses within the

scope of HAZWOPER.

Emergency response operation response to a hazardous waste spill or leak.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) federal agency whose mission is to protect human

health and the environment.

EPA Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 261.3 definition of hazardous waste.

EPA Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 261.5 special requirements for hazardous

waste generated by conditionally exempt small quantity generators.

EPA Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 262.34 standards applicable to generators of

hazardous waste, accumulation time.

Facility a building or a site where a hazardous substance has been deposited; facility refers to

hazardous waste generators, TSD facilities, and designated recycling facilities.

Generator an owner, manager, or controller of a facility that creates hazardous waste.

Hazardous materials response team (HAZMAT) an organized group of employees, designated

by their employer, that controls hazardous substance leaks or spills. A HAZMAT team is not a

fire brigade nor is a fire brigade, necessarily a HAZMAT team. A HAZMAT team may be a

separate component of a fire brigade or fire department, however.

Hazardous substance is a substance defined under HAZWOPER 1910.120(a)(3)(A)-(D); a

substance defined under section 9601(14) of CERCLA; an agent that can cause death, disease,

or other adverse health effects in humans; a substance listed by the U.S. Department of

Transportation as a hazardous material under 49 CFR 172.101.

Hazardous waste is waste or combination of wastes as defined in Title 40, CFR 261.3;

substances defined as hazardous wastes in Title 49 CFR 171.8.

Hazardous waste generator see Generator.

Hazardous waste operation any operation conducted within the scope of HAZWOPER

1910.120.

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response standard (HAZWOPER) 1910.120.

Hazardous waste site an area contaminated by hazardous waste that poses a risk to human

health or the environment.

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HAZMAT see Hazardous materials response team

HAZWOPER see Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response standard

Health hazard means a chemical or a pathogen where acute or chronic health effects may

occur in exposed employees. It also includes stress due to temperature extremes. The term

health hazard includes chemicals that are classified in accordance with the Hazard

Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, as posing one of the following hazardous effects:

irritation; respiratory or skin sensitization; germ cell mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive

toxicity; specific target organ toxicity (single or repeated exposure); aspiration toxicity or simple

asphyxiant. (See Appendix A to § 1910.1200—Health Hazard Criteria (Mandatory) for the

criteria for determining whether a chemical is classified as a health hazard.)

Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) an atmospheric concentration of any toxic,

corrosive, or asphyxiate substance that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause

irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individual’s ability to

escape from a dangerous atmosphere.

Interim status authorization is granted by the EPA and allows a TSD facility to continue

operating pending review and decision of the facility’s permit application.

Large-quantity generator is a generator of more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste in one

month, more than 2.2 pounds of acutely hazardous waste in one month, or more than 220

pounds of debris containing acutely hazardous waste in one month.

Oxygen deficiency the concentration of oxygen by volume below which atmosphere supplying

respiratory protection must be provided. The percentage of oxygen by volume is less than 19.5

percent oxygen.

Permissible exposure limit (PEL) the exposure, inhalation, or dermal exposure limits specified

in 1910 Subdivision 2/G (Occupational Health and Environmental Controls) and 1910

Subdivision 2/Z (Toxic and Hazardous Substances).

Post-emergency response means that portion of an emergency response performed after the

immediate threat of a hazardous substance release has been stabilized or eliminated and

cleanup of the site has begun.

Published exposure level the exposure limits published in “NIOSH Recommendations for

Occupational Health Standards” or, exposure limits specified by the American Conference of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

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Qualified person means a person with specific training, knowledge, and experience in the area

for which the person has the responsibility and the authority to control.

Radioactive dose limits under CERCLA, remedial actions should generally attain dose levels of

no more than 15 mrem/yr effective dose equivalent for sites at which a dose assessment is

conducted. Dose is the amount of energy deposited in body tissue due to radiation.

RCRA permit is a permit required for a hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facility.

RCRA see Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Federal law that regulates hazardous waste.

SARA see Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.

SARA, title I required OSHA to issue regulations protecting workers engaged in hazardous

waste operations.

Site safety and health supervisor the person at a hazardous waste site who has the authority

and knowledge necessary to implement a site safety-and-health plan and verify compliance

with safety and health requirements.

Small-quantity generator is a generator of no more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste in

any calendar month.

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) amendments to the Comprehensive

Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).

TSD facility see Treatment, storage, and disposal facility.

Treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSD) A facility that treats, stores, or disposes of

hazardous waste and is subject to RCRA permit requirements.

Uncontrolled hazardous waste site an uncontrolled hazardous waste site, as designated by a

governmental agency, at which an accumulation of hazardous substances creates a threat to

the health and safety of people or the environment.

Written safety-and-health program comprehensive workplace-safety-and-health requirements

for cleanup operations and TSD facilities required in HAZWOPER 1910.120(b)(1)(i) and

1910.120(p)(1).

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Additional Resources

1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.

2. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA Hazardous Waste Webpage

3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA Incident Command System (ICS)

eTool.

4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2008). Brownfield Site Cleanup and

Redevelopment.

5. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Publication 3114 (2008). Hazardous

Waste Operations and Emergency Response.

6. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG),

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publication. (1985) Occupational Safety and

Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities

Endnotes

7. United States General Accounting Office. (1995). Hazardous Waste Incinerators.

Retrieved from: http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/rc95017.pdf

8. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1985). Retrieved from:

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/complinks/OSHG-HazWaste/4agency.html

9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1993). Incinerators: Summary Report

on OSHA Inspections Conducted at Superfund Incinerator Sites. Retrieved from:

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/compliance/compliance.html

10. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2001). Oil Spill Response: Training Oil

Spill Response Workers under OSHA’s Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency

Response Standard. Retrieved from:

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/3172/3172.html



https://www.epa.gov/hw

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/nrs.html

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/nrs.html



http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/rc95017.pdf


https://www.osha.gov/Publications/compliance/compliance.html

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/3172/3172.html

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11. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2003). Remediation Technology Health

and Safety Standards: Thermal Desorption. Retrieved from:

https://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib_02_03_03_tsds9.html

12. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1990). Underground Storage Tanks.

Retrieved from: https://www.osha.gov/dts/hib/hib_data/hib19900831.html

13. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1988). Duct Tape with Personal

Protective Equipment at Hazardous Waste Sites and Related Operations. Retrieved

from: https://www.osha.gov/dts/hib/hib_data/hib19880411A.html.

https://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib_02_03_03_tsds9.html

https://www.osha.gov/dts/hib/hib_data/hib19900831.html

https://www.osha.gov/dts/hib/hib_data/hib19880411A.html

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