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Election of 1800
Election of 1800a. Jefferson and Burr tied (D-R)• Each received 73 votes, so House of Reps
voted 36 times• Hamilton (F) supported Jefferson to break
deadlock – Jefferson won• Burr later challenged Hamilton to a duel -
Hamilton died, Burr’s career ruined• 12th Amendment passed: separate ballots
for President and VP
A Republican takes over• As a Republican, Jefferson made changes
1. abolished internal taxes2. reduced govt. spending3. cut national debt in ½4. scaled down the army
• Appointed as many Republicans as possible!
Judicial Branch• Before Adams left office
he secured the Judicial branch in the hands of the Federalists
• Judiciary Act of 1801-Reduced Supreme Court from 6 to 5 Justices-Created more federal courts-Midnight appointments:last minute appointments to new courts (all Federalists)
John Marshall
• Father of the Supreme Court
• Midnight appointment
• Chief Justice• Revolutionized the
Supreme Court- established it as a legitimate branch of government = to others
• How?
Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison18031803
William Marbury appointed as Justice of
the Peace in the midnight appointments
James Madison new secretary of state:
refuses to deliver the appointment
Court’s Decision• Declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 (act of
Congress) unconstitutional- Constitution does not give leg. power to make executive officers perform these services
• Marshall and the SC had defined their power
of Judicial Review: the power of the SC to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
• Marshall is responsible for making the Judicial Branch equal to the other two branches
Louisiana PurchaseJefferson wanted the Land for his Republican
dream of a Nation filled with Farmers!
The Facts
• Jefferson buys land from Napoleon- port of New Orleans was closed to us and we wanted access
• $15 million• Mississippi River to
Rocky Mountains• Doubles the size of
the Country
Is This Constitutional?
• Jefferson believes in Strict Construction of Constitution
- does not give the authority to buy land
• The Constitution gives the Pres. the right to make treaties
- this can be the excuse to buy the land
“If therefore there is anything under those circumstances, in this enterprise, which would induce you to participate with me in it’s fatigues, it’s dangers and it’s honors, believe me there is no man on earth with whom I should feel equal pleasure in sharing them as with yourself.”
Lewis to Clark, June 16, 1803
“[I] cheerfully join in in an ‘official character’ as mentioned in
your letter and partake of all the Dangers Difficulties & fatigues,
and I anticipate the honors & rewards of the result of such an
enterprise should we be successful in accomplishing it.”
Clark to Lewis, July 17, 1803
The Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition
[Map from David Goldfield, The American Journey (Prentice Hall)]
• Guide• Translator• Indicator of peace• Encounter her tribe, her brother is now
chief: gives needed horses and supplies
The goal was to travel as much by water as
possible: Maybe even find a complete water passage to the
Pacific
19th Century Trade ItemsGlass beads (especially blue and white, red vermillion paint,
awls, needles, fishhooks, cloth, guns, hatchets, metal knives, etc.
[Original Journals Located in the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA]
They kept detailed journals on new plants
and animals
William Clark. A Map of part of the Continent of North America. 1810. (Coe Collection; Yale University)
They mapped their route and
surrounding area
They saw land and experienced
things that no other European
had.