AIT GrEEN Technology Workshop 2014solutions.ait.ac.th/resources/pdf/Session_I_Mohanty.pdfAIT GrEEN...

AIT GrEEN Technology Workshop 2014

Managing Resources: Integrated Approach to

Energy and Water Conservation

Brahmanand Mohanty

AIT Consulting, Asian Institute of Technology, 28-29 August 2014

l 2AIT GrEEN Technology Workshop 2014

Presentation outline

1. Introduction: Why manage our natural resources

2. Energy demand management

3. Sustainable energy management strategy for industries

4. Sustainable energy management strategy for buildings

5. Sustainable water management strategy


1. Introduction: Why manage our

natural sources


Living Planet Report, 2012

(WWF)

The global consumption trend is unsustainable

Using the equivalent of 1.5 earth to support our activities

Need to mobilize 2 planets by 2030 under the business-as-usual scenario

All emissions can be attributed to delivery of products and services in order to meet the needs of the end consumer


A resource constrained world

Resource constraints are looming beyond carbon

Water, energy, land use and materials are all resource challenges for the humanity

Current reliance on fossil fuels: 80%

World population already living in areas of physical or economic water scarcity: 40%


Why manage our natural resources?

Adapted from: The Third Curve, Mansoor Khan

150 million years of the sun’s energy…

…Half gone in 150 years

Source: http://water.org/water-crisis/water-facts/water/


Energy-water nexus

Fuel Production(Ethanol, hydrogen)

Extraction & Refining

Wastewater Treatment

Thermoelectric Cooling

Energy associated with Uses of Water

Drinking Water Treatment

Extraction & Transmission

Hydropower

Water for Energy

Energy for Water


Hardin’s “tragedy of the

commons”

How to avoid that natural resources (commons) shared by individuals… … are not depleted and eventually ruined.


Living beyond our means

Can technology allow us to pursue

with

?


2. Energy demand management


Energy demand in industries

Energy demand of a typical industry


Energy demand in buildings

Energy demand of a typical commercial building


From fossil fuel to energy services

Fossil fuels(coal, oil, gas…)

Energy conversion facility

(refinery, power plant)

Secondary energy(refined oil,

electricity…)

Final energy(delivered to

consumer)

Energy services(lighting, motive

power, chilled water)

Transmission & distribution(pipeline, grid

network…)

Energy using appliance

(lamp, motor, compressor…)

End-use(Products and services)


Example: Energy for lighting service

Energy service delivered is a small fraction of the fuel fed into a power plant

100% with incandescent lampTHE BASE CASE

100 W110 W

335 W

5 W


End-use energy efficiency: Factor 5

100% with incandescent lamp

80% less energy by switching from incandescent to CFL

Energy supply

divided by 5!

335 W

67 W


End-use energy efficiency: Factor 10

80% less energy by adopting CFL

>90% less energy by adopting LED

Energy supply

further divided

by 2!

67 W

28.1 W


Switching supply to renewable

energy

100% with incandescent lamp

Further loss reduction by adopting Solar-PV energized LED

Energy supply

from the sun!

335 W


Energy need for the process/service

demandBusiness-as-usual scenario

Process/Service Energy Demand

(30)

Process/Service Energy Losses

(30)

Distribution Losses (15)

Utility Losses (25)

Foss

il E

ne

rgy

pu

rch

ase

d(1

00

)


Energy demand management

Energy demand


(30)


Utility Losses (25)

Process/Service Energy Losses (10)


Utility Losses (10)

Demand management


(30)


(30)


Reduction in fossil energy

demandBusiness-as-usual


(30)


(30)


Utility Losses (25)


(30)



Utility Losses (10)

Demand management

Foss

il E

ne

rgy

pu

rch

ase

d(1

00

)

Foss

il E

ne

rgy

pu

rch

ase

d(5

5)


Towards energy sustainability

Business-as-usual


(30)


(30)


Utility Losses (25)


(30)



Utility Losses (10)

Integrated approach

Foss

il E

ne

rgy

pu

rch

ase

d(1

00

)

Foss

il E

ne

rgy

pu

rch

ase

d(3

3)

Re

ne

wab

le

En

erg

y g

en

era

ted

(22)


3. Sustainable energy management

strategy for industries


Sustainable energy:

manufacturing

Polygeneration(Electricity, heat

and cold)

Cogeneration(Electricity and

heat)

Solar thermal

Renewable Energies

Biomass

Efficient equipment (boilers, chillers, …

Efficient energy distribution network

PINCH analysisHeat exchanger

networks

Heat recovery and process integration

Heat and cold networks

Heat pumps and thermal chillers

Demand reduction

Process Improvement


Example: Traditional brewery

Source: O Lyle Energy performance: 400 MJ/hl


Brewery energy demand

management

Source: O Lyle

124 to 163 MJ/hl

Energy performance: from 400 to 150 MJ/hl


Energy-efficient brewery

processes

Efficient processes

Optimized mashing system

Two-phase wort boiling

Internal wort boiling system

Inverted heating surface cone

Combined mash, wort and

stripping kettle


Brewery process integration

Process integration

Wort preheating with vapor

Two-stage wort cooling

Cascaded cooling system

Heat recovery in pasteurization

Heat recovery from CO2

vaporization


Energy efficient utility and

network

Efficient utility

Thermal system

Refrigeration system

Compressed air system

Pumping system


From fossil to renewable energy

Renewable energies

Solar thermal and photovoltaic

Biomass

Biogas

Others: micro-hydro, wind, geothermal


Green brewery of the future

Energy flow diagram for the energy supply

Biomass from residues

Source: Muster-Slawitsch et al., 2011


4. Sustainable energy management

strategy for buildings


Building sustainable energy strategy

Other loads

Electrical equipment

250 kWh/m².year

Bioclimatic architecture

Energy efficiency

Renewable energy

Fossil fuels

175 kWh/m².year100 kWh/m².year50 kWh/m².year


Bioclimatic architecture

Bioclimatic Architecture

Passive Solar Design

Orientation

Solar Protection

Daylighting

Natural Ventilation

Building Envelope

Window-to-Wall Area Ratio

Envelope Insulation

High Performance Glazing


Energy efficiency

Demand Reduction

Lighting

Energy Efficient Lighting

High-efficiency reflector

Sensor-based lighting control

Daylighting compensation

HVAC

Energy Efficient HVAC

Radiant Heating/Cooling

Demand-controlled Ventilation

Climate Responsive Controls

Other Equipment

Efficient elevators

Efficient equipment

Efficient office appliances


Energy efficiency (process

integration)

Energy Recovery

Chiller Heat Recovery

Exhaust air heat recovery

Condensate Heat Recovery

Generator Heat Recovery


Renewable energy

Renewable energy

Solar thermal

Solar photovoltaics

Wind turbines

Geothermal/Ground energy


Fossil fuels

Generation

Micro-turbines

Fuel-cell

Co-generation / Trigeneration

District energy


Example: Educational institution

Energy Performance Index: From 240 to 98 kWh/m2.annum)

EPI = 240 kWh/m2.a

•Base building

EPI=208 kWh/m2.a

•Envelope optimization

EPI = 168 kWh/m2.a

•Lighting optimization

EPI = 133 kWh/m2.a

•HVAC optimization

EPI = 98 kWh/m2.a

•ControlsCentre for Environment Science and Engineering (CESE) at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur


Towards net-zero energy

buildingsNormal buildings

(Kuala Lumpur)

LEO building(Putrajaya)

ZEO building(Bangi)

Energy Indices (kWh/m2year)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

NormalBuildings

LEOBuilding

ZEOBuilding

ECBuilding

Typical Consumption200 – 300 kWh/m2year

2001 2006 ( 2015) Benchmark year:

Continuous improvement of Energy Efficiency


Government leading the way

• ST Diamond Building for the Malaysian Energy Commission

Exterior view of the building


ST Diamond Building, Malaysia


5. Sustainable water management

strategy for industries and buildings


Water demand management

Buy water

Harvest rain water

Treat waste water & reuse

Reduce water demand


Industry leading the way

• Sai-Tex factory manufacturing jeans in Vietnam

Industry average: 80 liters/pair of jeans Sai-Tex: 6 liters/pair of jean (-92%)

140

8056

206

020406080

100120140160

Standard process Liquor ratio from1-20 to 1-3

Ozone bleaching Green chemistry Water recylingplant (RO & nano-

filtration)

Lite

rs/p

air

of

jean

s


Sai-Tex water management story

Thank You

Brahmanand Mohanty, Ph.D.Visiting Faculty, Asian Institute of TechnologyRegional Adviser for Asia, French Environment and Energy Management AgencyE-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Date post:	13-Jan-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	0 times
Download:	0 times

AIT GrEEN Technology Workshop 2014solutions.ait.ac.th/resources/pdf/Session_I_Mohanty.pdfAIT GrEEN...

Documents