ABO blood typing(1)

Hu li-ping(胡利平 )

Forensic Medicine Dept.

Outline

Part one Introduction

Part two ABO blood type

Part three Experiment operation for ABO typing

Blood groups

• The genetic differences of blood are called blood groups.

Part one Introduction

RBCs group

WBCs group

Serological type

• The genetic differences of RBCs are called RBCs groups.

ABO group

Rh. MN. P. lewis.kidd

Whole Blood

Composition of Blood

• Plasma: Fluid component– Water (90%)– plasma proteins– Other solutes

• Formed elements: Cells and fragments– RBCs – WBCs – Platelets

• In Plasma,there are some useful antibodies in forensic application or medical application . such as anti-A,anti-B

• On the surface of RBCs,there are many antigens, such as A,B.

8

Blood Typing

• Antigens–Surface of red blood cells–Responsible for blood-type

characteristics• More than 15 blood antigen systems are

identified• ABO, Rh systems are the most important

• Antibodies–In the plasma–Responsible for blood-type

characteristics at the same time

History

---- In 1900,Karl Landsteiner found 4 different kinds of

blood –A,B,AB and O(A-B-O system).

----A few years later, starting around 1937, a series of

antigen-antibody reactions were discovered in blood, the

most common ones being ABH, MN, Rh, and Gm (over

100 antigens exist).

Part two ABO blood type

• Type O—46%• Type A—40%• Type B—10%• Type AB—4%

Average Percents…

4 blood types

 SurfaceAntigens

Antibodies

A A Anti-B

B B Anti-A

AB A, B none

O none Anti-AAnti-B

ABO Antigens and Antibodies

Homologous Chromosomes

Genes

From Father From Mother

Diploid = Two copies of each type of chromosome

Loci = Physical position of a gene on a chromosome

Allele = Alternate forms of a gene:

Alleles have the same position (locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes

ABO TYPE

 Phenotype Genotype

A AA or AO

B AA or BO

AB AB

O OO

FatherA

+ MotherB

Child?

A O B B

A B B O

Child1 Child2

Other Examples

Mom Dad Offspring Blood Group

AA BB 100% AB

AO BB 50% each of AB or B

AO BO 4 kinds of blood group

AA BO 50% each of AB or A

Part three —Detecting ABO blood groups

(1) Experimental purposes

(2) Experiment principle

(3) Experimental procedures

Experimental purposes

------to grasp the method of ABO blood tpying

-----To be familiar with agglutination reactions

of RBCs and judge the agglutination result.

Experiment principle of Blood Typing

Antigen –antibody reactions

Specific antigen on the surface of blood and serum

antibody in the plazma can particularly combine and

cause agglutination reactions.

ABO Blood Typing

• Antigen –antibody agglutination reactions

phenomenon Results Meaning

Agglutination + With relevant antigens

_ With no relevant antigens

Experimental procedures

Take fingertip blood

agglutination reactions

judgement of results  

to be prepared - Mark

With saline

A B

Collect blood

Sterilize

Pierce

Squeeze

Mix up

saline RBCssuspension

2 drops blood

2 drops blood A B

anti -A anti -B

A tube B tube

2 drops Mix A B

Place in a room temperature for 15mins

Whether agglutination

A B

• Agglutination is positive. （ +）• No agglutination is negative.（ --）

Results - ABO Positive typing

Antibodies

known

Unknown cells1

Unknown cells2

Unknown cells3

Unknown cells4

A(anti-A) + _ + _

B(anti-B) _ + + _

Results A B AB O

Experiment contents To test the two unknown samples

x1 x2

Anti-B Anti-A Anti-BAnti-Ax1 x2

Anti-B Anti-A Anti-BAnti-A

x1 x2

Place in a room temperature for 15min

Mix up

Test report (1) Experimental purposes

(2) Experiment principle

(3) Experimental procedures

(4) Experimental results

(5) Experimental analysis

Thank you!

E-mail:542575723@qq.comTel:13888835457