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A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
Emerging WiMax Challenge
A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
Drivers Of Change
ReformsCompetitionTechnologyInnovationConvergence
A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
Increasing number of playersIncreasing number of playersSouthward movement of tariffsSouthward movement of tariffsLower ARPUsLower ARPUsExpanding Subscriber baseExpanding Subscriber base
Reforms & CompetitionReforms & Competition
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TechnologyTechnology
Data Traffic > Voice TrafficData Traffic > Voice TrafficMobility at centerstageMobility at centerstage Moore’s LawMoore’s Law IP CentricIP Centric Accelerating pace of changeAccelerating pace of change Sophisticated SoftwareSophisticated Software Open StandardsOpen Standards Intelligent DevicesIntelligent Devices Intelligence in NetworksIntelligence in Networks
A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
Innovation
Value Added ServicesRetention Service DeliveryCommunication to TransactionCommunication to Entertainment
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Convergence
Of TechnologyOf ServicesOf AccessOf DevicesOf Domains
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Change ImpactChange Impact
Death Of DistancesDeath Of Distances Business Mange More - Business Mange More - BandwidthBandwidth Power to CustomersPower to Customers Lower ARPULower ARPU High Volume – Low MarginsHigh Volume – Low Margins Network is the kingNetwork is the king Mobility is winnerMobility is winner
A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
WiMAX
Response To Change
Or
Disruptive Technology
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Why WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) ?
Operators need service differentiation to compete Advantage Greenfield operators Wire line replacement with Wireless
PSTN-quality voice and DSL-like dataProfitable with mass-market consumer ARPUSolution for rural coverage
Longer reach, higher Bandwidth Benefits of Standards
Standard becoming synonymous with technology
A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
(WiMax) – A Standard & Not the Technology
WiMAX defined by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as “Wireless MAN”
The Forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".
WiMAX is not a technology, but rather a certification mark, or 'stamp of approval' given to equipment that meets certain conformity and interoperability tests for the IEEE 802.16 family of standards.
Neither WiMAX, nor Wi-Fi is a technology but their names have been adopted in popular usage to denote the technologies behind them. This is likely due to the difficulty of using terms like 'IEEE 802.16' in common speech and writing.
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Benefits of a Standard For Equipment and Component Standardization creates a volume
opportunity Vendors fosters rapid innovation and the addition of new components and services. Concentrate on specialization (i.e. Base Stations or CPEs) - no longer need to create an
entire end-to- end solution as in proprietary model Standardization creates a volume opportunity
For Consumers Receive services in areas that were previously out of the broadband loop More players in the market translate into more choices Quick “trickle down” effect of cost savings to consumers, translating into lower monthly rates
For Service Providers Common Platform drives down costs, fosters healthy competition and encourages innovation Enables a relatively low initial CAPEX investment and incremental expenditures that reflect
growth No more commitments to a single vendor, a typical by-product of the proprietary technology
model Wireless systems significantly reduce operator investment risk
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WiMAX Standards
IEEE Standards 802.16-2001, 802.16c-2002, and 802.16a-2003. Original WiMAX standard (IEEE 802.16) specified for the 10 to 66
GHz range 802.16a updated in 2004 to 802.16-2004 (also known as 802.16d), added
specification for the 2 to 11 GHz range. 802.16d (also known as "fixed WiMAX") was updated to 802.16e in
2005 (known as "mobile WiMAX"). and uses scalable orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) as opposed to the OFDM version with 256 sub-carriers used in 802.16d.
More advanced versions including 802.16e also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications
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WiMAX Progression802.16-2004 WiMAX 802.16e WiMAX
Standard802.16-2004
(June 2004)
802.16e (or 802.16-2005)
(December 2005)
Modulation OFDM OFDMA
Service providers targeted
DSL and cable modem ISPs, wireless and wired ISPs
Mobile operators, DSL and cable modem ISPs, wireless and
wired ISPs
Subscriber Unit Near Line of Sight Non Line of Sight, portable CPE
Certified start July 2005 2H2006
Certified product January 2006 1H2007 (expected)
Commercial availability
1H2006 2007 (expected)
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Spectrum Issue
Wimax certified initial fixed and stationary equipment in the 3.5 and 5.8 GHz band
For mobile applications, initial profiles have been developed for 2.3, 2.5, and 3.5 GHz
Country specific spectrum availability problems
Spectrum harmonization needed
A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
Business Case
Wireline Performance over a Broadband Wireless Infrastructure
Provide Quadruple Play
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VoIP WiMAX
Most BWA systems designed for Data only, since viable VoIP over BWA hard to
implementBusiness case exists for VoIP over BWAWiMAX offers competitive solutionRegulatory issuesCompeting/Complementary technology for
Telcos
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WiMAX & IPTV
IPTV depending on compression, needs 1 mbps bandwidth between WiMAX base station and subscriber
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Quadruple Play
• WiMAX as Mobile Cellular Alternative
• One Network serves all
• Mobility for Quadruple Play
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QoS & Security
• OFDM & Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation • WiMAX coding and modulation schemes ensure steady signal
strength over distance by decreasing throughput over range to deliver the best QoS possible
• Prioritizing traffic• WiMAX offers state of the art security via authentication and
strong encryption• WiMAX (802.16-2004) uses X.509 certificates for authentication
and 56-bit Digital Encryption System (DES) for encryption of the data stream. Mobile WiMAX (802.16e-2005) uses EAP for authentication and Advanced Encryption System for encryption
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Simple Wireless Architecture
Point-to-Point (P2P) Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) Line of sight (LOS) or Non-line of sight (NLOS)
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Network Elements
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Typical System Implementation
A K BhargavaA K Bhargava
Competing/Complementary TechnologiesCDMA2000/ WCDMA/1 x EV-DO UMTS
Standard 802.15.3a 802.15.1 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.16d 802.16e 2.5G 3G 3G
Usage WPAN WPAN WLAN WLAN WLANWMAN Fixed
WMAN Portable
WWAN WWAN WWAN
Throughput
110-480Mbps
Up to 720Kpbs
Up to 54Mbps
Up to 11Mbps
Up to 54Mbps
Up to 75Mbps (20MHz BW)
Up to 30Mbps (10MHz BW)
Up to 384Kbps
Up to 2.4 Mbps (typical 300-600Kbps)
Up to 2Mbps (Up to 10Mbps with HSDPA technology)
RangeUp to 30 feet
Up to 30 feet
Up to 300 feet
Up to 300 feet
Up to 300 feet
Typical 4-6 miles
Typical 1-3 miles
Typical 1-5 miles
Typical 1-5 miles
Typical 1-5 miles
Frequency
7.5GHz 2.4GHz 5GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHzSub 11GHz
2-6GHz 1900MHz
400, 800, 900, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100MHz
1800, 1900, 2100MHz
UWB Bluetooth Wi-Fi EdgeWi-Fi Wi-Fi WiMAX WiMAX
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Positioning of WiMAX
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Comparison of Mobile Internet Access methods
Standard FamilyPrimary
UseRadio Tech
Downlink (Mbps)
Uplink (Mbps) Notes
802.16eWiMAX
Mobile Internet
SO FDMA70 70
Q uoted speeds only achievable at very short ranges, more practically 10Mbps at 10Km.
HIPERMAN HIPERMANMobile Internet OFDM 56.9 56.9
WiBro WiBroMobile Internet OFDM 50 50 Short range (<500m)
iBurstiBurst 802.20
Mobile Internet HC-SDMA 64 64 3-12 km
UMTS W-CDMA 0.384 0.384HSDPA+HS
UPA 3.6 5.76
UMTS-TDDUMTS/3GSM
Mobile Internet
CDMA/TDD 16 16
Reported speeds according to IPWireless
LTE UTMSUMTS/4GSM
General 4G
O FDM/MIMO (HSOPA) >100 >50 Still in development
1xRTT CDMA2000Mobile phone CDMA 0.144 0.144 O bsoleted by EV-DO
EV-DO 1x Rev. 0 2.45 0.15EV-DO 1x
Rev.A 3.1 1.8EV-DO Rev.B 4.9xN 1.8xN
UMTS/3GSM
Mobile phone
CDMA/FDD
HSDPA downlink widely deployed. Roadmap shows HSDPA up to 28.8Mbps downstream in the future. Currently, users can expect
CDMA2000Mobile Internet
CDMA/FDD Rev B note: N is the number of 1.25
MHz chunks of spectrum used. Not yet deployed.
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HIPERMAN, WiBroUMTS , CDMA EvDoDSL, FTTH4GMBWA 802.20Cognitive Radio RAN 802.22
Competing/Complementary Technologies