Slide 1

15 million

A History of Urban Residential Planning of Dhaka

Pre Mughal PeriodKamrup 7th-8th C

Sena Kings 9th CDhakaLakshmi Bazar

Shankhari Bazar Tanti BazarTurks and Pathan 1299-1608

Mughal PeriodIbrahim Khan (1616-1620)Population 1 million

Shopping Centres: Bangla Bazar and ChaukOld Fort : Nucleus of the city Low Income Dulai khal, Buriganga River, Pill Khana and Mahut Tuli High Income Bakshi bazaar Cottage industriesShaista Khan (1662-1689) Tejgaon: Manufacturing centre High Income ResidenceLow Income Residence

1859Inception British Rule 1765Decline Famine, Flood and Fires Fall in trade

The Appointment of Sir Patrick Geddes in 1906Plan never adopted

Revival by Charles DawesWidening of road , new buildings for administration and education near Victoria park

University of Dhaka 1921Expansion of low income residence towards NawabganjMiddle income residence: Bakshi Bazar, Dewan Bazar, Nawab Katra, Aga Sadeq Road, Begum Bazat, Armanitola, Bangla Bazar & Lakshmi Bazar High income residence: By the banks of Buriganga for half a mile from North brook hall to the Ahsan Manzil Gandaria, Wari, Purana PaltanIntroduction: Grid pattern road at Wari & Gandaria1905 - 1911High Income ResidenceLow Income ResidenceMiddle Income ResidenceRace Course in Ramna 1825

1959: DACCA MASTER PLAN

The first comprehensive master plan By the firm Minupria & Macfarlane in 1958Objective Establish planning principles Failure Unusual growth, increase of population and changes in socio-political conditions

Pakistan created 14th Aug 1947, Dhaka Capital

103% increase of populationExpansion: From 6 sq. miles in 1947 to 25 sq. miles in 1962.

New official buildings in Ramna areaGovernment quarters/colony built in Dhakeshwari, Polashi Barrack,Bajar Bagh, Shantinagar, Motijheel and Azimpur area; Shiddheshwari, Kakrail - KamlapurPurana Paltan Naya Paltan, Eskaton Mogbazar, Shiddheswari, Kakrail Kamlapur, Rajar Bagh, Shegun BagichaNew DhakaMotijheel and national stadium established in 1954

Dhanmondi 1955 Belt towards Mohammadpur & MirpurLow lying settlement at East and West Private Development e.g Bashundhara Slums The city was planned for l0 lakh people in 1959

High Income ResidenceLow Income ResidenceMiddle Income Residence 1981: DHAKA METROPOLITAN AREA INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT The master plan -1959 Out of fashion Impossible to control vast unplanned development

Focus Planning the storm water drainage and flood problems of Dhaka metropolitan area Planning on acquiring developed land were done to ensure linear growth of settlement1995: DHAKA METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN

By Mott Macdonald in association with Culpin Planning Ltd 4 major componentsStrategic Growth Structure PlanUrban Area PlanDetailed Area Plan

Long Term strategy plan for 20 years to 2015

Implementation of Flood Action PlanPeripheral expansion on east and west of Suburban & Agricultural landNorthern area Wealthier groups

DAP Land Use PlanLand Use in 2004

Land Formation Map

Private Housing Approved by Gov.

Private Housing disapproved by Gov. Illegal Housing Public Housing

SuperimposedProblems Inadequate supply of land and its inelasticity Less than 30% of the households of the city own more than 80% of the total land.The government can meet only 7% of the total demand, whereas private sector entertains the bulk of 93% of the total housing demand. The developers buy land at low price and sale it about more than 15 times high rateLack of government monitoring Poor transport networkCostly transport cost compared to incomeCompetitive and alternative use of land Increasing pressure of rising population on land.

Planned

WariRamnaDhanmondiGulshanBananiMirpur UttaraKhilgaonMohakhali East RampuraReazbagh

Unplanned

MeradiaShahjaharipurMalibagPurana Paltan Kathal Bagan Jahanara Imam SaraneeSiddeshwari New Eskaton Moghbazar Chairman Goli Shegun Bagicha Paribagh

Baridhara Residential Area, Diplomatic

The area is basically a residential area, even though a large number of structures are found under non-residential use On the south of the Baridhara Residential Area lies Diplomatic

There seems to be a trend towards ribbon like informal commercial developments by the side of Progati Sarani

Shahjadpur-Badda

Shahjadpur-Badda is an informal or spontaneously developed private residential area It is a medium density mixed area with all the ills of unorganized development Roads are narrow and tortuous. The area is dominated by the middle and lower middle income groups of people

Uttara Model Town in Dhaka City The satellite town was created to solve the housing problem of middle class in the 70s modelled on housing solutions done on 60s in the central area and northern areas of Dhaka city. The project failed to serve the middle class as a whole. Almost 75% of the plots were not inhabited by 80s.

People with the ability to invest purchased plots that were left unused since most applicants were government service holders living in government housing

Dhanmondi Exclusively as residential

At the initial stage, the idea was that in each plot the owner would build a one or two storey house. However, in response to tremendous pressure on city land after the year 1972, the restriction was relaxed to the point of virtual nonapplication

Currently more than half are used for commercial and other purposes

Mohakhali

Mohakhali is predominantly commercial with few residential zones

Location 6 Concentration on the western side of the planning area. Development prior to 1990 occurred mainly along the sides of four main roads namely-Khilkhet-Nampara road, Kawla road, Ashkona road and Shahid Latif road.

Location of Settlement and cost of land direct relationship between land level and proximity to services.

Slums

In early 1990 majority of the slums were located on public lands and later 90s the government

Many slums were evicted from public properties.

77% of Slums on private lands.60% of 15 million people in dhaka live in slumsThese disappointments are because Land speculation and unfair land ownership patternLack of understanding of the peoples socio economic conditionLack of implementation, capacity and resources Lack of political support and interests

Singapore

"Dhaka gained its current shape as millions sought to convert the space to meet their need to find dwelling and livelihood. In the process they defied all the grids and designs proposed by the urban planners. The beauty of Dhaka is that it functions at all.University of Asia PacificAroni Roy Tanvir ChowdhuryAnjuman Rehana Usha